（外研版）新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義 選擇性必修第二冊(cè)　Unit 5 A delicate world

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會(huì)意1．halfwayadj.中間的，半途的2．inhabitantn．棲居的動(dòng)物3．penguinn．企鵝4．ratn．大老鼠5．vegetationn．植物，草木(總稱(chēng))6．erosionn．侵蝕7．chaosn．大混亂；紊亂8．virusn．病毒9．immunityn．免疫力10．substantialadj.大量的，多的11．interventionn．干預(yù)，介入12．postscriptn．附言13．pestn．有害小動(dòng)物；害蟲(chóng)14．dissolvev．(使)溶解15．nutrientn．養(yǎng)分，營(yíng)養(yǎng)物16．sessionn．一段時(shí)間17．herbaladj.用香(藥)草制成的18．criterionn．(復(fù)數(shù)criteria)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則19．prosperv．興旺，發(fā)達(dá)20．a(chǎn)ltituden．海拔(高度)21．thrivev．茁壯成長(zhǎng)22．fossiln．化石23．floraladj.花的24．coexistv．共存，共處Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．heritagen．遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)2．habitatn．棲息地3．subsequentlyadv.后來(lái)，隨后4．a(chǎn)ppetiten．胃口，食欲5．decreasev．(使)變小，(使)減少6．trapn．夾子，陷阱7．collapsev．倒坍；塌下8．incidentn．事件9．owev．應(yīng)該做；對(duì)……負(fù)有……的義務(wù)10．visualadj.視覺(jué)的11．statusn．地位；身份12．rareadj.稀有的，罕見(jiàn)的13．a(chǎn)pparentlyadv.據(jù)說(shuō)；看來(lái)，似乎14．vastadj.巨大的；廣大的15．elsewhereadv.在別處16．greetingn．問(wèn)候，招呼Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．dramaticallyadv.顯著地；戲劇性地→dramaticadj.戲劇性的；突然的→draman．戲劇2．multiplyv．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增→multipleadj.多種多樣的3．conservationn．保護(hù)→conservev．保護(hù)→conservativeadj.保守的；守舊的4．departuren．離開(kāi)→departv．離開(kāi)；出發(fā)5．explodev．突然增加→explosionn．爆炸；激增6．ecologyn．生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)→ecologicaladj.生態(tài)的→ecologistn．生態(tài)學(xué)家7．comparisonn．比較→comparev．比較8．mysteriousadj.神秘的→mysteryn．難以理解的事物；謎9．biologicaladj.生物的，與生物有關(guān)的→biologyn．生物學(xué)→biologistn．生物學(xué)家10．variationn．差異；變化→variableadj.可變的；易變的→variousadj.各種各樣的→varietyn．變化；多樣(化)；多變(性)→varyv．變化11．endangeredadj.瀕臨滅絕的→endangerv．危及；使……處于危險(xiǎn)→dangern．危險(xiǎn)→dangerousadj.危險(xiǎn)的12．invasionn．涌入；侵犯，入侵→invadev．侵犯→invadern．侵略者13．secureadj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；穩(wěn)固的vt.獲得；拴牢；保護(hù)→securityn．安全；保護(hù)措施1．spark/spɑ?k/vt.引發(fā)；激發(fā)n．火花；活力2．siege/si?d?/n．圍困；包圍3．devise/dI'vaIz/vt.想出；設(shè)計(jì)4．shiver/'?Iv?(r)/vi.顫抖；發(fā)抖5．groan/ɡr??n/n．呻吟；低沉的聲響vi.&vt.呻吟6．doom/du?m/n．厄運(yùn)；毀滅vt.注定(失敗、毀滅等)meetone’sdoom死亡7．weariness/'wI?rInIs/n．厭倦；筋疲力盡8．glide/ɡlaId/vi.滑行；滑翔glideaway溜走；滑走9．pierce/pI?s/vt.&vi.刺入；刺穿；穿透10．stealthily/'stelθIli/adv.偷偷地；鬼鬼祟祟地Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．onbehalfof代表2．failtodosth未做到某事3．inharmonywith與……協(xié)調(diào)，與……一致，與……和睦相處4．developanappetitefor對(duì)……產(chǎn)生興趣5．beintroducedto被引進(jìn)到……，被介紹給……6．dieout滅絕；消失7．outofcontrol失去控制8．remove...from...把……從……移走9．decreasefrom...to...從……減少到……10．inconsequence結(jié)果，因此11．turnout原來(lái)是，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)12．a(chǎn)substantialnumberof大量的13．onceandforall一勞永逸；徹底地14．owe...to...把……歸功于……；欠……15．coexistwith和……共存；與……共處Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants，includingroyalpenguins，kingpenguins，andelephantseals，existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.(否定副詞置于句首引起的倒裝)他們也不難想象出，數(shù)千年來(lái)，包括帝企鵝、王企鵝和象海豹在內(nèi)的當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)物是如何與其自然棲息地完美地和諧共存的。2．Itturnedoutthattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus，andtheirnumbersexplodedonceagain.(Itturnedoutthat...)它們最終對(duì)病毒產(chǎn)生了免疫，數(shù)量又一次激增。3．Thisincidentmadeitclearthattherat，mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.(it作形式賓語(yǔ))這一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛濫的問(wèn)題需要徹底地解決。4．Thenextstepistoremovethelastremaininginvadingspecies，andthat’swhereIcomein—withmydogs.(where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)下一步是清除最后殘存的入侵物種，這就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。5．AlthoughendangeredelsewhereinChinaduetotheinvasionofforeignspecies，thebeesofShennongjiahavecoexistedwiththelocalpeopleforcenturies.(狀語(yǔ)從句的省略)雖然在中國(guó)的其他地區(qū)，由于外來(lái)物種入侵，這種蜜蜂瀕臨滅絕，但是神農(nóng)架的這種蜜蜂和當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗円呀?jīng)共存了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共14分)1．inhabitantn．棲居的動(dòng)物2．erosionn．侵蝕3．vegetationn．植物，草木(總稱(chēng))4．chaosn．大混亂；紊亂5．virusn．病毒6．immunityn．免疫力7．substantialadj.大量的，多的8．interventionn．干預(yù)，介入9．dissolvev．(使)溶解10．nutrientn．養(yǎng)分，營(yíng)養(yǎng)物11．sessionn．一段時(shí)間12．criterionn．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則13．thrivev．茁壯成長(zhǎng)14．coexistv．共存，共處Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(每小題1.5分，共15分)1．heritagen．遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)2．habitatn．棲息地3．subsequentlyadv.后來(lái)，隨后4．decreasev．(使)變小，(使)減少5．collapsev．倒坍；塌下6．incidentn．事件7．owev．應(yīng)該做；對(duì)……負(fù)有……的義務(wù)8．visualadj.視覺(jué)的9．rareadj.稀有的，罕見(jiàn)的10．a(chǎn)pparentlyadv.據(jù)說(shuō)；看來(lái)，似乎Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題2分，共12分)1．dramaticallyadv.顯著地；戲劇性地→dramaticadj.戲劇性的；突然的→draman．戲劇2．biologicaladj.生物的，與生物有關(guān)的→biologyn．生物學(xué)→biologistn．生物學(xué)家3．comparisonn．比較→comparev．比較4．variationn．差異；變化→variableadj.可變的；易變的→variousadj.各種各樣的→varietyn．變化；多樣(化)；多變(性)→varyv．變化5．invasionn．涌入；侵犯，入侵→invadev．侵犯→invadern．侵略者6．secureadj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.獲得；拴牢；保護(hù)→securityn．安全；保護(hù)措施Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．sparkvt.引發(fā)；激發(fā)n．火花；活力2．shivervi.顫抖；發(fā)抖3．groann．呻吟；低沉的聲響vi.&vt.呻吟4．piercevt.&vi.刺入；刺穿；穿透5．stealthilyadv.偷偷地；鬼鬼祟祟地Ⅴ.核心短語(yǔ)(每小題2分，共10分)1．failtodosth未做到某事2．developanappetitefor對(duì)……產(chǎn)生興趣3．dieout滅絕；消滅4．turnout原來(lái)是，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)5．decreasefrom...to...從……減少到……Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題2分，共14分)1．Abombexplodedandthetowercollapsed.Theexplosionwasheardamileaway.(explode)2．Somenaturalmysteriesoftheancienttimesarestillmysterioustopeopletoday.(mystery)3．Ireallyfeltmylifewasindangerwhenhedrovethecar.SoItoldhimdrivingfastwasdangerousandifhedidn’tslowdown，hewouldendangerourlives.(danger)4．HehadplannedtodepartonFriday，butthebadweatherdelayedhisdeparture.(depart)5．Theecologistwarnedthatwhattheydidmaybeathreattoglobalecologyandbreaktheecologicalbalance.(ecology)6．It’simportanttoconserveenergy.Infact，cheaperenergyconservationtechniqueshavebeenputintooperationinthedevelopedworld.(conserve)7．Multipleelementscausethealgae(藻類(lèi))tomultiplyathighspeed，oneofwhichiswastewater.(multiply)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題3分，共15分)eq\x(inconsequence，inharmonywith，outofcontrol，onbehalfof，owe...to...)1．Therewasnothingwecoulddoaboutit—thesituationwasoutofcontrol.2．Whenaskedaboutthesecrettowinningthecompetition，thegirlowedthesuccesstoherteachers.3．IwanttoexpressoursinceregratitudeforyourkindhelpwithourEnglishlearningonbehalfofthewholeclass.4．Everyonedesiresforfriendshipandinconsequence，itisofgreatsignificancetoknowhowtomakefriends.5．Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureandtheonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmonywithnature.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(xiě)(每小題3分，共15分)1．(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之鼓勵(lì)信)我必須說(shuō)清楚，不管發(fā)生什么，我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)支持你。(it作形式賓語(yǔ))ImustmakeitclearthatIwillsupportyouforever，nomatterwhathappens.2．(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之主旨升華)事實(shí)證明，幫助別人實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想讓我更快樂(lè)。(Itturnsoutthat...)Itturnsoutthathelpingothersrealizetheirdreamsgivesmemorepleasure.3．這個(gè)咖啡館是我第一次遇見(jiàn)我最好的朋友的地方。(where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)ThiscafeiswhereImetmybestfriendforthefirsttime.4．我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在中國(guó)度過(guò)的那個(gè)快樂(lè)而熱鬧的春節(jié)。(否定副詞置于句首引起的倒裝)NeverwillIforgetthehappyandlivelySpringFestivalIspentinChina.5．雖然又累又渴，但我們體驗(yàn)到了采摘桃子的樂(lè)趣。(狀語(yǔ)從句的省略)Althoughtiredandthirsty，weexperiencedthejoyofpickingpeaches.Incomparisonwiththepast，people’sawarenesshasbeenimproveddramaticallyandtheconservationareasarebecominglarger,1.whichmakesthenumberofanimalsmultiply.Besides,2.owing(owe)tothesubstantialinterventionofthegovernment，effectivemeasures3.aretaken(take)toprotecttheecologyandkeepthebiologicalbalance.4.Apparently(apparent)，alltheeffortsarerewarding.Morelawswhichprotectanimalsfrom5.beingkilled(kill)comeintoeffect，leadingtoaharmonious6.coexistence(coexist)betweenmankind7.andanimals.However,8.toprotect(protect)theendangeredrareanimalsanddecreasethespreadofinfectious9.viruses(virus)fromwildanimals，weneedtokeephumansfrominvadingtheirhabitatsandestablishmore10.natural(nature)reserves.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯decreasev．(使)減少，(使)變小n．減少·decrease(from...)to...(從……)減少到……decreaseby...降低了……decreasein...在……方面減少/減小/下降·onthedecrease在減少(1)Thankstothegovernment’sintervention，thenumberofthepatientshasdecreasedto/bythreehundred.(2)Lastyearwitnessedadistinctdecreaseinturnoverofthiscompany.(3)(圖表類(lèi)作文)如上圖所示，閱讀電子書(shū)而不是紙質(zhì)書(shū)的人數(shù)正在減少。Asisstatedintheabovegraph，thenumberofpeoplewhoreade-booksratherthanpaperbooksisdecreasing/onthedecrease.owev．應(yīng)該做；對(duì)……負(fù)有……的義務(wù)；欠(賬、錢(qián)、人情等)；歸功于……；應(yīng)感謝·owesbsth＝owesthtosb欠某人某物owesthtosb/sth把某事歸功于某人/某事oweittosbthat...把……歸功于某人·owingto因?yàn)?，由?1)(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之道歉信)我欠你一個(gè)道歉，因?yàn)橹芪逑挛缥椅茨芎湍阋黄鹑?shū)店。Ioweyouanapology/oweanapologytoyoufornotgoingtothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.(2)(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之感謝信)我在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)上的巨大進(jìn)步都?xì)w功于您，任何語(yǔ)言都不足以表達(dá)我衷心的感謝。IowemygreatprogressinEnglishlearningtoyou/IoweittoyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglishlearning，sonowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitude.(3)(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))大衛(wèi)在終點(diǎn)線(xiàn)氣喘吁吁地說(shuō)道：“正是因?yàn)槟墓膭?lì)，我才能夠克服內(nèi)心的恐懼，在越野賽中挑戰(zhàn)自我?！盌avidwasoutofbreathatthefinishingline，saying，“ItisowingtoyourencouragementthatIcanovercomemyinternalpanictochallengemyselfinthecross-countryrun.”comparisonn．比較(comparev．比較；匹敵；比喻；相比n．比較)·bycomparison相比之下，相較而言incomparisonwith與……相比較·compare...with...把……和……相比較compare...to...把……比作……beyond/withoutcompare無(wú)與倫比，舉世無(wú)雙·comparedto/with...和……相比(通常作狀語(yǔ))(1)(2021·全國(guó)乙，書(shū)面表達(dá))與過(guò)去相比，越來(lái)越多的青少年更喜歡在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)。相比之下，在線(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)的便利性和靈活性是無(wú)與倫比的，但青少年顯然會(huì)面臨更多的誘惑。因此，如何成為聰明的在線(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)者是非常重要的。Comparedto/with/Incomparisonwiththepast，moreandmoreteenagerspreferstudyingonline.Bycomparison，convenienceandflexibilityofonlinelearningisbeyond/withoutcompare，butteenagerswillapparentlyfacemoretemptations.Sohowtobesmartonlinelearnersisofgreatsignificance.(2)(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之倡議書(shū))書(shū)籍被比作人類(lèi)進(jìn)步的階梯，因此，我主張我們應(yīng)該在業(yè)余時(shí)間多讀書(shū)。Booksarecomparedtotheladderofhumanprogress，andhence，Iadvocatethatweshouldenjoymorebooksinoursparetime.(3)(2021·上海6月，書(shū)面表達(dá))在對(duì)比了這門(mén)課和那門(mén)課之后，我建議你選擇中文聽(tīng)說(shuō)課，這可以幫助你盡快適應(yīng)課堂。Aftercomparingthiscoursewiththatone，IrecommendyoutochooseChineselisteningandspeakingcourse，whichcanhelpyouadaptyourselftoclassassoonaspossible.dieout滅絕dieaway(聲音、風(fēng)、光線(xiàn)等)漸息；漸弱dieof死于(疾病、衰老、饑餓、悲傷等自身原因)diefrom死于(意外等外部原因)(be)dyingtodosth極想做某事bedyingforsth渴望/想要某物(1)Apparently，thegirlisdyingtoparticipate(participate)intheEnglishcontest.(2)It’ssaidthattherarebirddiedouthundredsofyearsago.(3)Accordingtostatistics，amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerasawoman.(4)(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之申請(qǐng)信)我渴望有機(jī)會(huì)成為一名志愿者。我的確希望您能給我這個(gè)寶貴的機(jī)會(huì)。Iamdyingtohave/forthechancetobeavolunteer.Idohopeyoucanoffermethepreciousopportunity.用法點(diǎn)撥表示“渴望”的短語(yǔ)還有：longfor，longtodo，behungryfor，bethirstyfor，desiretodo，bekeento，beeagerto，beanxiousto等。outofcontrol失去控制；無(wú)法管理incontrolof控制……inthecontrolof由……控制，被……控制undercontrol在控制之中beyondcontrol無(wú)法控制losecontrolof失去對(duì)……的控制takecontrolof控制……(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情感描寫(xiě))我的車(chē)在半山腰失去了控制，我的心都提到嗓子眼兒了。幸運(yùn)的是，我最終控制了我的車(chē)，我松了口氣。Mycarwasbeyondcontrol/outofcontrol/Ilostcontrolofmycarhalfwayupthehillandmyheartwasinmymouth.Luckily，Itookcontrolofmycar/mycarwasundercontrol/Iwasincontrolofmycar/mycarwasinthecontrolofmeintheendandIsighedinrelief.否定副詞置于句首引起的倒裝句N(xiāo)orwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants，includingroyalpenguins，kingpenguins，andelephantseals，existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.他們也不難想象出，數(shù)千年來(lái)，包括帝企鵝、王企鵝和象海豹在內(nèi)的當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)物是如何與其自然棲息地完美地和諧共存的。否定副詞置于句首，要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞)提到主語(yǔ)之前。這類(lèi)否定詞以及含有否定詞或否定意義的短語(yǔ)主要有：no，not，never，little，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，notuntil，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，nosooner...than...，hardly...when...，innosense，innoway，innocase，bynomeans，onnoaccount，atnotime，undernocircumstances等。(1)(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))我一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的消息，就愣在那里，不敢相信自己的耳朵。我從來(lái)沒(méi)有想到我會(huì)在寫(xiě)作比賽中獲得第一名。NosoonerhadIlearned/learntabouttheexcitingnewsthanIfrozethere，unabletobelievemyears.NeverhadIthoughtthatIwouldwinfirstprizeinthewritingcontest.(2)母親那句鼓舞人心的話(huà)仍然在我的腦海里回響：“在得到這份工作之前，你絕不能放棄。”Mymother’sinspiringwordsstillechoedinmymind，“Innoway/Onnoaccount/Undernocircumstancesshouldyougiveupbeforesecuringthisjob.”(3)(2023·上海6月，書(shū)面表達(dá))Thecameranotonlyrepresentsmychildhoodinthebestpossiblemannerbutitalsorepresentsmyloveforcapturingmoments.＝Notonlydoesthecamerarepresentmychildhoodinthebestpossiblemannerbutitalsorepresentsmyloveforcapturingmoments.(改寫(xiě)為倒裝句)(4)Ihardlythinkitpossibletofinishtheworkbeforedark.＝HardlydoIthinkitpossibletofinishtheworkbeforedark.(改寫(xiě)為倒裝句)(5)(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之升華句)直到我經(jīng)歷了這場(chǎng)事故，我才明白壞運(yùn)氣有可能是正在等待開(kāi)啟的門(mén)。①I(mǎi)wasn’tawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopeneduntilIexperiencedtheaccident.②NotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentwasIawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(改寫(xiě)為倒裝句)提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．trapeq\x(A.n.陷阱B.vt.使困住C.n.圈套；詭計(jì)D.vt.誘騙)(1)Someminersweretrappedundergroundafterthecollapse.B(2)Wereyoujustgoingtotrapherintomakingthedecision？D(3)(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.A(4)Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.C2．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的意思(1)Itispossibletomultiplythesebacteriainthelaboratory.(使)繁殖，增殖(2)Heisnotanythinglikehistwinsisterwhoisoutgoingandhasastrongappetiteforsuccess.強(qiáng)烈欲望(3)(2019·北京)Afterwards，sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner.獲得(4)(2020·浙江7月)Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.狀態(tài)Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．Althoughhefailedtolive(live)uptohisparents’expectations，hisdevotionwastosomeextentmeaningful.2．Inmyopinion，heisstubborn，whichmakesitimpossibletopersuadehimtoassistus.3．Mytwinsaredyingforaboxofchocolates，whilemywifeisdyingtosee(see)theexhibit.4．Trapped(trap)intheruins，thegirlstillheldapositiveattitude，expectingsomegenerouscomradestorescueher.5．Avanwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothefrontoftheclinic.6．Thespecialisthasanappetitefortravelinginhissparetimetorelieveheavypressure.7．Thenumberofwildanimalshasbeenonthedecreaseinthepastfewyears.8．It’smygreathonortodeliveraspeechonhowtobuildaharmoniouscampusonbehalfofmyschool.9．Bycomparison(compare)，Iwouldrathertakepartinthisrewardingandmeaningfulactivity.10．IoweittoyouthatIcanhandlethecultureshocksosuccessfully.假設(shè)你班最近召開(kāi)了一個(gè)關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)environmentalprotection的主題班會(huì)，請(qǐng)代表你所在的小組作一個(gè)主題發(fā)言。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：1.目前存在的環(huán)境問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象；2.為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，各國(guó)政府所做的努力；3.你的看法完成句子1．與過(guò)去相比，目前的環(huán)境保護(hù)仍然存在許多問(wèn)題。(comparison)2．由于人類(lèi)活動(dòng)，空氣、水和土壤的污染非常嚴(yán)重，對(duì)全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了不良影響。(owingto)3．動(dòng)物、森林和海洋資源的數(shù)量正在減少。(decrease)4．盡管面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，但許多國(guó)家的政府采取了許多有效的措施來(lái)保護(hù)脆弱的環(huán)境。(狀語(yǔ)從句的省略)5．直到每個(gè)國(guó)家和每個(gè)人都共同努力時(shí)，我們才能擁有一個(gè)更好的環(huán)境。(倒裝句)組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)和過(guò)渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。參考范文Dearclassmates，Ifeelgreatlyprivilegedtovoicemyopinionsaboutprotectingtheenvironmentonbehalfofmygroup.Incomparisonwiththepast，therearestillmanyproblemsofenvironmentalprotectionatpresent.Owingtohumanactivity，thepollutionofair，waterandsoilissoseriousthatithasabadeffectontheglobalecosystem.Forinstance，thenumberofanimals，forestsandsearesourcesisdecreasingandit’shightimetosavethemfromdisappearing.Althoughfacedwithseriouschallenges，governmentsofmanycountrieshavetakennumerouseffectivemeasurestoprotectthedelicateenvironment.AsfarasIamconcerned，notuntileverycountryandeveryindividualmakejointeffortscanwehaveabetterenvironment.Thanksforyourlistening.教材語(yǔ)料整合亮詞[生態(tài)環(huán)保描寫(xiě)]habitat；multiply；conservation；decrease；ecology；endangered美句Strongwindsandstormyseashavehelpedsculptitslong，thinshape.Thegreengrassandbarerockofitslandscapecontrastdramatically，givingitawildandnaturalbeauty.(環(huán)境描寫(xiě))拓展語(yǔ)料積累動(dòng)作細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)：看(一)單詞see看見(jiàn)watch觀看observe觀察view把……視為spot注意到，發(fā)現(xiàn)詞塊lockone’seyeson盯著take/castaglanceat...向……看一眼gapeat目瞪口呆地看comeintoview進(jìn)入視野eyeswiden瞪大眼睛peepat/through偷看glanceat/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/環(huán)視/回頭看/向上看/向下看catchaglimpseof瞥見(jiàn)stealaglanceat偷偷瞥一眼句型Itiptoedforwardandglancedbackovermyshoulderfromtimetotimetomakesurethatnoonewasfollowingme.我踮著腳尖向前走，不時(shí)回頭看一眼，以確保沒(méi)有人在跟蹤我。Seeingnootherpeoplenoticeme，IplacedtheChristmaspresentdown，poundedthedoorbellandthenhidquicklybehindabigtree，peepingatthedoorway.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))看到?jīng)]有人注意到我，我放下圣誕禮物，按了按門(mén)鈴，然后迅速躲在一棵大樹(shù)后面，向門(mén)口窺視。Jamescameout，glancedaroundandspottedthebox，hiseyeswideninginsurprise.(動(dòng)作鏈描寫(xiě))詹姆斯走了出來(lái)，環(huán)顧四周，發(fā)現(xiàn)了盒子，他驚訝地睜大了眼睛。Hearingthat，Igapedatmymother，withmyeyesopeninsurprise.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))聽(tīng)了這話(huà)，我驚訝地瞪大眼睛看著母親。Watchingwhatmysonshaddone，Icouldn’thelpexclaiming，“Howwarm-heartedtheyare！”(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))看著兒子們所做的一切，我不禁驚呼：“他們真是太熱心了！”語(yǔ)料運(yùn)用植樹(shù)造林AforestcameintoviewandIglancedaround，enjoyingthesurroundingbeautifulscenery.Myuncletoldme“①Thehabitatsofanimalsaswellastheecologyoftheareahadbeendestroyedandtheforestusedtobeawasteland.Later，owingtosomeconservationmeasures，thisforestappearedagain.”②Hearingthat，Igapedatmyuncle，withmyeyesopeninsurprise(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))．Thedeeperwewalked，themoreanimalswespottedintheforest.Someanimalslockedtheireyesonuscuriouslywhilesomejust③peepedat/stoleaglanceatustimidly.④Watchingtheselovelyanimalsandgreentrees(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))，Icouldn’thelpexclaiming，“Thewaythenaturetreatsusisthesamewetreatit.Toliveinharmonywithit，weareexpectedtorespectit.”一片森林映入眼簾，我環(huán)顧四周，欣賞著周?chē)拿谰?。我叔叔告訴我：“動(dòng)物的棲息地和這個(gè)地區(qū)的生態(tài)都被破壞了，這片森林曾經(jīng)是一片荒地。后來(lái)，由于一些保護(hù)措施，這片森林又出現(xiàn)了?！甭?tīng)了這話(huà)，我驚訝地瞪大眼睛，目瞪口呆地看著叔叔。我們走得越深，在森林里看到的動(dòng)物就越多。有些動(dòng)物好奇地盯著我們，有些動(dòng)物只是膽怯地瞟了我們一眼?？粗@些可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物和綠樹(shù)，我不禁感嘆道：“大自然對(duì)待我們的方式和我們對(duì)待它的方式是一樣的。為了與它和諧相處，我們應(yīng)該尊重它?！备呖碱}型組合練29提示：帶★的文章和單元主題相關(guān)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThroughoutalltheeventsinmylife，oneinparticularsticksoutmorethantheothers.AsIreflectonthissignificantevent，asmilespreadsacrossmyface.AsIthinkofShanda，Ifeellovedandgrateful.Itwasmytwelfthyearofdancing，Ithoughtitwouldenduplikeanyotheryear：stuckinemptiness，forgottenandwithoutthebeliefofanyteacherorfriendthatIreallyhadthepotentialtoachievegreatness.However，ImetShanda，ayoung，talentedchoreographer(編舞者)．Sheinfluencedmetoworktothebestofmyability，pushedmetokeepgoingwhenIwantedtogiveup，encouragedmeandshowedmetherealimportanceofdancing.Throughoutourhardwork，notonlydidmyabilitytodancegrow，butmyfriendshipwithShandagrewaswell.Withtheendoftheyearcameourshowtime.AsIwalkedtoabackstagefilledwithotherdancers，Ihopedforagoodperformancethatwouldprovemyimprovement.Iwaitedanxiouslyformyturn.Finally，afterwhatseemedlikedays，theloudspeakerannouncedmyname.ButterfliesfilledmystomachasItooktremblingstepsontothebiglightedstage.But，withthedeterminationtosucceedandeagernesstoliveuptoShanda’sexpectationsforme，Ibegantodance.AllmytroublesandnerveswentawayasIdancedmywholeheartout.AsIwalkeduptothejudgetoreceivemyfirst-placeshining，goldtrophy(獎(jiǎng)杯)，Irealizedthatdanceisnotaboutbecomingthebest.Itisaboutlovingdancefordanceitself，agetawayfromallmyproblemsintheworld.Shandashowedmethatyoucouldleteverythinggoandjustdancewhatyoufeelatthatmoment.Afterallthedoubtsthatpeoplehadinme，Ibelievedinmyselfanddidnotcarewhatothersthought.ThankstoShanda，dancebecamemorethanaloveofmine，butapassion.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在編舞者杉達(dá)的幫助下，重燃對(duì)舞蹈的熱情，最終獲得金牌的故事。1．Whatdidtheauthorthinkherdancingwouldbeforthetwelfthyear?A．Achangeforthebetter.B．Adisappointmentasbefore.C．Aproofofherpotential.D．Aprideofherteachersandfriends.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Itwasmytwelfthyearofdancing，Ithoughtitwouldenduplikeanyotheryear：stuckinemptiness，forgottenandwithoutthebeliefofanyteacherorfriendthatIreallyhadthepotentialtoachievegreatness.”可知，作者認(rèn)為第十二年她的舞蹈會(huì)和以前一樣使人失望。故選B。2．HowdidShandahelptheauthor?A．Byofferingherfinancialhelp.B．Byenteringherinacompetition.C．Bycoachingherforlongerhours.D．Byawakeningherpassionfordancing.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Sheinfluencedmetoworktothebestofmyability，pushedmetokeepgoingwhenIwantedtogiveup，encouragedmeandshowedmetherealimportanceofdancing.”可知，杉達(dá)鼓勵(lì)作者，向作者展示了舞蹈真正的重要性，喚醒了作者對(duì)于舞蹈的熱情，以此來(lái)幫助作者。故選D。3．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesteppedonthestage?A．Proud. B．Nervous.C．Scared. D．Relieved.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“ButterfliesfilledmystomachasItooktremblingstepsontothebiglightedstage.”可知，登上舞臺(tái)時(shí)，作者感到很緊張?！癇utterfliesinone’sstomach”為俚語(yǔ)，意為“心里緊張，七上八下”。故選B。4．Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sstory?A．Successliesinpatience.B．Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.C．Agoodteachermatters.D．Ayouthistobetreatedwithrespect.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段及最后一段末句“ThankstoShanda，dancebecamemorethanaloveofmine，butapassion.”可推知，好的老師很重要。故選C。B(★)Anewstudyfoundsomeprimates(靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi))areleavingtheirtreehomesandspendingmoretimeontheground.LedbyTimothyEppley，PhD，scientistsstudiednearly50speciesofmonkeysandlemurs(狐猴)tolookatthereasonbehindthesechanges.About15yearsago，Eppleyworkedwithsouthernbamboolemurs，whichwereknowntospendmostoftheirdaysinthetrees，feedingonbambooleaves.However，hewassurprisedtofindtheselemurswerespendingmosttimeonthegroundandhadanincrediblydiversediet.Hewonderedwhetherhabitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredrivingthemtomovetotheground.Thisinspiredhimtobeginthisstudy.HereachedouttoeveryresearcherhecouldfindwhomayhavesignificantdataonprimatesfromMadagascarortheAmericas，thetwoplaceswithalmostalltree-dwellingprimates.Eppleyexaminedmorethan150,000hoursofdataobservedon32monkeyspeciesand15lemurspeciesat68sites.Hefoundthattheyspentanaverageofonly2.5%oftheirtimeonthegroundeachmonth.Butthefindingsshowedsomeinterestingdifferences.“Ashabitatsaredegradedandtheclimateworsens，primatesthatareflexibleenoughtoadaptbecauseoftheirdiversedietsorliveinlargergroupsmaybemorelikelytoshifttolifeontheground，”Eppleysays.“However，otherspeciesthatrelyonfruitdietsorliveinsmallgroupsarelessadaptableandarelesswillingtoleavethetrees.Forthesespecies，wewillstillneedtoenforcefastandeffectiveconservationstrategiestoensuretheirsurvival.”Althoughmovingtothegroundhassomeadvantagesincertainsituations，primatescanfaceproblemswhentheyleavethetrees.Theycanbecomevictimsofotheranimalsanddiseases.Besides，theywillbefacedwithfindingappropriatefoodresourcesontheground，thushavingabroadorflexibledietisimportant.Primatesareimportantseedspreaderswithintheirforesthabitats.Thelossofprimateswouldleadtonegativeeffectsontheecosystem.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：因?yàn)樯值钠茐囊约皻夂蜃兓沟靡恍╈`長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物被迫選擇了到地面生活。5．WhydidTimothyEppleybeginhisstudy?A．Totrytomakeprimatesmoreadaptive.B．Tostudyhowmonkeysdifferfromlemurs.C．Tofigureoutthereasonforthelossofbamboo.D．Tofindoutwhyprimatesareturningtotheground.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句和第二段中“Hewonderedwhetherhabitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredrivingthemtomovetotheground.Thisinspiredhimtobeginthisstudy.”可知，TimothyEppley開(kāi)始研究是想找出靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物選擇地面生活的原因。故選D。6．HowdidTimothyEppleycarryouthisresearch?A．Bydoingexperiments.B．Byobservinginthewild.C．Bystudyingcollecteddata.D．Byinterviewingthelocals.答案C解析推理判斷題。第四段講到“Eppleyexaminedmorethan150,000hoursofdataobservedon32monkeyspeciesand15lemurspeciesat68sites.”可知，Eppley通過(guò)分析收集到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。故選C。7．Whichkindofprimatesaremorelikelytocomedownfromtrees?A．Thoseeatingdiversediets.B．Thosewithalargesize.C．Thosefeedingmainlyonfruits.D．Thoselivinginsmallgroups.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段講到“primatesthatareflexibleenoughtoadaptbecauseoftheirdiversedietsorliveinlargergroupsmaybemorelikelytoshifttolifeontheground”可知，那些飲食多樣化的靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物更傾向于到地面生活。故選A。8．Whatwillbecomeaconcernaccordingtothestudy?A．Animalswillbecomelessadaptive.B．Theforestecosystemwillbecomeworse.C．Morenaturalhabitatswillbelost.D．Moreanimal-relateddiseaseswillappear.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段講到“Primatesareimportantseedspreaderswithintheirforesthabitats.Thelossofprimateswouldleadtonegativeeffectsontheecosystem.”可知，在森林里靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物是植物種子的重要傳播者，如果它們到地面上棲息，將會(huì)影響森林的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B。C(★)Warmeroceanscancausecoral(珊瑚)bleaching.Bleachinghappenswhenthecoral，coloniesoftinyanimalscalledpolyps，losecoloredalgae(藻類(lèi))livingintheirbodiesandturncompletelywhite.Withoutthealgae，thecorallosesitsmainfoodsourceandcandie.In2021，theUnitedNationsreporteda14percentlossofcoralsacrosstheworldlargelyfromrisingseatemperaturesintheprevious13years.Australiadeclaredmassbleachingeventsin2022acrosslargepartsoftheGreatBarrierReef，thefourthsince2016.ReefsinHawaii，F(xiàn)lorida，andtheCaribbeanwereallseverelyaffected，butthankfullysomecoralareaswerenot.Scientistslookedintothecharacteristicsofthesecoralsandtheirecosystemstoseehowotherscouldbeprotected.Warmwaterreefsinthetropicsaretheworstaffectedbybleaching，buttheyalsocontaincoralswithbetterheatresistance.Researchisfocusedonfindinggenesforheattolerancesothattheycanbepassedontofuturegenerations.Biologistsmixcoralsthataremoreresilienttohighertemperatureswiththosethatarenotandtheresultinghybridgenerationhasabetterchanceofsurvival.ResearchersinFlorida’sreefshavebeenusingoceannurseriestoreplantcoralwithbatchesthatcontaingenesresistanttoheat，acidification，anddisease.Thoseareashaverecoveredwithinayear.OtherprojectslikeReviveandRestoreareusingmethodslikepreservingoldercoralpopulations’spermandeggs(biobanking)andusingcoralswithbetteradaptabilitycharacteristicsinbreeding.Theprojectalsobelievesthatboostingbiodiversitybyrestoring(恢復(fù))seabirdstoislands，andriddingthemofinvasivespecieslikerats，helpscoralreefsthrive.Ultimately，scientistssaythatwithoutaseriousreductioningreenhousegasemissions,99percentoftheworld’scoralreefswillbegonebytheendofthecentury.Thereisalimittohowquicklycoralcanadapt，especiallygiventherateofclimatechange.Computersimulationshaveshownthatmildormoderatewarmingallowscoraltoadapt，butiftemperaturesriserapidlythenextinctioniscertain.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述珊瑚的現(xiàn)狀及應(yīng)對(duì)珊瑚消亡的策略。9．Whatmainlycausescoralbleaching?A．Lossofalgae. B．Lackoffood.C．Warmoceans. D．Oceanpollution.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Warmeroceanscancausecoral(珊瑚)bleaching...thecorallosesitsmainfoodsourceandcandie.”可知，日益變暖的海洋可能會(huì)引起珊瑚白化，但根本原因是當(dāng)生存在珊瑚體內(nèi)的有色藻類(lèi)植物喪失以后，珊瑚就會(huì)變白，珊瑚的白化現(xiàn)象也就出現(xiàn)了。故選A。10．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Coralreefsintropicsare