專題04-2說明文議論文閱讀理解精練20篇

專題04閱讀理解說明文議論文精練20篇2022年秋九年級上學期英語開學考試匯編Passage1（2021·湖南·長沙市九年級上學期開學考試）Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood,takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthourseverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butregardlessofage,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,overhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleepdeprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure.Whyaresomanypeoplesleepdeprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas“l(fā)azy”.Also,youcansometimehearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep,andtheyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaas,anexpertinsleep.Hesays,“Sleepislikeacreditcard.Whenyousleepless,youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyour‘sleepcreditcard’.”Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid,“Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolishideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.”1．Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto________.A．eathealthyfoodeverydayB．takeexerciseasmuchaspossibleC．sleepeighthoursormorethaneighthourseverynight2．Whatdoes“sleepdeprived”meaninParagraph2?A．Havingagoodsleep. B．Excitedaboutsleep. C．Havinglesssleep.3．AccordingtoDr.JamesMass,whatissleeplike?A．Anhour. B．Areport. C．Acreditcard.4．WhatdothewordsofthefamouspersonmeaninParagraph5?A．Sleepingduringthenightishelpful. B．Peoplehavenoimagination. C．Peoplealwaysdolesswork.5．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheValueofSleep B．TheValueofStudy C．TheWaysofEatingLess【答案】1．C2．C3．C4．A5．A【解析】文章大意：睡眠是最簡單也是最便宜的改善健康的方法，同時還介紹了睡眠少的危害以及睡眠對工作的影響。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthourseverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.”可知改善健康最簡單也是最便宜的方法就是每晚睡八個小時。故選C。2．詞義猜測題。結合語境和上下文“Theproblemwithsleepisthatmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.”以及“Havinglesssleep…”可知根據世界衛(wèi)生組織的數據，世界上有一半以上的人睡眠不足，所以這里“sleepdeprived”可理解為睡眠不足。故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“Sleepislikeacreditcard.”可知他認為睡眠就像一張信用卡。故選C。4．判斷推理題。根據最后一段中“Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolishideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.”可知認為晚上睡覺會使工作做得少的想法是荒謬的，其實反而能做得更多，由此推斷出夜間睡覺是有所助益的。故選A。5．最佳標題題。結合全文內容，尤其是第一段中“Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthourseverynight.”和第四段第一句“Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?”可知睡眠是最簡單也是最便宜的改善健康的方法，文章主要介紹了睡眠對健康和工作的重要性，也就是睡眠的價值。故選A。Passage2（2021·浙江·臺州市九年級上學期開學考試）“Allrightthen—justonemorepiece...”Wordseverygirlhassaidwhentheyarefacedwiththedeliciouscheesecake.Ofcourse,manyofusknowwemayeatthewholethingintheend.Itisn’tjustgirls.Mostofusfindithardtosay‘no’tosomethingattractive.However,scientistsnowsaythatwillpower(意志力)isveryimportantforsuccessandahappylife.Scientistsindifferentcountrieshavebeenstudyingtheinfluenceofwillpoweronpeople’slivesforalongtime.Inoneexperiment(實驗),scientiststoldyoungchildrenthattheycouldeitherhavecandynow,ortwocandiesin15minutes.Waitingofcourseneededmorewillpower.Scientiststhencontinuedstudyingthechildrenastheygrewup.Theywantedtoseeifsomechildrenalwayshadstrongerwillpower.Theyalsowantedtoseehowhavingstrongerwillpowerinfluencedtheirlives.Yearslater,scientistsfoundthatthechildrenwhohadwaitedfortwocandieswereallhealthier,happierandricheradults.Oppositely（可能）tobeinlowpaidjobs,tobeoverweight,tohavesocialproblems.Butthereishope,RoyFBaumeister,anAmericansocialpsychology(心理學)experttoldusthatwecantrainourwillpowerjustlikewetrainourmuscles(肌肉).

Evenalittlepracticecanstrengthenouroverallselfcontrolifwedoitregularly.Youcouldstartbymakingyourselfstandupstraight,speakinginpletesentences,orusingaputermousewiththeotherhand.Scientistshavefoundthatpeoplewhomanagetochange

littlehabitsoftenperformmuchbetterinlaboratorywillpowertests.Likemuscles,willpowercan“gettired”.Don’ttrytodotoomanythingsatthesametime,orwhenyoudon’thaveenoughenergy,forexample,whenyouareill.Ifyoualreadyfeeltired,youcantrytorecharge(恢復)yourwillpowerwithagoodnight’ssleepandbyeatingwell.6．Theexampleofagirleatingcheesecakeisusedto_________.A．provethatgirlsusuallyhaveweakwillpowerB．introducethetopicofwillpowertothereadersC．describegirls’specialloveforcheesecakeD．showtherelationshipsbetweenwillpowerandsuccess7．Whatdidthescientistsconclude（得出結論）fromtheexperiment?_________A．Willpowerhasnoinfluenceonpeople’slivesatall.B．Willpoweristhemostimportanttosuccessandahappylife.C．Thechildrenwhochoseonlyonecandywouldbepooralltheirlives.D．Thechildrenwhohavestrongerwillpoweraremoresuccessfulintheirlives.8．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutthetrainingofwillpower?_________A．Setagoaleveryday.B．Haveagoodrestandeatwell.C．Practiceinaproperway.D．Avoidusingwillpowertoomuch.9．Thepassagemainlytellsus

_________.A．willpowerandmusclesaresimilarandtheycanbetrainedB．willpowerinfluencespeople’slivesanditissimilartomusclesC．willpowerisveryimportanttosuccessanditcanbedevelopedD．willpowerisconnectedwithsuccessandtheyinfluenceeachother【答案】6．B7．D8．A9．C【解析】本文主要介紹了意志力對我們生活的影響以及如何培養(yǎng)意志力。6．推理判斷題。根據第二段“However,scientistsnowsaythatwillpower(意志力)isveryimportantforsuccessandahappylife.”科學家們現在認為，意志力對于成功和幸福的生活是非常重要的，據此推斷本文講了女孩的例子是為了引出本文的主題。故選B。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Yearslater,scientistsfoundthatthechildrenwhohadwaitedfortwocandieswereallhealthier,happierandricheradults.”多年后，科學家們發(fā)現，那些等了兩顆糖的孩子都是更健康、更快樂、更富有的成年人?？芍?，實驗表明意志力強的孩子在生活中更成功。故選D。8．細節(jié)判斷題。根據“Ifyoualreadyfeeltired,youcantrytorecharge(恢復)yourwillpowerwithagoodnight’ssleepandbyeatingwell.”可知，文中講到了好好休息，好好吃飯；根據“Evenalittlepracticecanstrengthenouroverallselfcontrolifwedoitregularly.”可知，意志力需要有規(guī)律地得到鍛煉，也就是用正確的方式鍛煉，C項在文中也提到了；根據“Likemuscles,willpowercan“gettired””可知，意志力也會疲勞，所以不能過度使用，D項在文中也提到了；綜合判斷，文中沒有提到“每天設定一個目標”。故選A。9．主旨大意題。根據第二段“However,scientistsnowsaythatwillpower(意志力)isveryimportantforsuccessandahappylife.”和第四段“anAmericansocialpsychology（心理學）experttoldusthatwecantrainourwillpowerjustlikewetrainourmuscles(肌肉)”可知，本文主要告訴我們意志力對成功非常重要，它是可以培養(yǎng)的。選C。Passage3（2021·福建·三明一中九年級上學期開學考試）Weusuallythinkthatplantsalwaysstayquietandneverspeak.Grassdoesn’tcrywhenyoucutit;flowersdon’tshoutwhenpeoplepickthem.Butinfactplantstalktoeachotherallthetime.Theirlanguageisoneofchemicals.Overtheyears,scientistshavefoundthatdifferenttypesofplants,fromtreestotomatoes（復合物）intotheairtohelpneighboringplants.ScientistsfromKyotoUniversityinJapanlookedattomatoplantsthatwasbitten（被咬）byinsects.Tostartout,theygrewplantsintwobagsandjoinedthebagswithatube（管子）.Oneplantwasbittenbyinsects.Theotherwasclean.Theyfoundthatwheninsectsbiteplantleaves,theplantsdon’tsitquietly.Theysendachemicalcalled“hexvic”intotheair.Humanscan’tnoticeit,butthesechemicalscarryasmellthatneighboringplantscannotice.Thiswaythesamescientistsputinsectsonthecleanplants.Theplantswereabletokillnearly50%oftheinsects,muchmorethantheirsickneighbors.Itwassurprisingthattheplantsthathadnotbeenbittendidn’tsendthechemicaluntiltheyreceivedthemessagefromtheirinfested（受侵的）neighbor,thescientistssaid.Thesefindingscouldbeusedtohelpfarmerswiththecontroloftheinsectswhichharmtheirplants.10．Whenbittenbyinsects,thetomatoplant________.A．stayedquietwithoutdoinganything B．diedrightawayafterthatC．sentoutachemicaltohelpothers D．wouldn’tbehurtagain11．Theunderlinedword“insects”means________inChinese.A．昆蟲 B．蜜蜂 C．農藥 D．家禽12．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A．Tomatoplantsareeasilybittenbyinsects.B．The“hexvic”canprotectplantsthemselves.C．Hexviccanhelpplantskillalltheinsectsnearthem.D．Plantswon’tgiveoffchemicalsuntiltheyarehurt.13．Wecanpossiblyfindthepassageina________.A．moviemagazine B．musicnewspaper C．sciencebook D．travelad14．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．GrowingTomatoes. B．TalkingPlants. C．HarmfulChemicals. D．ScientificResearches.【答案】10．C11．A12．B13．C14．B【解析】本文是一篇說明文，向我們介紹植物之間無時無刻不在進行交流，它們的語言是一種化學物質。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據“Theyfoundthatwheninsectsbiteplantleaves,theplantsdon’tsitquietly.Theysendachemicalcalled‘hexvic’intotheair.Humanscan’tnoticeit,butthesechemicalscarryasmellthatneighboringplantscannotice.”可知，當昆蟲叮咬植物葉子時，植物不會安靜地坐著，它們將一種叫做“hexvic”的化學物質釋放到空氣中，人類察覺不到，但這些化學物質攜帶著一種鄰近的植物能察覺到的氣味。故選C。11．詞義猜測題。根據“ScientistsfromKyotoUniversityinJapanlookedattomatoplantsthatwasbittenbyinsects.”可知，科學家們研究了被昆蟲咬傷的番茄植株，此處insects的意思是“昆蟲”，故選A。12．推理判斷題。根據“butthesechemicalscarryasmellthatneighboringplantscannotice.Thiswaythesamescientistsputinsectsonthecleanplants.Theplantswereabletokillnearly50%oftheinsects,muchmorethantheirsickneighbor.”可知，但是這些化學物質攜帶著一種鄰近的植物能注意到的氣味，通過這種方法科學家們把昆蟲放在干凈的植物上，這些植物能夠殺死近50%的昆蟲，遠遠超過它們生病的鄰居。所以“hexvic”可以保護植物本身，故選B。13．推理判斷題。本文是一篇科普文，向我們介紹植物之間無時無刻不在進行交流，它們的語言是一種化學物質。所以可能在科學書中看到，故選C。14．最佳標題題。本文向我們介紹植物之間無時無刻不在進行交流，它們的語言是一種化學物質。故選B。Passage4（2020·浙江·瑞安市九年級上學期開學考試）December27,2019wasanexcitingdayforChinesepeople.China’sbiggestandmostpowerfulrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunchedinHainanonthatday.The57metertallrocketisthetallestandstrongestrocketinChina.SincetheLongMarch5ismuchbiggerthanothersintheLongMarchrockets,ithasbeennicknamed“Chubby5”,accordingtoChinaDaily.Therocketisabletocarrythingsweighingupto25,000kilogramstheweightof16midsizecars,ChinaDailynoted.Thispayloadisabout2.5timesgreaterthananyotherChineserocket.TheLongMarch5isthethirdmostpowerfulrocketintheworld.OurChinesescientistsarereallyproudofit.DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20thsatellite,China’slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intospace.Inadditiontosendingthesatelliteintospace,thelaunchalsotestedseveralprojectsthatwereusedtoimprovetherocket’sbasicskills.ItalsotestedthekeyprojectthatwillbeusedtotaketheChange5probetothemoon,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceCenter.Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina’sfifthlunarexpedition,aswellastoplacepartsofChina’sspacestationintospace.“In2021,wewillusetheLongMarch5tolaunchtheChange’s5probetothemoonandalsosendaspecialprobetoMars,”saidWangXiaojun,theprojectmanageroftheLongMarch5.15．WhatdoweknowabouttheLongMarch5?A．Itwaslaunchedatthestartof2019. B．ItwaslaunchedinXichang.C．Itisthetallestrocketintheworld. D．ItisthebiggestLongMarchrocket.16．WhatisthepayloadoftheLongMarch5?A．It’smorethan2,500kilograms. B．It’sthreetimesgreaterthanothers’.C．It’supto25,000kilograms. D．It’stheweightof16midsizebuses.17．ScientistsusedtheLongMarch5launchto________.A．improvethesatellite’sbasicskills B．haveChina’sfifthlunarexpeditionC．sendaspecialprobetothemoon D．sendChina’sheaviesthomemadesatelliteintospace18．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowChina’sspacestationwillbebuilt.B．WhentheLongMarch5willbesendtotheMars.C．WhattheLongMarch5willbeusedforinthefuture.D．WhythescientistswillsendtheLongMarch5tothemoon.【答案】15．D16．C17．D18．C【解析】這篇短文主要講述了中國最大，最強大的火箭——長征五號。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“China’sbiggestandmostpowerfulrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunchedinHainanonthatday.”可知，它是最大的長征火箭。故選D。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“Therocketisabletocarrythingsweighingupto25,000kilogramstheweightof16midsizecars,ChinaDailynoted.”可知，高達25000公斤。故選C。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20thsatellite,China’slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intospace.”可知，科學家們利用長征5號將中國最重的自制衛(wèi)星送入太空。故選D。18．段落大意題。根據最后一段“Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina’sfifthlunarexpedition,aswellastoplacepartsofChina’sspacestationintospace…”可知，最后一段主要講述了長征5號未來的用途。故選C。Passage5（2020·浙江·瑞安市九年級上學期開學考試）InEnglish,feeling“blue”makespeoplethinkoffeelingsad.Butin2021,theword“blue”couldbeconnectedtosomethingmorehopeful.ThePantoneColorResearchCenterintheUSleadscolortrendseveryyear.For2021,ithaschosen“classicblue”,acolorthatremindspeopleoftheskybeforenight.Thereasonisthatitbrings“calm,confidenceandconnection,”accordingtoPantone.In2020,peopleallovertheworldfacebigchallenges,weatherchange,COVID19,homelessness....alloftheseproblemsmakeusfeelnervousandworried.ButasPantonePresidentLauriePressmansaid,“Thecolorofclassicbluealwaysbringssomethingrelaxing.”Imaginethatyouarelyingdownonthegroundandlookingattheeveningsky.Lookingatthedarkblueskywillmakeyoufeelcalmandrelaxed,aswellasmakeyouthinkonadeeperlevel.Pantonesaidthatclassicblueconnectspeopleeverywhereaswealllookupatoursharedsky.Thisisacolorwecanbeconnectedtoaroundtheworld,nomatterwherewelive.Welookoutsidethedoorandweseethiscolor,Pressmansaid.Classicbluealsoplaysintothesustainabilitymovement,aspeoplethinkoftimeswhenthingsweresimplerandmorefortable.“Likebluejeans,it’salwaysthereandyou’refortablewithit,”saidPressman,whothinksclassicblueistimelessandneveroutofstyle.Ifthecolorisalwaysinstyle,peoplewon’tthrow“classicblue”thingsaway.Wecanbuyfewerproductsandsavemoreresources.Soifyouwanttoaddsomenewthings,choosesomethingbluetokeepupwiththelatesttrend.19．Pantonechose“classicblue”asthecolorof2021because________.A．itisthecoloroftheirwebsite B．itconnectswithproblemsinourlifeC．morepeoplearefeelingsadthesedays D．itmakespeoplefeelcalmandconfident20．Paragraph7trytoexplain________.A．whypeoplelovewearingbluejeans B．whenclassicbluewillbeoutofstyleC．whyclassicbluemakespeoplefortable D．howclassicbluecanprotecttheenvironment21．Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthestory?A．Peoplewillfacemorechallengesin2021.B．Peoplewillfeelnervouswithbluethingsaround.C．Theremightbemanynewclassicblueproductsin2021.D．Classicbluemakesithardforpeopletofeelconnectedwithothers.22．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．BlueJeansin2021 B．Feel“Blue”in2020C．TryFeeling“Blue”in2021 D．theBlueSkybeforeNight【答案】19．D20．D21．C22．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了2021年藍色所意味的新含義。19．細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段中的“Thereasonisthatitbrings“calm,confidenceandconnection”可知，Pantone選“經典藍”作為2021年的顏色因為這個顏色能讓人感到平靜和自信，故選D。20．主旨大意題。根據文章第七段中的“Ifthecolorisalwaysinstyle,peoplewon’tthrow“classicblue”thingsaway.Wecanbuyfewerproductsandsavemoreresources”可知，第七段主要解釋了經典藍怎么保護環(huán)境的，故選D。21．推理判斷題。通讀全文以及文章最后一段“Soifyouwanttoaddsomenewthings,choosesomethingbluetokeepupwiththelatesttrend”可知，2021年“經典藍”會成為流行色，可能會出現許多這種顏色的新產品，故選C。22．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了2021年藍色所意味的新含義，選項C“2021試著感受“藍色”最符合語境，故選C。Passage6（2021·山東·德州市陵城區(qū)第三中學九年級上學期開學考試）ManychildrenusetheInternettogetusefulknowledge(知識)andinformation,andtorelaxintheirfreetime.Butsomeofthemarenotusingitinagoodway.HerearesomerulestomakesureyouaresafeandhavefunontheInternet.◆MakerulesforInternetusewithyourparents.Forexample,whenyoucangoonline,forhowlongandwhatactivitiesyoucandoonline.◆Don'tgiveyourpassword(密碼)toanyoneelse,andnevergiveoutthefollowinginformation:yourrealname,homeaddress,age,school,phonenumberorotherpersonalinformation.◆Checkwithyourparentsbeforegivingoutacredit(信用)cardnumber.◆Neversendaphotoofyourselftosomeoneinemailunless(除非)yourparentssayit'sOK.◆Checkwithyourparentsbeforegoingintoachat(聊天)room.Differentchatroomshavedifferentrulesandattractdifferentkindsofpeople.Youandyourparentswillwanttomakesureit'sarightplaceforyou.◆NeveragreetomeetsomeoneyoumetontheInternetwithoutyourparent'spermission(允許).Nevermeetanyoneyoumetonlinealone.◆Alwaysrememberthatpeopleonlinemaynotbewhotheysaytheyare.Treat(視為)everyoneonlineasiftheywerestrangers.◆Ifsomethingyouseeorreadonlinemakesyouunfortable(不舒服),leavethesite.Tellaparentorteacherrightaway.◆Treatotherpeopleasyou'dliketobetreated.Neverusebadlanguage.◆Remember—noteverythingyoureadontheInternetistrue.23．Thewritertellschildrento________.A．sendtheirownphotostohim B．makerulesforInternetusewithparentsC．believeeverythingtheyreadontheInternet D．giveouttheirpersonalinformation24．It'sgoodforchildrento________ontheInternet.A．givepasswordtoothers B．getusefulknowledgeandinformationC．giveoutacreditcardnumber D．gointoachatroomasthey'dliketo25．Whatshouldn'tbedonewhenyouareonline?________.A．Usingbadlanguage B．SendingmessagesandemailsC．Leavingthesiteifyoufeelunfortable D．Treatingeveryoneonlineasstrangers26．Ifyourparentsdon'tagree,never________.A．readanythingontheInternetB．relaxinyourfreetimeC．haveafacetofacemeetingwithanyoneyoumetonlineD．treatotherpeopleasyou'dliketobetreated27．Thebesttitleforthispassageis"________".A．Howtouseputers B．SurfingontheInternetC．InformationontheInternet D．Internetsafetyrules【答案】23．B24．B25．A26．C27．D【解析】文章主要針對青少年上網問題，向他們提出了幾點需要注意的上網安全規(guī)則。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“MakerulesforInternetusewithyourparents.”可知，要和父母一起制定上網規(guī)則，故選B。24．細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“ManychildrenusetheInternettogetusefulknowledge(知識)andinformation,andtorelaxintheirfreetime.”及下文描述可知，作者認為孩子們上網獲取有益信息是有好處的，故選B。25．細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“Treatotherpeopleasyou'dliketobetreated.Neverusebadlanguage.”可知，對待別人就像你希望別人對待你一樣。不要說臟話。故選A。26．細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“NeveragreetomeetsomeoneyoumetontheInternetwithoutyourparent'spermission(允許).Nevermeetanyoneyoumetonlinealone.”可知，未經父母允許，千萬不要單獨在網上認識的人見面，故選C。27．最佳標題題。根據文中“HerearesomerulestomakesureyouaresafeandhavefunontheInternet.”及整個文章的理解可知，這篇短文主要針對青少年上網問題，向他們提出了幾點需要注意的上網安全規(guī)則，故選D。Passage7（2021·山東·德州市陵城區(qū)第三中學九年級上學期開學考試）Howdoyoudealwithplasticbagsfromthesupermarket?Throwthemawayorreusethem?Howabouteatingthem?EnvigreeninIndiahasmadeabagwith12naturalingredients(食材),suchaspotatoes,vegetableoilsandbananas.Itlooksandfeelsjustliketheusualplasticbag,butcanbreakdown.Thebagsaren’tharmfultotheenvironment.Bothhumansandanimalscansafelyeatthem.ThefounderofEnvigreen,AshwathHedge,spentfouryearstryingthemout.AlthoughtheEnvigreenbagsaremuchmoreexpensivethanthoseusualplasticbags,theyaregoodforourenvironment.Usually,ittakesabout1000yearsforusualplasticbagstobreakdown.ButanEnvigreenbagcannaturallybreakdowninlessthan180days.Italsodissolves(溶解)inlessthanadayinwater,andinabout15secondsinboilingwater.MaybetheEnvigreenbagsareasolutiontotheworldproblemofplasticpollution.28．Wecaninfer(推斷)thatEnvigreenis________.A．akindofIndianfood B．anIndianpanyC．anorganizationinIndia D．arestaurantinIndia29．________arenottheingredientoftheEnvigreenbags.A．Potatoes B．Vegetableoils C．Bananas D．Plastics30．Ittakesabout________foranEnvigreenbagtobreakdownnaturally.A．15seconds B．10days C．180days D．1000years31．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．HedgespentfouryearstryingouttheEnvigreenbags.B．TheEnvigreenbagsarewidelyusedintheworldnow.C．TheEnvigreenbagsarecheaperthanusualplasticones.D．TheEnvigreenbagsaremadeof12kindsofvegetables.32．WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenausualplasticbagandanEnvigreenone?A．Thefeelingoftouch. B．Theirshapes. C．Iftheyareeatable. D．Theprices.【答案】28．B29．D30．C31．A32．C【解析】短文講述為了應對白色污染，印度的一家公司研制出一種含有天然成分的袋子。這種袋子雖然看起來就像普通的塑料袋，但是更易分解。28．推理判斷題，根據“EnvigreeninIndiahasmadeabagwith12naturalingredients(食材),suchaspotatoes,vegetableoilsandbananas.”可知印度的EnviGreen研制出一種含有天然食材的袋子。再結合“ThefounderofEnviGreen,AshwathHedge”可判斷，EnviGreen是一家印度公司，故選B。29．推理判斷題，根據“abagwith12naturalingredients(食材),suchaspotatoes,vegetableoilsandbananas.”一個袋子含有12種天然食材，其中有土豆、植物油和香蕉。可知這種袋子含有12種天然食材，其中有土豆、植物油和香蕉。四個選項中只有Plastics(塑料)不是天然食材，故選D。30．細節(jié)理解題，根據“ButanEnvigreenbagcannaturallybreakdowninlessthan180days.”可知這種袋子不到180天就能自然分解掉，C項與原文相符，故選C。31．推理判斷題，根據“ThefounderofEnvigreen,AshwathHedge,spentfouryearstryingthemout.”可知EnviGreen的創(chuàng)始人AshwathHedge花了四年的時間試制出這種袋子，故選A。32．細節(jié)理解題，綜合理解全文可知,本文介紹了EnviGreen研制出的特殊袋子。這種袋子雖然看起來和摸起來都與普通塑料袋無異，但是其含有天然食材，還可以食用，而普通塑料袋沒有可食用這一特性，故eatable是這兩種袋子的主要區(qū)別，故選C。Passage8（2021·江蘇·南通市九年級上學期開學考試）Wearingamaskwhilesleepingathomesoundsalittlecrazy.ButWuKeyingdidsoduringthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak.“IfearedthatIwouldbeinfected.NowIknowit’snotnecessarytodoso.ButIamstillworriedaboutwhentheepidemicwillend,”saidthe13yearoldfromChengdu,Sichuanprovince.Beingstuckinsidemakesherfeelanxious.Infact,manypeoplehaveexperiencedfeelingslikeWu.Nearly80percentofpeoplearedeeplyworriedabouttheoutbreak,while40percentstronglyfearit,accordingtoasurveyreleasedonJan27bytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Theseemotions（情緒）arenormalforpeoplewhoaregoingthroughstressfulevents,accordingtoWangWeihua,anexpertonpositivepsychology（積極心理學）.“Somestressfulreactions（反應）canhelpusfightthevirus,”Wangsaid.“Wetakemoreprotectiveactions,suchaswearingmasksandwashinghandsoften,forexample.”“Butifthesefeelingslasttoolong,itwillbebadforourmental（心理的）health,”Wangadded.Sohowcanwestaypositive?First,weshouldlearntoacceptunexpectedchangesinlife,wroteXiongKewei,apsychologicalconsultant（咨詢師）atBeijingNormalUniversity.Wemightlearnnewlessonsfromthesechanges,likerespecting（尊重）natureandbeingmoreresponsible（有擔當的）.Anotherusefulwaytostaypositiveistosticktoanormalroutine（正常作息）.“Thekeyistotakegoodcareofthebody,arrangeareasonableschedule,ensureadequatesleepanddiet,andgetthenecessaryrestandrelaxation,”ZhangHong,deputychiefphysicianofWuhanMentalHealthCenter,toldChinaDaily.33．WuKeyingworeamaskwhilesleepingbecause________.A．herparentstoldhertodoso B．it’sthebestwaytoavoidinfectionC．oneofherfamilymemberswasinfected D．shewasscaredofbeinginfected34．WhatdoweknowfromParagraph2?A．Manypeoplefeelworriedaboutthevirus.B．Weshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutthevirus.C．Only40percentofpeopleworryabouttheoutbreak.D．Morethan80percentofpeoplewearmaskswhilesleeping.35．AccordingtoWangWeihua,________canhelpusfightthevirus.a.wearingmasksb.beingstressfreec.stayingpositived.washingourhandsA．abc B．acd C．abd D．bcd36．Thelastthreeparagraphsaremainlyabout________.A．howtostayawayfromthecoronavirusB．howpsychologistshelpedpatientsC．suggestionsonhowtostaypositiveD．howtoreceivepsychologicalcounseling37．Thearticlemaybefrom________.A．aguide B．anadvertisement C．aicbook D．thenewspaper【答案】33．D34．A35．B36．C37．D【解析】本文講述了在新型冠狀病毒爆發(fā)期間，近80%的人對此次疫情深感擔憂，而40%的人非常害怕。心理學專家表示，對于正在經歷壓力事件的人來說，這些感覺很正常。一些壓力反應可以幫助我們對抗病毒，人們還可以采取更多的保護措施來對抗病毒。33．細節(jié)理解題。根據“Wearingamaskwhilesleepingathomesoundsalittlecrazy.ButWuKeyingdidsoduringthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak.”以及“IfearedthatIwouldbeinfected.”可知，睡覺戴口罩是害怕被感染。故選D。34．細節(jié)理解題。根據“Nearly80percentofpeoplearedeeplyworriedabouttheoutbreak,while40percentstronglyfearit”可知，很多人都擔憂這個病毒。故選A。35．推理判斷題。根據“Somestressfulreactionscanhelpusfightthevirus”可知，一些適當的壓力可以幫助抗擊病毒；根據“Wetakemoreprotectiveactions,suchaswearingmasksandwashinghandsoften,forexample.”可知，戴口罩、勤洗手可以幫助抗擊病毒；“‘Butifthesefeelingslasttoolong,itwillbebadforourmentalhealth,’Wangadded.Sohowcanwestaypositive?”可知，保持積極的態(tài)度也可以幫助抗擊病毒。結合選項可知acd是正確的。故選B。36．主旨大意題。根據“‘Butifthesefeelingslasttoolong,itwillbebadforourmentalhealth,’Wangadded.Sohowcanwestaypositive?”可知，說的是如何保持樂觀的建議。故選C。37．推理判斷題。本文講述了在新型冠狀病毒爆發(fā)期間，近80%的人對此次疫情深感擔憂，而40%的人非常害怕。心理學專家表示，對于正在經歷壓力事件的人來說，這些感覺很正常。一些壓力反應可以幫助我們對抗病毒，人們還可以采取更多的保護措施來對抗病毒，所以這可能會在報紙中出現。故選D。Passage9（2021·北京·人大附中九年級上學期開學考試）Storiesaresharedinmanyways.Theyaredescribedinbooksandmagazines.Theyarereadaroundthecampfireatnight.Theyarerandomlydistributed（隨機分發(fā)）fromstandalonebooths.Butwhatelse?Torevive（復興）literatureintheendoffastnewsandsmartphoneaddiction,ShortEdition,aFrenchpublisherofshortformliterature,hassetupmorethan30storydispensersintheUSAinthepastyearstodeliverfictionatthepushofabuttonatrestaurants,universitiesandgovernmentoffices.FrancisFordCoppola,thefilmdirectorandwinemaker,likedtheideasomuchthatheinvestedinhispanyandplacedadispenserathisCafeZoetropeinSanFrancisco.Lastmonthpubliclibrariesinsomeothercitiesann