考點(diǎn)17賓語從句-2022年中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)（原卷版）

考點(diǎn)17賓語從句賓語從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查的是時(shí)態(tài)及賓語從句的語序，有時(shí)也會(huì)考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也會(huì)考查到賓語從句。因此學(xué)生要熟練掌握賓語從句的用法。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2.賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)?？枷蛞?賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.考向二:賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序，即按照主語、謂語的順序。1.陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhonestboy.2.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.【典例】1．—Idon’tknow_______.—Maybeshehadsomethingimportanttodo.A．whysheleftearly B．whydidsheleaveearly C．whysheleavesearly2．—Couldyoutellme________lastnight?—Well,Iwatchedamovieathome.A．whatyoudid B．whatdidyoudo C．howyoudidit考向三:賓語從句主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。1.如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），那么賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrrow.Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?【典例】1．—Doyouknow________?—Ithappenedacrossfromtheshoppingmall.A．whentheaccidenthappened B．whendidtheaccidenthappenC．wheretheaccidenthappened D．wheredidtheaccidenthappen2．Canyoumakesure________?A．thathewilleheretoday B．whenhewilleheretodayC．hewilleherewill D．whetherwillheeheretoday2.如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么賓語從句一定要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheUSsoon.3.如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Hetoldmethattheearthisround.賓語從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。陳述句子用that；一般疑問是否(if，whether)替；特殊問句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意；主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。三是語序要記清，從句永保陳述序。that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that是賓語從句的一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，放在主句和從句之間。它引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來，故從句的語序不變。在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that作連接代詞，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中通?？梢允÷?。一、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的用法1.位置：that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）、介詞或形容詞之后。=1\*GB3①作及物動(dòng)詞，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的賓語。如：ShesaysthatshewillhelpmelearnEnglishthisevening.她說今天晚上她會(huì)幫我學(xué)英語。=2\*GB3②作介詞的賓語：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except，but，in之后。如：Heisagoodboyexceptthatheiscareless.他是一個(gè)好男孩，只是有點(diǎn)兒粗心。=3\*GB3③作＂be+形容詞＂結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語。某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，連詞that可省略。如：I’mhappy(that)Ipassedtheexam.我很高興我通過了考試。2.時(shí)態(tài)：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)具體情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)；主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句中也必須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。試比較：Hesaysthathewantstoseehimassoonaspossible.他說他想盡快見到他。Hesaidthathewantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.他說他想盡快見到他?！咎貏e提醒】當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，而賓語從句的內(nèi)容表示的是客觀真理、事實(shí)、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、格言、諺語等時(shí)，此時(shí)賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，這些情況下不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制。如：Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老師告訴我們地球圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 3.引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略的幾種情況：引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that通?？梢允÷裕篠hesaid(that)shewouldetothemeeting.她說過要來開會(huì)的。Ipromiseyou(that)Iwillbethere.我答應(yīng)你我會(huì)去的。Ihoped(that)Iwould/shouldsucceed.我曾希望我會(huì)成功。Hethinks(that)theywillgivehimavisa.他想他們會(huì)給他簽證。Hethought(that)theywouldgivehimavisa.他本想他們會(huì)給他簽證。Iexpect(that)theplanewillbediverted.我料想飛機(jī)會(huì)改變航線。Iexpected(that)theplanewouldbediverted.我本料想飛機(jī)會(huì)改變航線。Everybodyknows(that)moneydoesn’tgrowontrees.眾所周知，金錢是不會(huì)從樹上長(zhǎng)出來的。Isuggested(that)theyshould/shouldn’tdrivealongthecoast.我建議他們沿著/不要沿著海岸開車。【注意】有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可位于句首，此時(shí)that不可省略：ThatsheisagoodgirlIknow.她是一個(gè)好姑娘，我是知道的。4.引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略的幾種情況：that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，并不是在任何情況下都可以省略，在以下幾種情況下，that不能省略。=1\*GB3①從句的主語是that時(shí)，that不能省略；Weknowthatisaninterestingfilm.我們知道那是一部有趣的電影。=2\*GB3②and連接的兩個(gè)表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時(shí)，有時(shí)省去第一個(gè)從句的連詞that，但第二個(gè)從句的連詞that一般不可以省略。如：Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.他告訴我他們決定不了去做什么并且問了我的意見。=3\*GB3③that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。如：Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.對(duì)他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。5.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoZhangdidnoteyesterday.小張昨天沒來，我們覺得很奇怪。6.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，謂語盡管是否定的意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问剑⒄Z稱這種現(xiàn)象為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如：=1\*GB3①我認(rèn)為今晚他不能來。【誤】Ithinkhecan’tethisevening.【正】Idon’tthinkhecanethisevening.=2\*GB3②他認(rèn)為我們現(xiàn)在不在教室里?！菊`】Hedoesn’tthinkweareintheclassroomnow.【正】Hethinkswearenotintheclassroomnow.【特別警示】含有＂否定轉(zhuǎn)移＂現(xiàn)象的句子，主句的主語必須是第一人稱，此時(shí)，變成反意疑問句，附加問句要由從句來決定；如果主句的主語是其他人稱，附加問句要由主句來決定。如：Idon’tthinkheisright,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)，是嗎？HethinksIcane,doesn’the?他認(rèn)為我能來，是不是？7.如果賓語從句中含有否定意義的副詞或形容詞。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑問句要用肯定形式。如：Wefindthatheseldomgoestovisithismother,doeshe?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不常看望他的媽媽，是嗎？8.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只變主句，不變從句。實(shí)際上，我們經(jīng)常把Itissaidthat...（據(jù)ItissaidthatheisfromCanada.據(jù)說他來自加拿大。疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句特殊疑問句作賓語從句時(shí)，由疑問詞when,who,what,where,whatever,how，which,why等引導(dǎo)。賓語從句的詞序一律用陳述句的詞序，即＂主語+謂語＂詞序。①帶有系動(dòng)詞be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑問句。主句賓語從句DoyouknowhowoldLizis?你知道茲幾歲嗎?IknowhowoldLizis.我知道莉茲幾歲。Idon’tknowhowoldLizis.我不知道莉茲幾歲。賓語從句＂howoldLizis＂是主句動(dòng)詞know的賓語。how在從句中作副詞。注意從句的順序，主語在動(dòng)詞前（Lizis)。②帶有（情態(tài)）助動(dòng)詞is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑問句WhenisAnngoingtolran?安什么時(shí)候去伊朗？→DoyouknowwhenAnnisgoingtolran?你知道安什么時(shí)候去伊朗嗎？→Idon’tknowwhenAnnisgoingtolran.我不知道安什么時(shí)候去伊朗。WhatshouldIdo?我該怎么辦？→CanyoutellmewhatIshoulddo?你能告訴我，我該怎么辦嗎？→PleasetellmewhatIshoulddo.請(qǐng)告訴我，我該怎么辦。WherehasRongone?朗去了哪里？→DoyouknowwhereRonhasgone?你知道朗去了哪里嗎？→Idon’tknowwhereRonhasgone.我不知道朗去了哪里。③帶有助動(dòng)詞do/does/did的特殊疑問句。WheredidIputmyweddingring?我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了？→DoyouknowwhereIputmyweddingring?你知道我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了嗎？→Idon’trememberwhereIputmyweddingring.我不記得我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了。WhatdoesSuethinkaboutLulu?蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么？→DoyouknowwhatSuethinksaboutLulu?你知道蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么嗎？→IknowwhatSuethinksaboutLulu.我知道蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么。注意：（1）由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序，故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請(qǐng)看下列兩組句子：Howmuchdoesthiscoatcost?→Iwanttoknowhowmuchthiscoatcosts.Wheredidyougoyesterday?→Pleasetellmewhereyouwentyesterday.（2）當(dāng)疑問代詞what、who在特殊疑問句中作主語時(shí)，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當(dāng)該句用來作賓語時(shí)，語序不需要調(diào)整。What’swrongwithyou?怎么了？→Heaskedthegirlwhatwaswrongwithher.What’sthematter?怎么了？→Heaskedthegirlwhatwasthematter.Whathashappenedtohim?→Wewanttoknowwhathashappenedtohim.if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)從句部分是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句時(shí)，常用if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，if/whether意為＂是否＂。說明對(duì)陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，findout，beuncertain/doubtful/benotknown等后，二者通常可以互換?？谡Z中多用if代替whether。在非正式的寫作中，可以使用if或whether兩個(gè)詞來表達(dá)不定性，兩者都算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Iwonderif/whetherheisadriver.我想知道他是不是個(gè)司機(jī)。Alicewantstoknowif/whethershehaspassedtheexam.愛麗絲想知道她是否考試及格了。Lilyaskedif/whethershelikedit.莉莉問她是否喜歡它。Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.我想知道他是否住在這兒。Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.他問我是否可以幫助他。【拓展】一般情況下，if和whether可互換，在口語中多用if，而在以下幾種情況下，只能用whether。1.與or連用分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)從句時(shí)，或強(qiáng)調(diào)兩方面的選擇,特別是句中有ornot時(shí)用whether，不用if。Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywille.我不知道他們是否會(huì)來。Idon’tknowwhetherheiswrongorsheiswrong.Letmeknowwhetheryoucaneornot.I

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not.2.在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether。Hedosen’tknowwhethertogoornot.他不知道是否會(huì)去。Pleasetelluswhethertogothereorstayhere.請(qǐng)告訴我們是去那里還是待在這里。Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.I’mnotsurewhethertostayorleave.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.3.在介詞之后只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而If則不能。ItdependsonwhetherIhaveenoughtime.那取決于我是否有足夠的時(shí)間。Successdependsonwhetherwemakeenougheffort.Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’llgobackhome.Itdependsonwhethertheletterarrivesintime.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.4.賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用whether，不用if。Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.Whetherheissingle,Idon’tknow.Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.Whetherheissingle,Idon’tknow.5.在某些動(dòng)詞（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.（虛擬語氣）Wediscussedwhetherweshouldgotherebyplane.（虛擬語氣）Wediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameeting.（虛擬語氣）6.在引導(dǎo)否定概念賓語從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不用whether。HeaskedmeifIhadn’tfinishedmywork.注意：doubt否定句用that引導(dǎo)。因?yàn)閐on’tdoubt意為相信，不懷疑，if是否表示疑慮。1．Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher________thesun________intheeast.A．if;rise B．if;rises C．whether;rose D．whetherdid;rise2．Doyouknow________?A．whattimewouldthetrainleave B．whattimedoesthetrainleaveC．whattimewillthetrainleave D．whattimethetrainleaves3．Wedon’tknow________.ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A．whatheisdoing B．ifheliveshere C．whereheesfrom D．whichcountryishefrom4．—Canyouguessifthey________toplaybasketballwithus?—Ithinkthey’lleifthey________free.A．wille;willbe B．wille;are C．e;are D．e;willbe5．Iwonder________.A．wheredoeshelive B．wherehelive C．heliveswhere D．wherehelives6．—Wouldyoupleasetellme________?—InasmallvillagenearNingbo.A．wherewasyourmotherborn B．whereyourmotherwasbornC．whenwasyourmotherborn D．whenyourmotherwasborn7．Iamsure________yousaidistrue.A．what B．that C．which D．who8．Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon________roundtheearth.A．went B．turned C．go D．turns9．Couldyoutellme________?A．whatthematteriswithyou B．whatwasthematterwithyouC．what’sthematterwithyou D．what’sthewrongwithyou10．Canyoudescribe________?A．whatyourfatherislike B．howyourfatherislikeC．whatdoesyourfatherlooklike D．howyourfatherlookslike11．Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmewhichgate________?A．wehavetogoto B．wehadtogo C．dowehavetogoto D．didwehavetogoto12．Iwanttoknow________thedayaftertomorrowA．whathewilldo B．whatwillhedo C．whathedid D．whatdidhedo13．Theboyssaidthey________themselvesverymuchlastnight.A．enjoyed B．a(chǎn)reenjoying C．enjoy D．enjoys1．（2021·遼寧沈陽·中考真題）—Doyouknow________—Inthe1960s.A．whereHavocinHeavenwascreated B．whenHavocinHeavenwascreatedC．wherewasHavocinHeavencreated D．whenwasHavocinHeavencreated2．（2021·山東青島·中考真題）Therearemanykindsofbooksinthelibraryandyoucanchoose________youlike.A．however B．whenever C．whoever D．whatever3．（2021·山東濟(jì)南·中考真題）—Excuseme.Doyouknow________—Yes.YoucangotoFurongStreet.A．whereIcangetsomelocalsnacks B．wheredoestheboyefromC．whencanwetraveltoHongKong D．whendidJimmyetoJinan4．（2021·江蘇淮安·中考真題）—Canyouimagine________in2035?—I’msureitwillbebetter.A．howourlifewas B．whatwillourlifebelikeC．howwasourlife D．whatourlifewillbelike5．（2021·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—The2022WinterOlympicGameswillbeheldinChina.Doyouknow________?—Yes.InBeijingandZhangjiakou.A．whenitwasheld B．whenwasitheldC．whatcitiesitwillbeheldin D．whatcitieswillitbeheldin6．（2021·青海西寧·中考真題）—Hi,Mary!IwanttogotoQinghaiMuseum,butIamnotsure________getthere.—Don’tworry.Letmetellyou.A．howcouldI B．howIcan C．howcanI D．howIdid7．（2021·遼寧阜新·中考真題）—Excuseme,doyouknow________?—Well,goalongthisstreetandturnright.It’sontheleft.A．howcanIgettothebank B．whereIcanfindarestaurantC．whenIcanfindarestaurant D．whatcanIdonext8．（2021·吉林長(zhǎng)春·中考真題）—Dave,couldyoutellme________?—Gostraightandturnrightatthefirstcrossing.A．howcanIgettoRenminSquare B．howIcangettoRenminSquareC．whencanIgettoRenminSquare D．whenIcangettoRenminSquare9．（2021·湖北鄂州·中考真題）—Couldyoutellme________fortheingholidays?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A．whereareyougoing B．whereyougoC．whereyouaregoing D．whereyouwent10．（2021·遼寧丹東·中考真題）—Canyoutellme________youfinallysolvedtheproblem?—Byturningtomyparents.A．when B．where C．why D．how11．（2021·廣西柳州·中考真題）—Hi,Shirley!Couldyoutellme________?—Sure.Iusuallygotoworkat7:00am.A．whendoyougotoworkB．howyougotoworkC．whenyougotowork12．（2021·遼寧鞍山·中考真題）—Couldyoutellme________?—Forthreedays.A．howfaritis B．howlongyouhavestayedhereC．howoftenyouusetheInternet D．howmanyhoursyousleepeveryday13．（2021·廣西梧州·中考真題）—Sandy,couldyoutellme________thebeautifulhairclip?—Oh,Iboughtitinashopneartheschool.A．whereyouwillbuy B．wherewillyoubuyC．wheredidyoubuy D．whereyoubought14．（2021·湖北黃岡·中考真題）—Ithinkit’sdifficulttowritethebookreportintwodays.Ireallydon’tknow________.—Planyourtimeproperly,andyoucanmakeit.A．whyIhavetodoit B．whenwillIfinishit C．howIcandoit D．ifcanIfinishit1．（2021·河北石家莊·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Iwonder________.—Well,IthinktheLakeParkisagoodchoice.A．whatIshallsellatmystreetstall B．whomIcouldopenastreetstallwithC．ifIcanopenastreetstallafterwork D．whichisthebestplaceforastreetstall2．（2021·江蘇揚(yáng)州·三模）—Excuseme,couldyoutellme________?—Betterwalkthere.It’sonlyabouttenminutes’walk.A．howfarTianleLakeis B．whichisthewaytoTianleLakeC．howIcangettoTianleLake D．howcanIgettoTianleLake3．（2021·浙江·溫州市第十二中學(xué)二模）