壓軸題02介詞和介詞短語（原卷版）-2023年中考英語壓軸題專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

壓軸題02介詞和介詞短語題型/考向一：表方位介詞、表時間的介詞、表方式的介詞題型/考向二：介詞短語以及和動詞短語、形容詞短語中的固定搭配題型/考向三:介詞及介詞短語辨析，在具體語言環(huán)境中使用介詞的能力EQ\o\ac(○,熱)EQ\o\ac(○,點(diǎn))EQ\o\ac(○,題)EQ\o\ac(○,型)一：表方位介詞、表時間的介詞、表方式的介詞表時間的介詞1.1.at,on和in的用法用法例子at通常用于具體的時刻、年齡或重大節(jié)日前。ateighto'clock在8點(diǎn)atChristmas在圣誕節(jié)on主要用于星期幾、具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上前。也可用于節(jié)日前。on29thJuly在7月29日onMonday在星期一in強(qiáng)調(diào)時間段，即在較長的一段時間內(nèi)，后多接表示年代、月份、季節(jié)等的名詞或泛指的一天的上午、下午或晚上。IboughtmynewclothesinMay.我5月買的新衣服。1.2.辨析：in和after的區(qū)別介詞用法in加時間段，用于將來時，表示將來一段時間后。after加時間段，用于過去時，表示從過去某個時間點(diǎn)算起一段時間后；加時間點(diǎn)，既可用于將來時也可用于過去時。1.3.for,during和since的用法介詞用法例句“for+時間段”表示“延續(xù)多久”，作時間狀語時，句子時態(tài)可用過去時、現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r。HelivedinLondonfortwoyears.他在倫敦住過兩年。during表示“在······期間”，與表示一段特定時間的名詞（短語）連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的延續(xù)；也可表示某段時間內(nèi)自始至終的狀態(tài)。Duringthesummersheworkedasalifeguard.夏天她當(dāng)過救生員。“since+時間點(diǎn)”表示“（自過去某時延續(xù)至今的）一段時間”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時連用Thefactoryhasbeenheresincethe1970s.這家工廠從20世紀(jì)70年代起就在這里了。1.4.until的用法until用于肯定句中，意為“直到·····為止”，其前的謂語動詞多用延續(xù)性動詞；用于否定句中，意為“直到·····才”，其前的謂語動詞多用非延續(xù)性動詞。例Ididn'tgotobeduntilteno'clock.直到10點(diǎn)我才上床睡覺。在否定句中多與非延續(xù)性動詞連用例Heisallowedtostayupuntil11:00p.m.他被允許晚上熬夜到11點(diǎn)。表地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞2.1.in,on和at的用法介詞用法例句in表示“在·····里”；表示“在?！ぁぁぁぁど稀睍r，暗示占去了某物的一部分；表示地點(diǎn)時，多指較大的地方。HelivesinShanghai.他住在上海。on意為“在·····之上”，表示與物體的表面有接觸。TheEnglishbookisonthedesk.英語書在桌子上。at表示地點(diǎn)時，多指較小的地方或某一點(diǎn)的具體位置。WeliveatNo.87BeijingRoad.我們住在北京路87號。2.2.above,over,under和below的用法介詞用法例句above指離開物體表面而在其上方，但不一定是正上方，反義詞是below.Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.那只鳥在我頭頂上飛。Icouldhearvoicesinthecourtyardbelowmywindow.我聽到窗戶下面的院子里有人在說話。over指垂直的上方，與under相對。over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。還可表示一物被另一物覆蓋Thebridgeovertheriverhasalonghistory.河上的這座橋歷史悠久。Writeyournameunderyourpicture.在你的照片下面寫上名字。2.3.across,through和past的用法介詞用法例句across表示從表面通過，動作是在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行的。Tomisswimmingacrosstheriver.湯姆正游過那條河。through表示從某一空間內(nèi)穿過，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作在某一物體的內(nèi)部進(jìn)行。Shesmiledathimashewalkedthroughthedoor.他從門口進(jìn)來時，她朝他笑了笑。past強(qiáng)調(diào)從某一物體的一旁經(jīng)過。Shewavedasshedrovepast.她開車經(jīng)過的時候揮了揮手。2.4.between和among的用法介詞用法例句between用于兩者之間或者多者以上的兩兩之間，常用于結(jié)構(gòu)“between...and...”。IsatdownbetweenSarahandJane.我在薩拉和簡之間坐了下來。among用于三者或三者以上之間。Shewastheeldestamongthem.她是他們當(dāng)中年紀(jì)最大的。其他?？冀樵~3.1.表示方式的by,with和in的用法介詞用法例句by表“以·····方法／手段”或“乘坐···.··交通工具”。Sheearnsherlivingbysellingcars.她以賣車為生。with表示“用·····工具／手段”，一般接具體的工具或手段。Hesignedhisnamewithapenonthepaper.他用鋼筆在文件上簽了字。in表示用某種材料或語言、聲音等。What'sthisinEnglish?這個用英語怎么說？3.2.against的用法against意為“反對，違背；倚著，靠著；碰撞；逆著；以······為背景”等。例Theboardwarnsdriversagainstpassingthebridge.這個牌子提醒司機(jī)大橋禁止通行。例That'sagainstthelaw.那是違法的。例Theteacher'sdeskisagainstthewall.老師的辦公桌靠墻放著。例Therainbeatagainstthewindows.雨點(diǎn)擊打著窗戶。例Hisredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.他的紅衣服在白雪中格外顯眼。3.3.for的用法用法例句表示對象或用途，意為“給，對”It'sabookforchildren.這是一本兒童讀物。表示目的，意為“為了，供”。I'veboughthimawatchforhisbirthday.我給他買了一塊手表當(dāng)作生日禮物。表示去向，意為“往，向”。IsthisthebusforChicago?這輛公共汽車是去芝加哥的嗎？EQ\o\ac(○,熱)EQ\o\ac(○,點(diǎn))EQ\o\ac(○,題)EQ\o\ac(○,型)二：介詞短語以及和動詞短語、形容詞短語中的固定搭配介詞的常用搭配4.1.介詞與名詞的搭配thewayto...去往······的路introuble處于困境instyle流行，時髦inorder有序地atthetopof...在······的頂部attheendof...在······結(jié)尾inthemiddleof...在······中間in(the)frontof...在··..··前面attheageof...在······歲時intheend最后atthemoment此刻withthelighton開著燈onshow展出onduty值班onbusiness出差onthephone通過bythetime...到······時候?yàn)橹箃hanksto由于，幸虧withthehelpof...在······的幫助下thanksfor感謝toone'ssurprise令某人吃驚的是ontime按時ona/an...team參加······隊(duì)intime及時ingeneral通常，大體上forexample例如infact事實(shí)上asaresult結(jié)果......4.2.介詞與動詞的搭配asksb.for...向某人要······dieof/from死于dowellin/begoodat擅長于falloff摔下getaway離開givein屈服helpsb.withsth.幫助某人某事hearfrom...收到······的來信learnabout了解laughat嘲笑passaway去世spend...onsth.在某物上花費(fèi)·..···talkaboutsth.談?wù)撃呈聇akeafter長得像turnto...向······求助waitfor等待......4.3.介詞與形容詞的搭配belatefor遲到beproudof...為······自豪bepopularwith...受·····歡迎bethirstyfor...對······渴望beworriedabout...為······擔(dān)憂befullof/befilledwith充滿befamousfor...因······而聞名begood/badfor...對······有益／有害behelpfulto...對······有幫助beharmfulto...對······有害bemadat...對······非常憤怒beinterestedin...對······感興趣bewellknownto...被······熟知beexcitedabout...對······感到興奮beafraidof...害怕······befriendlytosb.對某人友好beangrywith...對······生氣besorryfor...對······難過bestrictwithsb.對某人要求嚴(yán)格bestrictinsth.對某事要求嚴(yán)格......4.4.其他介詞短語upto直到，多達(dá)asfor關(guān)于，至于aheadof...在······之前alongwith隨著afterall畢竟，終究becauseof因?yàn)閕nsteadof而不是togetherwith...和······一起bestofall最好的accordingto根據(jù)......1．（2023·全國·一模）________April22nd,peoplearoundtheworldcelebrateEarthDay________differentways.A．In;in B．On;in C．In;on D．At;by2．（2023·重慶·模擬預(yù)測）Alltheguestsinthehoteldiedaftertheearthquake________him,becausehewasawakeandranoutintime.A．except B．beside C．with D．besides3．（2023·江蘇常州·常州實(shí)驗(yàn)初中?？家荒＃〩ehasdevelopedagoodhabitofrunning________thelakeeverymorning.A．over B．a(chǎn)long C．beyond D．a(chǎn)cross4．（2023·全國·九年級專題練習(xí)）QingdaoJiaozhouBayBridge________theseahelpspeopletravelconveniently.A．over B．by C．in D．or5．（2023·江蘇宿遷·泗陽致遠(yuǎn)中學(xué)?？家荒＃〢sweallknow,Shenzhou13landedsuccessfully________April16,2022.A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．of6．（2023·四川達(dá)州·模擬預(yù)測）Allthecupsaremadeofglass________theblackone.It’smadeofmetal.A．besides B．except C．beside D．with7．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）________history,Peteralsolikesscience.Hethinksbothofthesubjectsareinteresting.A．Except B．For C．Alongwith D．With8．（2023·云南昭通·統(tǒng)考一模）Thefirstsessionofthe14thNPC(第十四屆全國人大會議)opened________March5th,2023inBeijing.A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．from9．（2023·山東東營·校聯(lián)考一模）ArecentstudyinAustraliashowsthatparentsare_______thetopfiveworld’shardestjobs.A．between B．a(chǎn)mong C．from D．a(chǎn)bove10．（2023·江西·統(tǒng)考一模）UsuallyImakebreakfastformyfamily___________Saturdays.A．a(chǎn)t B．in C．on D．to11．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考二模）—Whatlanguagedoyoualsospeak________English?—French.Butjustalittle.A．beside B．except C．besides D．for12．（2022秋·云南保山·九年級統(tǒng)考期末）—Inwhichdirectionweretheygoing?—Ican’tsay________.Ididn’tnoticethem.A．forinstance B．forexample C．forcertain D．forshort13．（2022秋·九年級單元測試）Don’tbesoupset.________,you’vetriedyourbest.A．Afterall B．Forexample C．Bytheway D．Tostartwith14．（2022·浙江溫州·統(tǒng)考一模）Sarahexplainedhowtoshoponthesmartphoneapp________,sothattheoldmancouldunderstanditclearlyandfully.A．inpolite B．inpeace C．indetail D．inperson15．（2022·河北唐山·模擬預(yù)測）HebecamegoodatEnglish________thehelpofhisteacher.A．by B．with C．on D．for16．（2022·江蘇淮安·?？家荒＃猒_______,ChinesesmartphoneslikeHuaweiandXiaomihavegreatlyimproved.—Iagree.That’swhyChinesegoodssellbetternow.A．Ingeneral B．Inthisway C．Intheend D．Inthebeginning17．（2022·江蘇無錫·?？级＃㏕hereisnohelptoworryabouttheuncertainfuture.________,it’smorepracticaltotakethepresentchancetosucceed.A．Aboveall B．Afterall C．Inall D．Atall18．（2022秋·安徽合肥·九年級統(tǒng)考期末）Theclothesmade________sellwellthoughthey’realittleexpensive.A．infact B．a(chǎn)tleast C．byhand D．introuble19．（2023·湖北·統(tǒng)考一模）—Idon’tknowhowto____theoldbooks.—Whynotgivethemawaytopoorchildren?A．handout B．giveup C．dealwith D．takeup20．（2023·浙江溫州·模擬預(yù)測）Thenumberofpandasisincreasing,________ourgreateffortandrightpolicies.A．thanksto B．insteadof C．suchas D．a(chǎn)ccordingto21．（2022·江蘇鹽城·?？家荒＃㎜et’stakeawalk___________theriverafterdinner,shallwe?A．a(chǎn)long B．through C．upon D．over22．（2022·天津·模擬預(yù)測）IwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguageEnglish.A．except B．beside C．besides D．exceptfor23．（2022·甘肅隴南·?？寄M預(yù)測）Myfamilygettogetherandhaveabigdinner________Sundays.A．a(chǎn)t B．in C．on D．to24．（2022·湖北黃岡·模擬預(yù)測）—ManydoctorsandnurseswenttoHubeiinFebruary.—HubeiisfarfromHeilongjiang.It’s________thesouthofChina,________thesouthofHenan.A．in;to B．on;to C．in;on D．on;in25．（2022·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考一模）There’resomanythingsaroundus_________ourwill.However,we’venoexcusetogiveup.A．through B．towards C．a(chǎn)gainst D．under26．（2022秋·九年級單元測試）ThreeTaikonautsgaveasciencelecture(講座)400kilometersaboveth