熱點08完形填空-2022年中考英語專練

熱點08完型填空（解析版）（建議用時：30分鐘）中考生最為棘手的題型之一。它既考查對語法、詞匯、習語、句型、搭配等基礎知識的綜合運用能力，又考查對短文的閱讀理解能力。其中包括在具體的語境中靈活運用語言知識的能力，根據(jù)試題內(nèi)容進行正確的邏輯推理，綜合判斷和分析概括的能力。1.通讀全文，掌握大意。結(jié)合選項初步弄清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容。2.瞻前顧后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基礎上，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容對空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推理。必須弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合理，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層或說東道西的情況，必須從空缺句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)入手，從語法、詞語固定搭配、詞形變化等角度考慮，務必使所填的單詞準確無誤。3.反復推敲，攻克難關。如果做不出來的話，可能要改變一下思路。如實詞多與文章的內(nèi)容直接相關，虛詞多與文章的連貫性或句子結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關，如果從內(nèi)容上實在看不出要填哪個單詞的話，應考慮是否需要填介詞、連詞等。4.驗證答案，修正錯誤，著重注意這幾點：(1)文章是否順暢；(2)所填單詞是否是最佳單詞；(3)所填單詞是否有拼寫錯誤。完形填空的解題方法和技巧：1）確定填入單詞的詞性。2）根據(jù)短語的固定搭配。3）固定的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。4）利用冒號或者破折號。5）利用句子在語段中的“地位”。外賣、5G、新冠疫情、冬奧會、碳中和等。一、完型填空WhenIwas13yearsold,aboygavemeanimportantgift.Itwasasmile.Itwastheearlyautumnofmyfirstyearatajuniorhighschool,andmyoldschoolwasfaraway.SonobodyknewwhoIwas.Iwasverylonely,and____1____tomakefriendswithanyone.EverytimeIheardtheotherstudentstalkingandlaughing,Ifeltmyheartbreak.Icouldn’ttalktoanyoneaboutmyproblem,andIdidn’twantmyparentsto____2____aboutme.Thenoneday,myclassmatestalkedhappilywiththeirfriends,____3____Isatatmydeskunhappilyasusual.Atthatmoment,aboyenteredtheclassroom.Ididn’tknowwhohewas.Hepassedmeandthenturnedback.Helookedatmeand,withoutaword,smiled.Suddenly,Ifelt_____4_____brightandfriendly.Itmademefeelhappy,livelyandwarm.Thatsmilechangedmylife.I____5____totalkwiththeotherstudentsandmadefriends.Daybyday,Ibecameclosertoeveryoneinmyclass.Theboywiththeluckysmilehasbeemybestfriendnow.Oneday,Iaskedhimwhyhesmiled,buthe____6____remembersmilingatme!Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseallthedarkdayshavegone.NowIbelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.Ifyouthinkyouarelonely,youmightalwaysbealone.Sosmileattheworldanditwillsmileback.1．A．happy B．friendly C．a(chǎn)fraid D．lovely2．A．talk B．worry C．know D．discuss3．A．for B．if C．but D．until4．A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing5．A．refused B．hated C．used D．started6．A．mustn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t【標準答案】1．C2．B3．C4．A5．D6．B【思路指引】本文主要講述了作者以前很孤獨，害怕和任何人交朋友，之后一個男生對作者微笑，這使作者感到快樂、活潑和溫暖。同時那個微笑改變了作者的生活。1．句意：我很孤獨，害怕和任何人交朋友。happy開心的；friendly友好的；afraid害怕的；lovely可愛的。根據(jù)“Iwasverylonely,and...tomakefriendswithanyone.”可知此處是指“我”很孤獨，害怕和任何人交朋友。故選C。2．句意：不能和任何人談論我的問題，我不想讓我的父母為我擔心。talk談論；worry擔心；know知道；discuss討論。根據(jù)“Icouldn’ttalktoanyoneaboutmyproblem,andIdidn’twantmyparentsto...aboutme.”可知此處是指作者不想讓父母擔心自己，故選B。3．句意：然后有一天，我的同學和他們的朋友愉快地交談，但我坐在我的桌子旁不高興像往常一樣。for為了；if如果；but但是；until直到。根據(jù)“Thenoneday,myclassmatestalkedhappilywiththeirfriends...Isatatmydeskunhappilyasusual.”可知句子前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故選C。4．句意：突然，我感覺到一種明亮而友好的東西。something某物；anything任何事；everything一切；nothing沒什么。根據(jù)“Suddenly,Ifelt...brightandfriendly.Itmademefeelhappy,livelyandwarm”可知此處是指作者感受到某種明亮而友好的東西，故選A。5．句意：我開始和其他學生交談，結(jié)交朋友。refused拒絕；hated討厭；used使用；started開始。根據(jù)“Thatsmilechangedmylife.I...totalkwiththeotherstudentsandmadefriends.”結(jié)合上文可知作者現(xiàn)在開始和其他學生交談了，故選D。6．句意：有一天，我問他為什么笑，但他不記得他對我笑過！mustn’t不準；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不應該；needn’t不需要。根據(jù)“Oneday,Iaskedhimwhyhesmiled,buthe...remembersmilingatme!”可知此處是指他不能記得他對“我”笑過，故選B。二、Themodernworldisveryconvenient.It’s____7____tobuyorrentthings.WecandoalotofourshoppingandbankingontheInternet.However,wealsofaceagrowingproblem:identifytheft.Weoftengiveourpersonalinformationtostores.That____8____ourbirthdate,personalIDnumber,andhomeaddress.Whenweapplyforastoremembership,wegiveourinformationtoastranger.Whenbuyingsomethingonline,wedothesamething.____9____workhardtogetthatinformation.Theystealreceiptsand____10____puters.Theyalsotrytostealourpasswords.Theycanusethatinformationto“bee”anotherperson.That’sidentitytheft.Ourmoncrimeistoapplyforacreditcardusing____11____else’sname.Thethiefbuysexpensivethingsbutdoesn’tpaythebill.Thatcanhurtavictim’scredit.Withbadcredit,it’shardertogetbankorcarloans.Howcanyoupreventidentitytheft?First,becarefulaboutgivingawaypersonalinformation.____12____givesomeoneyourbirthdateandpersonalIDnumberwhennecessary.Second,tearupoldcreditcardreceiptsandbankstatementsifyoudon’twantthem.Finally,someexpertsremendpayingincashasmuchaspossible.7．A．hard B．interesting C．easy D．exciting8．A．includes B．collects C．consists D．means9．A．People B．Thieves C．Engineers D．Bankclerks10．A．breakout B．breakinto C．workfor D．keepoff11．A．someone B．noone C．a(chǎn)nyone D．everyone12．A．Even B．Ever C．Only D．Never【標準答案】7．C8．A9．B10．B11．A12．C【思路指引】文章大意：現(xiàn)代社會很方便，買東西或租東西都很方便，但我們也面臨著一個日益嚴重的問題：身份盜用。本文介紹了如何避免發(fā)生這樣的事情。7．句意：買東西或租東西很容易。hard困難的；B.interesting有趣的；easy容易的；exciting興奮的。根據(jù)上文“Themodernworldisveryconvenient.”現(xiàn)代世界非常方便?？芍I東西或租東西應是很容易的，故選C。8．句意：這包括我們的出生日期，個人身份證號碼和家庭住址。includes包括；collects收集；consists組成；means意味著。根據(jù)后面的“ourbirthdate,personalIDnumber,andhomeaddress.”可知是向商店提供我們的個人信息時包括我們的出生日期，個人身份證號碼和家庭住址。故選A。9．句意：小偷們努力工作來獲取信息。People人；Thieves小偷；Engineers工程師；Bankclerks銀行職員。根據(jù)下文“Theyalsotrytostealourpasswords.”他們還試圖竊取我們的密碼。可知此處應指的是小偷。故選B。10．句意：他們偷收據(jù)，闖入電腦。breakout爆發(fā)；breakinto非法闖入；workfor為……效力；keepoff不接近。根據(jù)下文“Theyalsotrytostealourpasswords.”他們還試圖竊取我們的密碼，可知是非法闖入我們的電腦。故選B。11．句意：我們常見的犯罪行為是用別人的名字申請信用卡。someone某人；noone沒有一個；anyone任何人；everyone每個人。根據(jù)“Ourmoncrimeistoapplyforacreditcardusing…else’sname.”結(jié)合常識，可知我們常見的犯罪行為是用別人的名字申請信用卡。故選A。12．句意：只在必要的時候給別人你的出生日期和個人身份證號碼。

Even甚至；Ever曾經(jīng)；Only只有、僅僅；Never從不。根據(jù)“…givesomeoneyourbirthdateandpersonalIDnumberwhennecessary.”結(jié)合語境及常識，可知應是只有在必要時才告訴別人你的出生日期和身份證號碼。故選C。三、Peoplethinkchildrenshouldplaysports.Sportsarefun,andchildrenkeephealthywhileplayingwithothers.However,playingsportscanhave___13___effectsonchildren.Itmayproducefeelingsofpoorselfrespectoraggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Accordingtoresearchonkidsandsports,40,000,000kidsplaysportsinUS.Ofthese,18,000,000saytheyhavebeen___14___atorcallednameswhileplayingsports.Thisleavesmanychildrenwithabad___15___ofsports.Theythinksportsarejusttooaggressive.

Manyresearchersbelieveadults,especiallyparentsandcoaches,arethemain___16___oftoomuchaggressioninchildren’ssports.Theybelievechildren___17___aggressiveadultbehavior.Thisbehavioristhenfurtherstrengthenedthroughbothpositiveandnegativefeedback.Parentsandcoachesarepowerfulteachersbecausechildrenusuallylookuptothem.Oftentheseadultsbehaveaggressivelythemselves,sendingchildrenthemessagethat___18___iseverything.Manyparentsgotochildren’ssportingeventsandshout___19___atotherplayersorcheerwhentheirchildbehaves___20___.Aswell,childrenareeventaughtthathurtingotherplayersis___21___orarepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured,themediamakesviolenceseemexciting.____22____,childrenwatchadultsportsgamesandseeviolentbehaviorreplayedoverandoverontelevision.Asasociety,wereallyneedtofaceuptothisproblemanddosomethingaboutit.13．A．restrictive B．negative C．a(chǎn)ctive D．instructive14．A．knocked B．glanced C．smiled D．shouted15．A．impression B．concept C．taste D．expectation16．A．resource B．cause C．course D．consequence17．A．question B．understand C．copy D．neglect18．A．winning B．practising C．fun D．sport19．A．praises B．orders C．remarks D．insults20．A．proudly B．a(chǎn)mbitiously C．a(chǎn)ggressively D．bravely21．A．a(chǎn)cceptable B．impolite C．possible D．a(chǎn)ccessible22．A．Bycontrast B．Inaddition C．Asaresult D．Afterall【標準答案】13．B14．D15．A16．B17．C18．A19．D20．C21．A22．B【思路指引】運動很有趣，運動可以讓孩子保持健康，但運動也會對兒童產(chǎn)生負面影響。本文講述成年人是兒童運動中過度好斗的主因——家長鼓勵孩子在運動中的攻擊性的行為，被教導可以傷害其他球員，在受傷的情況下也被強迫繼續(xù)比賽，孩子們在電視上反復觀看成人體育比賽中的暴力行為。社會需要正視這個問題，并為采取行動。13．句意：然而，運動會對兒童產(chǎn)生負面影響。restrictive限制的；negative消極的；active積極的；instructive有啟發(fā)的；根據(jù)下文“Itmayproducefeelingsofpoorselfrespectoraggressivebehaviorinsomechildren”運動可能會讓一些孩子產(chǎn)生自卑感或攻擊性行為；可知此處指“運動會對兒童有負面影響”。故選B。14．句意：其中1800萬人說，他們在運動時被大聲叫喊或辱罵。knocked敲；glanced掃視；smiled微笑；shouted喊叫；上文“運動會對兒童產(chǎn)生負面影響”；根據(jù)“orcallednames”和“at”提示可知此處指“被大聲叫喊或辱罵”。故選D。15．句意：這給許多孩子留下了不好的運動印象。impression印象；concept概念；taste品味；expectation期望；上文“有些孩子在運動時被大聲叫喊或辱罵”；可知此處指“在運動時被大聲叫喊或辱罵給孩子留下了不良的運動印象”。故選A。16．句意：許多研究人員認為，成年人，尤其是父母和教練，是兒童運動中過度好斗的主要原因。resource資源；cause原因；course課程；consequence結(jié)果；根據(jù)下文“Oftentheseadultsbehaveaggressivelythemselves…”可知此處指“成年人的好斗行為是兒童運動中過度好斗的主要原因”。故選B。17．句意：他們認為兒童模仿成人的好斗行為。question問題；understand理解；copy復制；neglect忽略；根據(jù)下文“Thisbehavioristhenfurtherstrengthenedthroughbothpositiveandnegativefeedback”成年人好斗的行為會在孩子這里得到進一步強化；可知此處指“孩子們模仿成年人好斗”。故選C。18．句意：這些成年人往往自己表現(xiàn)好斗，給孩子們傳遞勝利就是一切的信息。winning獲勝；practicing練習；fun樂趣；sport運動；根據(jù)下文“…shoutinsultsatotherplayersorcheerwhentheirchildbehavesaggressively…childrenareeventaughtthathurtingotherplayersisacceptableorarepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured…”家長這些好斗的行為讓孩子們覺得為了獲勝可以不惜一切。故選A。19．句意：許多家長會去參加孩子的體育賽事，對其他運動員大聲辱罵或當孩子表現(xiàn)得咄咄逼人時歡呼。praises贊揚；orders命令；remarks評論；insults侮辱；根據(jù)上文“成年人的好斗行為是兒童運動中過度好斗的主要原因”可知此處指成年人在兒童運動中的不良表現(xiàn)“對其他運動員大聲辱罵”。故選D。20．句意：許多家長會去參加孩子的體育賽事，對其他運動員大聲辱罵或當孩子表現(xiàn)得咄咄逼人時歡呼。proudly自豪地；ambitiously雄心勃勃地；aggressively攻擊地；bravely勇敢地；根據(jù)下文“Aswell,childrenareeventaughtthathurtingotherplayers…”教孩子傷害其他運動員；可知此處指“家長鼓勵孩子攻擊性的行為，為這種行為喝彩”。故選C。21．句意：此外，孩子們甚至被教導，傷害其他球員是可以接受的，或者即使在受傷的情況下也被強迫繼續(xù)比賽。acceptable可接受的；impolite不禮貌的；possible可能；accessible可接近的；上文“家長鼓勵孩子攻擊性的行為”；結(jié)合下文“themediamakesviolenceseemexciting”媒體讓暴力變得令人興奮；可知此處指“孩子們甚至被教導可以傷害其他球員”。故選A。22．句意：此外，孩子們觀看成人體育比賽，看到暴力行為在電視上反復播放。Bycontrast對比；Inaddition另外；Asaresult結(jié)果；Afterall畢竟；上文“家長鼓勵孩子在運動中的攻擊性的行為，被教導可以傷害其他球員，在受傷的情況下也被強迫繼續(xù)比賽”，除此之外，“孩子們在電視上反復觀看成人體育比賽中的暴力行為”，這些都是成年人的好斗行為導致兒童運動中過度好斗的主要原因。故選B。四、Onthefirstdayofourscienceclass,Mr.Jacksongaveusatalkaboutananimalcalledwampus.HetoldusthatthewampuslivedonearthmillionsofyearsagoduringtheIceAgeandERdiedoutbecauseofthechangeofclimate(氣候).Wealllistenedcarefullyandtooknotesofeverythinghesaid.Laterwehadatest.Whentheexampaperswerereturnedtous,weweresurprisedandsadthatnoone__23__theexamatall.Ididn’tknowwhy.IhadwrittendownwhatMr.Jacksonsaidinclass.Whathadhappened?“Verysimple,”Mr.Jacksonexplained.“Ihadmadeupallthatstoryaboutthewampus.Therehadneverbeensuchanimal,sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect.Doyou__24__togethighmarksforincorrectanswers?”Surely,weallgot__25__.Whatkindoftestwasthis?Whatkindofteacherwashe?Howcouldwebelievehegaveussomuchinformationaboutananimalthathadnotbeenthereatall?Howwasitpossibleforusstudentstodoubt(質(zhì)疑)whattheteachertaughtus?Throughthisexperience,Mr.Jacksonhopedthatwewouldlearnsomething.Teachersandbooksarenotalways__26__.Infact,nooneis.Hetoldusnottoletourmindgotosleep.Instead,weshouldkeepthinkingallthetimeandspeakupifwethinkthereare__27__inourteachers’wordsorinbooks.Weshoulddevelopthehabitofdoubting,andtheabilitytodecidebyourselves.Whata__28__lessonhegaveus!23．A．refused B．pushed C．passed D．praised24．A．expect B．think C．know D．like25．A．sad B．surprised C．a(chǎn)mused D．a(chǎn)ngry26．A．right B．a(chǎn)ctive C．silent D．interesting27．A．decisions B．mistakes C．points D．reasons28．A．terrible B．hard C．special D．funny【標準答案】23．C24．A25．D26．A27．B28．C【思路指引】本文講述了一位老師給學生講述了一個編造的，根本沒有的動物的信息，然后進行測試，沒有一個學生通過考試。從而啟發(fā)學生學習應該養(yǎng)成懷疑的習慣，應該用大腦思考辨別真?zhèn)巍?3．句意：我們感到驚訝和悲傷，因為沒有人通過考試。refused拒絕；pushed推；passed通過；praised表揚。根據(jù)“weweresurprisedandsadthatnoone...theexamatall”可知是因為沒有人通過考試。故選C。24．句意：你期望錯誤的答案能得高分嗎？expect期望；think認為；know知道；like喜歡。根據(jù)“Therehadneverbeensuchanimal,sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect.Doyou...togethighmarksforincorrectanswers?”可知此處是指不能期望錯誤的答案得到高分，故選A。25．句意：當然，我們都生氣了。sad傷心的；surprised驚訝的；amused覺得好笑的；angry憤怒的。根據(jù)“Whatkindoftestwasthis?Whatkindofteacherwashe?Howcouldwebelievehegaveussomuchinformationaboutananimalthathadnotbeenthereatall”可知是生氣的，故選D。26．句意：老師和書并不總是對的。right正確的；active積極的；silent沉默的；interesting有趣的。根據(jù)“Teachersandbooksarenotalways...Infact,nooneis.”可知此處是指老師和書本并不總是對的，故選A。27．句意：相反，如果我們認為老師的話或書中有錯誤，我們應該一直思考，大聲說出來。decisions決定；mistakes錯誤；points要點；reasons理由。根據(jù)“Instead,weshouldkeepthinkingallthetimeandspeakupifwethinkthereare...inourteachers’wordsorinbooks”可知此處是指有錯誤，故選B。28．句意：他給我們上了多么特別的一課！terrible糟糕的；hard硬的；special特殊的；funny搞笑的。根據(jù)“Throughthisexperience,Mr.Jacksonhopedthatwewouldlearnsomething.Teachersandbooksarenotalways...Infact,nooneis”以及上文內(nèi)容可知這是一節(jié)非常特別的課，故選C。五、Youcanreachalmostanygoalifyouwantto–butsometimesyouhavetoworksohardtorealizeyourdream.Thatwasquitetrueforme.WhenIwas17yearsold,Ibrokemyfather’s____29____.Fatherwasafactoryworkerandheworkedlonghourseveryday.Hehadsavedenoughmoneytosendmetocollegetobeealawyer.ThreemonthslaterIwashometellinghimthatIhadleftcollege—andforthefirsttimeIsawhim____30____.“Son,I’malwaysgoingtoloveyoueventhoughyou’llneverachieveanything,”hesaidwithtearsinhiseyes.WhenIwalkedoutofthatroom,Iwasburningwithsomethingwithinmybody.Noteveryonehasthechancetofeelit.Ididn’tjustwantto____31____—Ihadto.ButIcouldn’tseehowtodoitandallthetimemyfather’swordswereinmymind.Ibecameasalesperson.Itwasnot____32____becauseIknewalmostnothingaboutmarketing.ThenamanintroducedmetotheEdwardstrainingcourse(培訓課程).Iwentandlearnedalotofuseful____33____.Itriedmybesttoputthemtowork.Soonafterthat,Istartedtastingthesweetfruitsofsuccessforthefirsttime.Sometimelater,ItoldthemanagerofmypanythatIwouldliketomeetwithMr.Edwards,andhemadeitforme.Whenthedaycame,ItoldMr.Edwards,“Mr.Edwards,mygoalistobeabletotrainpeoplejustasyoutrainedme.”____34____,heagreedtoletmetry.AllthatcametruebecauseIsetgoalstomakeithappen.Keepingthegoalwasthemostimportant.29．A．promise B．rule C．heart D．law30．A．shout B．cry C．laugh D．frighten31．A．succeed B．lose C．stop D．move32．A．interesting B．easy C．popular D．safe33．A．a(chǎn)rticles B．songs C．English D．skills34．A．Luckily B．Usually C．Suddenly D．Carefully【標準答案】29．C30．B31．A32．B33．D34．A【思路指引】本文通過作者的親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們一個道理：如果你想，你幾乎可以達到任何目標，但是你必須努力工作來實現(xiàn)你的夢想。29．句意：我17歲的時候，傷透了父親的心。promise承諾；rule規(guī)則；heart心；law法律。根據(jù)下文“Hehadsavedenoughmoneytosendmetocollegetobeealawyer.ThreemonthslaterIwashometellinghimthatIhadleftcollege”可知此處是指“我”傷透了父親的心，故選C。30．句意：三個月后，我回到家告訴他我離開了大學——這是我第一次看到他哭。shout大喊；cry哭；laugh笑；frighten使驚恐。根據(jù)“hesaidwithtearsinhiseyes.”可知此處是指父親哭了，故選B。31．句意：我不僅想要成功——我必須要成功。succeed成功；lose失去；stop停止；move移動。根據(jù)“Noteveryonehasthechancetofeelit.Ididn’tjustwantto...Ihadto.”結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知此處是指想要成功，故選A。32．句意：這并不容易，因為我對市場營銷幾乎一無所知。interesting有趣的；easy容易的；popular流行的；safe安全的。根據(jù)“becauseIknewalmostnothingaboutmarketing”可知當一名銷售員是不容易的，故選B。33．句意：我去了，學到了很多有用的技能。articles文章；songs歌曲；English英語；skills技巧。根據(jù)“ThenamanintroducedmetotheEdwardstrainingcourse(培訓課程).Iwentandlearnedalotofuseful...”可知此處是指學到了很多有用的技能。故選D。34．句意：幸運的是，他同意讓我試試。Luckily幸運地；Usually通常；Suddenly突然；Carefully仔細地。根據(jù)“heagreedtoletmetry.”可知此處是指作者很幸運，愛德華茲先生讓他嘗試了，故選A。六、Whatwillthehomeofthefuturelooklike?AteamofarchitectsinHongKongsaythatcityhomeswillbeverysmall,aspopulationscontinueto___35___andspacebeesmoreexpensive.Theyhavedesigned“spaceflats”thatareonly30squaremetresin___36___.Theseflatshavesmallrooms:alivingroom,abathroomandabedroom,aswellasabalcony,buteverythingiscarefullyplannedtomakegooduseofthelimitedspace.Thelivingroomisthemainroomoftheflat.Itcanbeusedasanoffice,akitchenandevenasecondbedroom.Thereisasofathatcanbechangedintoabed.Thediningtablecanbechange