專題7.被動(dòng)語態(tài)知識(shí)梳理與精練

Successistheabilitytogofromonefailuretoanotherwithnolossofenthusiasm.成功是，你即使跨過一個(gè)又一個(gè)失敗，但也沒有失去熱情。被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為be動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,即“be+done”。在不同的時(shí)態(tài)中,be動(dòng)詞有不同的形式。二、常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。ThiswatchismadeinChina.這塊手表是中國(guó)制造的。2.沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Manytreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年必須種許多樹。3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越來越多的人說漢語。(強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語的廣泛使用)4.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是物。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.許多房子被洪水沖走了。三．不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的結(jié)合是河北中考的必考點(diǎn),尤其是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+doneTheclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般過去時(shí)was/were+doneThekitewasmadebyhim.一般將來時(shí)will/shall+bedoneTreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.2.其他時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)例句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+beendoneTheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.過去完成時(shí)had+beendoneTheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJimbylastweek.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+beingdoneTheflowersarebeingwateredbyher.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+beingdoneAletterwasbeingwrittenbyher.過去將來時(shí)would/begoingto+bedoneHesaidakitewouldbemadebyhim.3.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done”。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedtoday.你的作業(yè)今天必須完成。四．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的技巧指導(dǎo)（1）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定考點(diǎn)單項(xiàng)填空對(duì)語態(tài)的考查均會(huì)結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)，4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中一般包含兩個(gè)主動(dòng)語態(tài)，兩個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)；而其對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的考查一般不會(huì)涉及語態(tài)。因此，如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即可判斷此題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，由此便可排除非被動(dòng)語態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。（2）根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)選答案首先，考生需要根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞（時(shí)間狀語）來判斷時(shí)態(tài)。對(duì)于沒有關(guān)鍵詞的試題，則要根據(jù)上下文已經(jīng)給出的時(shí)態(tài)、語境理解并結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。如：—Tellmeonethingyou’reproudofinyourjuniorhighschool,Tony.—I___asthecaptainoftheschoolfootballteam.A.chooseB.choseC.amchosenD.waschosen方法點(diǎn)撥第1步：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)A、B為時(shí)態(tài)，C、D為被動(dòng)語態(tài)可知本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此可排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。第2步：再根據(jù)語境可知，Tony被選為校足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)是他初中生活中最值得驕傲的一件事情，說明這是已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。故選D。五．常見主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況（1）主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞（如：hear,see,watch,notice等）后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to還原，即：hear(see)sb.dosth.→sb.beheard(seen)todosth.。Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomintheevening.→Thegirlisoftenheardtosinginherroomintheeveningbyus.晚上我們經(jīng)常聽到那個(gè)女孩在她的房間里唱歌。（2）主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞（如：make,let等）后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原，即：makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.。主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義的情況（1）動(dòng)詞open,read,sell,write等作不及物動(dòng)詞,且它們的主語為物時(shí)。如：Thepenwriteswell.這支鋼筆很好用。（2）某些連系動(dòng)詞（如smell,look,taste,feel,sound等）描述某物特性時(shí)。如：Thiskindofflowersmellssweet.這種花聞起來很香。（3）一些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。①beworthdoing中,doing表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Thismovieisworthwatching.這部電影值得一看。②“need/require+doing”相當(dāng)于“need/require+tobedone”,tobedone是不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Yourcarneedswashing.=Yourcarneedstobewashed.你的汽車該洗了。隨堂練習(xí)一．根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1.Thiskindofpants well.這種褲子賣得好。

2.Thatstory interesting.那個(gè)故事聽起來有趣。

3.Thisbookisworth .這本書值得讀。

4.Mywatchneeds .

我的表需要修理。5.Thisshopis at8:00inthemorning.

這家商店早上八點(diǎn)開門。二．單項(xiàng)選擇1.—DoyoulikethefamousbasketballstarKobe?—Yes,Ireallylikehim.He___bymanypeoplearoundtheworld.A.admireB.admiresC.isadmired D.isadmiring2.—Yourscarffeelssoft.DidyoubuyitinChina?—No,IboughtitinFrance.Butit___inChina.A.ismaking B.wasmadeC.makes D.made3.—DuringtheAPECsummit(峰會(huì)),Beijing’sskywassoblueandclear.—It___APECblue.Buttoobaditnolongerstaysthatway.A.iscalled B.arecalledC.called D.calls4.China’shotwords,liketuhao,damaandlianghui,___inthewesternmedia(媒體).A.usewidely B.iswidelyusedC.useswidely D.arewidelyused5.—___freebreakfasts___inallschoolsinChina?—No,notyet.Onlyintheruralareas.A.Are;made B.Do;serveC.Are;served D.Do;make6.WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chinese___byalargenumberofpeopleintheworld.A.speaks B.isspokenC.speak D.isspeaking7.—Whydoestheearthlookblueinspace?—Becausemostoftheearth’ssurface___byocean.A.covers B.iscoveredC.cover D.arecovered8.Emilywasgladthatshe___forherhonestyatthatmeeting.A.praises B.praisedC.ispraised D.waspraised9.HeJiang___togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.A.invites B.invitedC.isinvited D.wasinvited10.NowallChinesecouples___tohavetwochildren.A.allow B.allowedC.areallowed D.wereallowed課后練習(xí)一．完成下列句子這些女孩子們一個(gè)月之前被教授如何跳舞,現(xiàn)在她們能跳好了。Thegirlshowtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycanwell.

一座橋?qū)⒃诤由媳唤ㄔ?。將來它能?jié)省我們很多時(shí)間Abridgeovertheriver.Itcansaveusalotoftimeinthefuture.

如果學(xué)生們被允許擁有兼職工作,他們擁有的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間可能就更少了。Ifstudentstohaveaparttimejob,theymayhavelesstimetostudy.

4.WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.（改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)）→ 5.Hegavemeabook.（改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)）→ .(將間接賓語改為主語)→ .(將直接賓語改為主語)6.Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.（改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)）→ 7.Isawsomeboysplayingfootballintheplayground.（改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)）→ 8.Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomintheevening.（改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)）→ 二．單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Haveyoufinishedyourreportongreenlife?—Notyet.I'llmakeitifI___anothertwodays.A.give B.amgivenC.willgive D.willbegiven2.Paper___first___about2,000yearsagoinChina.A.is;creating B.is;createdC.has;created D.was;created3.—Maria,IlookedforyoueverywhereatKevin’sbirthdaypartyyesterday.—Oh,Ididn’tgo,becauseI.

A.hasn’tinvited B.wasn’tinvitedC.isn’tinvited D.didn’tinvited4.—Whydidyourschoolwinthebasketballgame?—Becausebasketballasanafterschoolactivityinourschoolthisterm.

A.hasplayed B.wasplayedC.isplayed D.willplay5.AtalkonhowtobeeasuccessfullearnerintheschoolhallnextMonday.

A.willgive B.givesC.isgiven D.willbegiven6..Mybrother