2024-2025高中英語Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars課時(shí)作業(yè)3含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEUnit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ.單句語法填空1．Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.2．Doremembertowatchoutforcarswhilecrossingthestreet.3．Whatmakesmepuzzled(puzzle)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.4．Weliveinaglobal(globe)village,butthisdoesn'tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.5．Thebiologist(biology)thinksthatsomeplantsinthisareaareindangerofextinction.6．Mostchildrenneedencouragementinthefaceoffailuresothattheycancheerupagain.7．Wedecidedtocutdownthetreeinfrontofthewindowbecauseitblockedoutthesunlight.8．Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,causing(cause)seriousfloodsinseveralprovinces.9．Hearingtheexcitingnews,hewastooexcitedto_say(say)aword.10．Theboyoftenbreaksinwhilehisparentsarespeaking.Ⅱ.閱讀理解Mostpeoplehaveexperiencedostracism(孤立)asanobserver,whetherinschool,atwork,oramongfamilyorfriends.Eventhepeoplewhoarenotintroubleoftencouldn'tkeepcalmwhenitcomestoostracism.Andwhenagroupostracizessomeoneoutofunkindreasons,othersusuallyviewitverynegativelyasunfair.However,outsidersmayalsojudge(評判)ostracismtobeacceptable,forexample,whenthepersonostracizedhasbehavedoutofplace.AresearchteamfromtheUniversityofTheresearchersshowedthevolunteersvarioussituationsofostracism.Imaginetherewerethreestudentsinaroom.Theideasandsuggestionsfromoneofthestudentswereregularlytakennonoticebytheothertwo.Whentheostracizedpersonwas“different”fromtheothertwo,forexample,outsidersjudgedtheostracismtobeunfair.Theywereannoyedatthetwostudents.However,whenthegroupmembersweremoresimilar—suchasallfromthesamecountry,theoutsiders'viewpointschanged.Inthiscase,theythoughttheostracizedpersonwasnegative,andconsideredtheostracismonhim/herwasreasonable.“Thesestudiesareimportantfortopicssuchasostracisminschoolsorworkplaces，”saysRudert.Whenpeoplearetooheavilyinfluencedbyfactorsonthesurfaceonlyanddon'tcareactualinformation,itcanquicklyleadtomisjudgments.“Infact，”saysRudert,“youshouldalwaystrytounderstandthewholehistorybehindanostracismsituationbeforejudging.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇爭論文，論述了群體內(nèi)的相像性影響著人們對孤立現(xiàn)象的評判。1．Whatdooutsidersthinkofostracism?A．Itisalwaysunfair.B．Itisunkindtoothers.C．Itcanbeacceptedattimes.D．Itcanhelppeoplekeepcalm.答案與解析：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“outsidersmayalsojudgeostracismtobeacceptable...”可知，旁觀者有時(shí)認(rèn)為孤立是可以接受的。2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Thereare2,785volunteerstotallyinthestudies.B．Theostracizedpeoplebehavedifferentlyfromothers.C．Thesestudiesexaminetheevidenceofpeople'sdifferences.D．Peopleareeasilyinfluencedbyotherswhenjudgingsomebody.答案與解析：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Theresultshowsthatwhensomebodyisvisiblydifferentfromtheothers,thepersonwillbeostracized.Weconsiderthatthispersonisostracizedonlybecauseofdifferences.”可知，被孤立的人通常行為舉止異于他人。3．Theoutsidersshowednegativeopinionsontheostracizedpersonwhen________.A．thepersonhadannoyedthemB．thereweremoresimilaritiesamongthemC．theirideasweretakennonoticebythepersonD．theywantedtohavenorelationshipwiththeperson答案與解析：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“whenthegroupmembersweremoresimilar—suchasallfromthesamecountry,theoutsiders'viewpointschanged.Inthiscase,theythoughttheostracizedpersonwasnegative,andconsideredtheostracismonhim/herwasreasonable.”可知，當(dāng)小組成員有相像之處的時(shí)候，旁觀者不會憐憫被孤立的人。4．What'sRudert'ssuggestionontheostracism?A．Givingsupporttotheostracizedpeople.B．Payingmoreattentiontotheostracizedpeople.C．Knowingabouttheactualsituationbeforejudging.D．Avoidingtalkingaboutostracizedpeopleinschools.答案與解析：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“youshouldalwaystrytounderstandthewholehistorybehindanostracismsituationbeforejudging.”可知，Rudert建議人們在評判之前先了解狀況。Ⅲ.七選五Yourownbackyardmaybeafunplacetoplay.Youmayhavetreestoclimb,andinsectstostudy.__1__，Butdidyouknowthesethingsarerelatedtoeachotherthroughthefoodchain?Everypartofnaturebelongstoacommunitywhereeachmemberusesthelowermemberstostayalive.Everypartoftheworldhasfoodchains,includingtheoceansandthedeserts(沙漠).__2__，thewholechaincouldfallapart.Thefoodchainismostdisturbed(擾亂)bypeoplebecausewebuildneighborhoodsonthelandwhereanimalsliveandwepollutetheenvironment.Boththeseactionsmakeitdifficultforotherlivingthingstosurvive.Stillthereisalotwecandotoprotectthepartsoffoodchains.Herearesomeideasthatcanhelp：__3__.Makeyourbackyardaplacethatotherlivingthingscanenjoy.Plantmoreflowersandtrees.And,mostofall,trynottodisturbtheplaceswhereotheranimalslive.Donotpollutetheenvironment.Recycle(回收)anymaterialyoucan.__4__.Havingfewercarsontheroadmeanshavingbetterairforallofustobreathe.Keeplearningaboutandrespecting(敬重)plants,animals,andtheenvironment.__5__.Youmayevenpassitontoyourownchildrensomeday.It'simportantthatasmanypeopleaspossibleprotectnatureandkeepthefoodchainwhole.A．ShareyourspaceB．IfyoueverwanttoseeitC．ButifonepartistakenawayD．WedependoneachotherforfoodandsurvivalE．RideyourbikeorwalktoplacesthatyouneedtogoF．YoucanthenpassthisinformationontoyourparentsandfriendsG．Maybeyouhearbirdssingingorseeyourpetcatsleepinginthesun【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了愛護(hù)生態(tài)平衡的重要性以及方法。答案與解析：1．G此空設(shè)于段中。G項(xiàng)中的“birdssinging”和“petcatsleepinginthesun”與空前的“havetreestoclimb,andinsectstostudy”相呼應(yīng)，都是對首段第一句“Yourownbackyardmaybeafunplacetoplay”的說明說明。2．C此空設(shè)于段中。依據(jù)第一段中的“thingsarerelatedtoeachotherthroughthefoodchain”和“Everypartofnaturebelongstoacommunity...”可知，食物鏈中的任何一個(gè)部分缺失，都會使整個(gè)食物鏈垮掉。C項(xiàng)中的takenaway與該空后的fallapart相呼應(yīng)。3．A此空設(shè)于段首?？蘸蟮摹癕akeyourbackyardaplacethatotherlivingthingscanenjoy.Plantmoreflowersandtrees”和“trynottodisturbtheplaceswhereotheranimalslive”與A項(xiàng)的Shareyourspace相呼應(yīng)。4．E此空設(shè)于段中。由本段小標(biāo)題Donotpollutetheenvironment可知，E項(xiàng)中的“Rideyourbikeorwalktoplaces”與空前的“Recycleanymaterial”和“Havingfewercarsontheroad”都是不污染環(huán)境的做法。5．FF項(xiàng)中的“thisinformation”與該空后的it都是指代本段小標(biāo)題“Keeplearningaboutandrespectingplants,animals,andtheenvironment”。Ⅳ.完形填空AlittlegirlcreatedtheperfectMother'sDaygift.Itwasadrawingofa__1__onwhitepaperwiththewords“Formom:love,love,love”decoratedinhearts.Shefolded(折疊)herletter,__2__thenshelostit.Formostpeople,thatwouldbethe__3__ofthisstory,butthisstoryhasadifferentresult:JamesCarrell__4__theletter.Hehadjust__5__hismother,wishingherahappyMother'sDay.Afterhegotoffthephone,Carrellsawthe__6__onthegroundoutsideofahardware(五金器具)storeinManvelinTexas,UnitedStates.“I__7__itwasanote，”saidCarrell.“I__8__itupandsawtheflowerandhearts.It__9__movedme.”Carrellthoughttheletterwould__10__someone'sdayandmaybehecouldfindthe__11__，soheposteditintheTalkofAlvinFacebookgroup.Themessage__12__alotofpeople,especiallyoneman.“Iwassittingatmyfriend'shouseandsawaman__13__，”saidCarrell.HisFacebookcomments(評論)includedamessagefromRobertoAlvarado.Hewrote,“Ican't__14__youfoundmybaby'sletter.”CarrellreachedouttoAlvaradoto__15__theletter.Ittookafewdays,butthemenfinally__16__onThursdaynight,onedayafterAlvatado'sdaughterNataliecelebratedherseventhbirthday.“__17__thelettermadeithome，”saidAlvarado.“Weare__18__forwhatJamesCarrelldid.”Weoftenforgetthepowerof__19__things,butforthisfamilyfromAlvin,Carrell'ssmallactlefta(n)__20__impression(影響)．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，一名男子撿到一位小女孩寫給她母親的節(jié)日祝愿信，很受感動(dòng)。于是他在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布帖子找尋主子，最終將其物歸原主。1．A.babyB．girlC．cardD．flower答案與解析：D依據(jù)下文中的“I...itupandsawtheflowerandhearts”可知，這幅畫畫的是一朵花(flower)，并且上面有專心形裝飾的話語。2．A.soB．onceC．butD．until答案與解析：C“Shefoldedherletter”與“thenshelostit”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。3．A.endB．partC．sceneD．cause答案與解析：A依據(jù)第一段可知，小女孩丟了自己畫的一幅畫。通常這樣的物品丟了以后，沒人會在意。也就是說，對大多數(shù)人來說，故事就這樣結(jié)束(end)了。4．A.wroteB．foundC．rememberedD．a(chǎn)nswered答案與解析：B依據(jù)上文中的“shelostit”以及下文中的“Ican't...youfoundmybaby'sletter”可知，JamesCarrell撿到了(found)女孩寫給她母親的節(jié)日祝愿信。5．A.promisedB．invitedC．seenD．called答案與解析：D依據(jù)下文中的“Afterhegotoffthephone”可知，Carrell剛剛給他的母親打電話(called)。6．A.paperB．wordsC．penD．tools答案與解析：A依據(jù)上文可知，Carrell撿到了那位女孩寫給母親的祝愿信。結(jié)合第一段中的“Itwasadrawing...onwhitepaper”可知，此處表示，當(dāng)Carrell掛斷電話之后，在一家五金店外面望見了地上的紙(paper)。7．A.provedB．explainedC．knewD．heard答案與解析：C此處表示Carrell知道(knew)那是一封信。8．A.openedB．putC．gaveD．made答案與解析：A依據(jù)本句中的“sawtheflowerandhearts”可知，Carrell打開(opened)那封信。9．A.hardlyB．reallyC．lightlyD．repeatedly答案與解析：B依據(jù)信的內(nèi)容以及Carrell接下來的做法可知，Carrell很(really)受感動(dòng)。10．A.startB．continueC．ruinD．brighten答案與解析：D結(jié)合語境可推斷，此處表示Carrell覺得收信人看到這份禮物肯定會很興奮(brighten)。11．A.ownerB．manC．houseD．thing答案與解析：A依據(jù)本句中的“soheposteditintheTalkofAlvinFacebookgroup”可知，Carrell覺得他可能會找到信的主子(owner)。12．A.protectedB．helpedC．touchedD．changed答案與解析：C依據(jù)下文中的“HisFacebookcommentsincludedamessagefromRobertoAlvarado”可知，Carrell在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布了關(guān)于這