浙江省效實中學高三下學期第二次適應性考試英語試題

2024屆浙江省效實中學高三年級第二次適應性考試英語學科試題卷考生須知：1．本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）。滿分為150分，考試時間為120分鐘。2．請用黑色簽字筆將學校、班級、姓名、考號分別填寫在答題卷和機讀卡的相應位置上。第I卷（95分）第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhatdoesJimprobablydo?A.Ahost. B.Abusinessman. C.Amusician.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:SoJim,you’veachievedhugesuccessinthemusicbusiness.Howdidthishappen?M:Youseeapopulartalentshowhostsawmyvideoonline,loveditandhisthousandsoffollowersthenwatchedit.Sothathelped.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afilm. B.Atrip. C.Aphoto.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thecountrysidewaswonderful.Ilikethefreshmorningair.M:Yeah,asforthevillagewewenttoyesterday,therewassomuchfogaround.Ithinkitwasagoodplaceforanadventurefilm.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Bringagift. B.Returnsomething. C.Havedinner.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:It’sreallyniceofyoutocookformetonight.W:I’mgladtodoit.You’vebeensohelpfulandit’sonlyfairthatIreturnthefavor.Ihopeyou’vebroughtyourappetite.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whendidthemangethisniece’scall?A.At5:30. B.At6:00. C.At6:20.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:SurelyIhavetomeetmynieceattherailwaystationatsixtwenty.Shecalledmehalfanhourago.Ijusthadanemergencymeeting.W:Oh,it’ssixo’clocknow.Twentyminutestogo.M:Thatisenough.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoesthemanmostlikelylive?A.InCanada. B.InNewYork. C.InCalifornia.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:MywifeandIareplanningondrivingfromCaliforniatoCanadaforafewweeks.M:That’sexciting.MyhusbandandItookacartripfromNewYorktoCanadaafewyearsago.Itwasalotoffun.第二節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Waiterandcustomer.B.Professorandstudent.C.Taxidriverandpassenger.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.ShestudiedDramaintheU.K.B.Shehasthesameaccentastheman.CSheisatourist.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:WheretoMiss?W:Themuseumofnaturalhistoryplease?Andcouldyoustopbysomefastfoodrestaurantontheway?I’dliketobuysometakeout.M:Surething.Atourist,Iguess.W:No,Iwasbornhere.Why?M:Well,youdon’thaveouraccent.W:Oh,thatisprobablybecauseI’vespentmylastfiveyearsinBritain.IstudieddramaattheuniversityofWinchester.Thereyousee.M:OK,welebacktothebigApple.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】M:Weneedtodecideexactlywhenwe’regoingtomove.Anysuggestions?W:IthinkJulywouldbethebesttime.Oursalesarealwaysdownthatmonth.Wecouldmovealltheofficeequipmentataweekend,doeverythingatonce.M:Ithinkaweekends’tooshort.Maybeweshoulddoitdepartmentbydepartment.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,eachweekadifferentdepartmentwouldmovethatway.Therewouldalwaysbepeopleheretohandlecustomerinquiries,phonecallsandsoon.W:Hmm,That’sagoodidea.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.WhatistheonlyproblemofFitzgerald’snewfilmaccordingtotheman?A.Itisuninteresting.B.Itlacksmusicalperformances.C.It’sonlyaimedatoneagegroup.11.WhatinstrumentdoesFitzgeraldlikebest?A.Theviolin. B.Thepiano. C.Theguitar.12.WhydomanyimportantpeopledislikeFitzgerald?A.Hedoesn’trespectotherpeople.B.Hechangeshismindquiteoften.C.Heexpresseshisviewsdirectly.13.WhatdoesthemanthinkofFitzgerald’spersonality?A.Attractive. B.Warmhearted. C.Outgoing.【答案】10.C11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】M:IthinkthenewfilmthatFitzgeralddirectedisquitegood.Theonlyproblemisthatit’saimedatteenagersonly.Itholdsnointerestforanyotheragegroup.W:IlikethegreatmusicalperformancesinFitzgerald’sfilm.He’salsoagiftedviolinistandguitarist,isn’the?M:Well,Ineverseehimplaytheviolinortheguitar.AsfarasIknow,thepianoistheonlyinstrumenthelikes.W:I’veheardthatquiteafewimportantpeopledislikehim.Doyouknowanythingaboutthis?M:Well,Fitzgerald’sexpressedhisopinionsdirectlyandthatsometimesmakesthoseimportantpeopleannoyed.Yousee,hehashisownideasaboutlifeandhedoesn’tsimplytakeonotherpeople’sbecausetheyarefamous.Indeed,itisthisveryaspectofhispersonalitythatIfindmostattractive.IthinktheonlypersonheadmiresandrespectsisFreddieTaylor.W:Thattheyhavedifferentpersonalities.Freddiehasawarmheartandheiseasytogetalongwith.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.WhatdoesSallyvaluemostaboutafterschoolactivities?A.Learningnewskills. B.Openingupnewhorizons. C.Helpinggethighergradesatschool.15.WhatdoesJasonbenefitfromdoingvoluntarywork?A.He’sdevelopedhisinterest.B.Heisemployedbyalawfirm.C.He’sgotexperienceforhisfuturecareer.16.WhydoesSallygototheschoolsportscenter?A.Tomakefriends. B.Toorganizegames. C.Topassthetime.【答案】14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Jason,doyoulikeparticipatinginafterschoolactivities?Ithinktheycanbenefitusindifferentways.M:You’reright,Sally,Ioncereadareport.Itshowedthattakingpartinafterschoolactivitiescanhelpstudentsgethighergradesatschool.Also,suchactivitiescanteachusnewskills.W:You’vegotapointthere.Well,broadeningmyhorizonsisatoppriorityforme.Sowhatafterschoolactivitydoyougotonow?M:I’mvolunteeringatalawfirm.Idreamofbeingalawyerandhavelearnedsomeskillsbyworkingthere.I’msuresuchexperiencecanhelpmakemydreametrueoneday.Whataboutyou?W:Ithinkparticipatinginthesameactivityassomeoneelseoftenmeansyouhaveasharedinterestthatcanmaketheparticipantseasiertobeefriends.Ialwaysgototheschoolsportscenter.Icanmeetmanynewpeoplewholoveplayingsports.Wealsoorganizevariousactivitiestopromotefriendship.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Totellhimaboutherwork.B.Toaskforahigherpay.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.18.Howisthebusinessofthepany?A.Worsethanbefore. B.Asgoodasbefore. C.Betterthanbefore.19.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Financialpressure.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Contributiontothepany.20.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’soffer?A.Satisfactory. B.Disappointing. C.Justsoso.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,sir,mayItalktoyou?M:Sure,eonin.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Well,sir,asyouknow,Ihavebeenanemployeeofthisfamousfirmforovertenyears.M:Yes.W:Iwon’tbeataroundtheBush,sir.Iwouldlikearaise.IcurrentlyhavethreepaniesaftermeandsoIdecidedtotalktoyoufirst.M:Araise?Iwouldlovetogiveyouaraise,butthisisjustnottherighttime.W:IunderstandyourpositionandIknowthatthecurrenteconomicdownturnhashadanegativeimpactonsale,butyoumustalsotakeintoconsiderationmyhardworkperformanceandloyaltytothispanyforoveradecade.M:Takingintoaccountthesefactors,andconsideringIdon’twanttostartlosingqualifiedpersons,I’mwillingtoofferyouatenpercentraiseandanextrafivedaysofvacationtime.Howdoesthatsound?W:Great,it’sadeal.Thankyou,sir.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheLindaHallLibraryisopentothepublicfreeofchargeduringregularlibraryhours.Thereisnochargeforgettingalibrarycard.Patronscanrequestandusematerialsinthelibrary,providedtheitemsareingoodphysicalcondition.Tosignupforaborrowingaccount,youmustbearesidentoftheKansasCityarea.YouhavetoprovideacurrentstateorfederalphotoIDwithaKCareastreetaddress.AphotoIDplusutilitybillinyournameisneededifthecurrentaddressdiffersfromthatontheID.PatronsmustshowtheirLHLlibrarycardoraphotoIDatthetimeofcheckout.WhoCanBorrow:IndividualslivingwithintheKansasCityareaasdefinedbelow:Missouri—Bates,Caldwell,Cass,Clay,Clinton,Jackson,Johnson,Iafayette,Platte,RayKansas—Douglas,Franklin,Johnson,Leavenworth,L.inn,Miami,WyandotteEstablishedbusinesseswithintheKCarea.ContactReferenceServicesat8169268701orreference@formoreinformationaboutauthorizedborrowingforbusinesses,orfilloutourwebapplication.Studentsfaculty,andstaffparticipatinginCourtesyCardinstitutions.ContactformoreinformationabouttheCourtesyCardProgram.IfyouwishtoborrowfromtheLindaHallLibrarybutdonotmeettheabovecriteria,pleasecontactyourlocallibraryandrequesttoborrowthroughinterlibraryloanfromDocumentDeliveryServices.Formoreinformationonhowtorequestlibrarymaterials,pleaseseethisguideonMakingRequestsinPrimo.Youmaywishtoregistertoattendaninperson“NavigatingLindaHallLibrary”session.21.Whatisamustforborrowingmaterialsfromthelibrary?A.Acurrentlytakenphoto. B.Aborrowingaccount.C.Aguaranteedeposit. D.Anauthorizedapplication.22.Whichofthefollowingpersonscanborrowmaterialsfromthelibrary?A.Astudentstudyinginacollege.B.AnindividuallivinginWashington.C.ApersonworkingapanyintheKCarea.D.ApersonworkingforCourtesyCardProgram.23.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudon’tmeetthecriteriaforthelibrary?A.Filloutanapplicationonline.B.Turntoyourlocallibraryforhelp.C.Followtheofficialguidance.D.Borrowsomematerialsonline.【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹了琳達·霍爾圖書館辦理免費借閱證的條件，以及具體措施?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tosignupforaborrowingaccount,youmustbearesidentoftheKansasCityarea.YouhavetoprovideacurrentstateorfederalphotoIDwithaKCareastreetaddress.(要注冊一個借閱賬戶，你必須是堪薩斯城地區(qū)的居民。您必須提供帶有KC地區(qū)街道地址的當前州或聯(lián)邦帶照片的身份證件。)”以及“PatronsmustshowtheirLHLlibrarycardoraphotoIDatthetimeofcheckout.(讀者在圖書館把書借出時必須出示LHL借書證或帶照片的身份證件。)”可知，從圖書館借閱資料必須有借閱賬戶，借閱資料時必須出示LHL借書證或帶照片的身份證件。故選B?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhoCanBorrow:”下文中的“EstablishedbusinesseswithintheKCarea.(在KC內(nèi)所建立的企業(yè))”可知，在KC地區(qū)的公司工作的人可以從圖書館借書。故選C。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“IfyouwishtoborrowfromtheLindaHallLibrarybutdonotmeettheabovecriteria,pleasecontactyourlocallibraryandrequesttoborrowthroughinterlibraryloanfromDocumentDeliveryServices.(如果您想從琳達·霍爾圖書館借閱但不符合上述標準，請聯(lián)系您當?shù)貓D書館，并請求通過館際互借從‘文獻傳遞服務’借閱。)”可知，如果你不符合圖書館的標準，你可以向你當?shù)氐膱D書館尋求幫助，通過“文獻傳遞服務”申請館際互借。故選B。BAsahockeyparent,whilewatchingmysonplayedfromMitetoBantam,HouseLeaguetoTravel,I’velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids.Inhisthirdseasonin2019,myson’steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,pizza.Inshort,itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.Heimprovedasaplayer,butdidnotmuchchangeasaperson.However,whathappenedthenextyearaddeditsstorytothelegendsofsportinginpetence.Notmerelyweakbutprettilybad,thisteamlost40oftheirfirst50games,mostofthedefeatsinginthecourseoftwolosingstreaks.Foratime,Iworriedthatthesestreakswouldkillmychild’sloveofthegame.Butthat’snotwhathappened.Asbadasitgot,thelosingwasclarifying.Itweededoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingjustthediehardsbehind.Whatstartedasalistof17oftheteamwascutdownto12.Itwasespeciallyinstructiveforthekids.Ittaughthimagreattruthoftheworld:Foreveryonegood,thereissomeonebetter.What’smore,thekidswerelearningthegameinawaythatonlylosingcanteach.Eachplayergottoplayeverywhere,tolearnandappreciatetheroleofeverypositionontheice.Theykeptaneyeontheiropponentstoo,studyingandincorporatingthetricksofsuccess.Inanefforttobreakthestreak,theywentbacktobasics,acceptedthewisdomofthehockeyancients:Ifplayinglikeateam,theycandefeatacollectionofallstars;Ifdoingsmallandunappreciatedtaskswell,theycangetthegoal.Thisnewteamhadcharacterandcouldneverbecountedout,nomatterthescore.Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheson’steaminthethirdseasonin2019?A.Theteamhadabadperformance.B.Theteamdidn’tliveuptotheauthor’sexpectations.C.Theteamplayedtypicallywellandwonallthegames.D.Theteamdidn’thavethespiritoffacingfailure.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clarify”referto?A.Thelosingmadethekidsbetterunderstandhockey.B.Thelosinghelpedthekidslearnagreattruthoftheworld.C.Thelosingseparatedtrueplayerfromthoseplayingforglory.D.Thelosingboostedthekids’teamwork.26.Accordingtotheauthor,whathavetheson’steamlearned?A.Foreverythingbig,thereissomethingbigger.B.Hopeforthebest,butpreparefortheworst.C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D.Thehardestbattleyou’regoingtofightisthebattletobejustyou.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowKidsCanDealWithLosing B.WhatKidsCanLearnFromLosingC.WhyKidsCanBenefitFromLosing D.HowKidsCanGetOverFromLosing【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的孩子和其隊友打曲棍球，他們從不斷的失敗中學到了一些教訓?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inhisthirdseasonin2019,myson’steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,pizza.Inshort,itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.Heimprovedasaplayer,butdidnotmuchchangeasaperson.(2019年是我兒子的第三個賽季，他所在的球隊從未輸過3場以上的比賽。有快樂，有吹噓，有慶祝，有披薩。簡而言之，這是一個典型的優(yōu)秀青年曲棍球賽季。作為一名球員，他有了進步，但作為一個人，他并沒有太大的變化)”可知，2019年的第三個賽季，作者兒子的球隊非常優(yōu)秀，雖然失敗過，但是還是很開心，并沒有真正體會到失敗帶給他們的影響。由此推知，作者認為兒子的球隊缺乏面對失敗的精神。故選D?！?5題詳解】指代猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“Itweededoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingjustthediehardsbehind.(它淘汰了那些不是為了比賽，而是為了榮譽的孩子，只留下了頑固分子)”可知，雖然孩子的球隊比賽失敗，但是失敗讓一切變得很明朗，因為這淘汰了那些不是為了比賽，而是為了榮譽的孩子，只留下了頑固分子。由此可推知，劃線單詞clarify代指下文內(nèi)容，即失敗將真正的球員和為榮譽而戰(zhàn)的球員分開了。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.(他們學到了最重要的一課：你可以輸?shù)槐淮驍?。他們勉強進入州錦標賽，然后一路進入決賽，在加時賽中決出冠軍。當他們輸?shù)舯荣悾M入握手的行列時，他們并不是作為亞軍，而是作為一支以唯一的方式——失敗——成為贏家的球隊)”可知，作者兒子的團隊雖然失敗了，但他們不斷進步，不斷面對更大的挑戰(zhàn)，成為更好的自己。由此可推知，作者認為，孩子們學到的教訓是：對于強大的挑戰(zhàn)，要不斷進步，因為總有更大挑戰(zhàn)在等著你。故選A?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的“I’velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids.(我明白了輸球?qū)⒆觼碚f可能是最好的)”和最后一段中的“Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.(他們學到了最重要的一課：你可以輸?shù)槐淮驍?。他們勉強進入州錦標賽，然后一路進入決賽，在加時賽中決出冠軍。當他們輸?shù)舯荣?，進入握手的行列時，他們并不是作為亞軍，而是作為一支以唯一的方式——失敗——成為贏家的球隊)”可知，文章主要講述了作者的孩子和其隊友打曲棍球，他們從不斷的失敗中學到了一些教訓。由此可知，B選項“WhatKidsCanLearnFromLosing(孩子們能從失敗中學到什么)”適合作文章最佳標題。故選B。CInthelate1970s,archaeologists(考古學家)uncoveredtheremainsofawomanandayoungdog,herhandrestingonthepuppy’schestina12,000yearoldvillage.Thefindissomeoftheearliestevidenceofthebondbetweenhumansanddogs.Butevenafteryearsofstudyresearchersaredividedonhowthisbondbegan.Diditariseoverthousandsofyears,asearlydogsbecametamer(馴服的)andmoreaccustomedtohumanbehaviors?Orwasthisfirealreadyburningintheancestorsofdogs:thegraywolf?ChristinaHansenWheat,abehavioralecologistatStockholmUniversity,andworkmateshandraised10graywolvesfromthetimetheywere10daysold.Whentheanimalswere23weeksold,acaregiverledthemoneatatimeintoamostlyemptyroom.Overthecourseofseveralminutes,thecaregiverexitedandenteredtheroom,sometimesleavingthewolfalone,sometimesleavingitwithapletestranger.Theteamrepeatedtheexperimentwith1223weekoldAlaskanhuskies(哈士奇),whichthey’draisedsimilarlysincepuppyhood.Forthemostpart,thescientistssawfewdifferencesbetweenthewolvesandthedogs.Whentheircaregiverenteredtheroom,bothspeciesscored4.6onafivepointscaleof“greetingbehavior”—adesiretobearoundthehuman.Whenthestrangerentered,doggreetingbehaviordroppedto4.2andwolfto3.5,onaverage,suggestingbothanimalsmadeadistinctionbetweenthepersontheyknewandtheonetheydidn’t.It’sthisdistinctionthattheteamcountsasasignofattachment.Inaddition,dogsbarelypaced—asignofstress—duringthetest,whilewolvespacedatleastpartofthetime.However,thewolvesstoppedpacingalmostentirelywhenastrangerlefttheroomandtheircaretakerreturned.HansenWheatsaysthat’sneverbeenseenbeforeinwolves.Itcouldbeasign,shesays,thattheanimalsviewthehumanswhoraisedthemasa“socialbuffer”.Forher,that’sthemostinterestingpartofthestudy.“Ifthisistrue,thissortofattachmentisnotwhatseparatesdogsfromwolves,”shesays.Inotherwords,itdidn’thavetobebredintothembyhumans,butcouldhavebeentheseedweselectedfor,andthenstrengthenedoverthousandsofyears.28.What’sthepurposeofHansenWheat’sexperiment?A.Tofindoutwhatmakesgraywolvesanddogsdifferent.B.Toexplainthereasonswhyhumansraiseddogsfromancienttimes.C.Toarguegraywolvesafterbeingtamedareeasiertokeepthandogs.D.Toprovewhethergraywolvescanmakedoglikeattachmenttopeople.29.WhatdoweknowaboutHansenWheat’sexperimentfromparagraph3and4?A.Researchersbegantoraisegraywolvesfromtheirbirth.B.Researchersusedequalnumbersofgraywolvesanddogs.C.Graywolvesfeltmorestressfulthandogswhenastrangercame.D.“Greetingbehavior”ofthetwoanimalswassignificantlydifferent.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“socialbuffer”inparagraph5mean?A.Areminderoffeeding. B.Asignofsocialattachment.C.Asourceoffortandsupport. D.Awarningofstoppingpace.31.WhatwillHansenWheatprobablyagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Dogsaremoreattachedtohumansthangraywolves.B.Itistheattachmenttohumansthatsetsgraywolvesapartfromdogs.C.Theattachmentbetweendogsandhumansistheresultofbeingtamed.D.Theattachmenttohumansplaysaroleinthechoiceofdogsorgraywolves.【答案】28.D29.C30.C31.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了狼和狗與人類之間的聯(lián)系，以及它們在陌生人、陌生環(huán)境前的表現(xiàn)。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。第二段提到“Butevenafteryearsofstudyresearchersaredividedonhowthisbondbegan.Diditariseoverthousandsofyears,asearlydogsbecametamer(馴服的)andmoreaccustomedtohumanbehaviors?Orwasthisfirealreadyburningintheancestorsofdogs:thegraywolf?”（但即使經(jīng)過多年的研究，研究人員對這種聯(lián)系是如何開始的仍存在分歧。它是在幾千年的時間里，隨著早期的狗變得更馴服，更習慣人類的行為而出現(xiàn)的嗎?或者這種火已經(jīng)在狗的祖先灰狼身上燃燒了?）由此判斷，研究人員想要了解人和狗之間的親密關(guān)系是狗變得更容易馴服之后形成的還是在狗的祖先狼身上就已經(jīng)形成，即他們想證明狼是否也會和人做出像狗一樣的親密活動。故選D?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。第四段提到“Whenthestrangerentered,doggreetingbehaviordroppedto4.2andwolfto3.5,onaverage,suggestingbothanimalsmadeadistinctionbetweenthepersontheyknewandtheonetheydidn’t.”（當陌生人進來時，狗的問候行為平均下降到4.2分，狼的問候行為平均下降到3.5分，這表明這兩種動物都區(qū)分了它們認識的人和不認識的人。）由此判斷，當狼和狗遇到陌生人的時候，他們的分數(shù)都有所下降，尤其是狼的分數(shù)更低，說明狼會在陌生人面前會更加有壓力。故選C。【30題詳解】詞義猜測題。第五段提到“Inaddition,dogsbarelypaced—asignofstress—duringthetest,whilewolvespacedatleastpartofthetime.However,thewolvesstoppedpacingalmostentirelywhenastrangerlefttheroomandtheircaretakerreturned.”（此外，狗在測試中幾乎沒有踱步——這是壓力的一種表現(xiàn)，而狼至少在部分時間里踱步。然而，當一個陌生人離開房間，它們的管理員回來時，狼幾乎完全停止了踱步。）由此判斷，狼在陌生的環(huán)境和面對陌生人的時候會更加感覺到壓力，但是當它熟悉的人回來之后，它就停止了踱步，說明熟悉的人的緩解了它的壓力，而這個熟悉的人是帶給它支持和安慰的人。故選C。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。最后一段提到“Inotherwords,itdidn’thavetobebredintothembyhumans,butcouldhavebeentheseedweselectedfor,andthenstrengthenedoverthousandsofyears.”（換句話說，它不必由人類培育，而可能是我們選擇的種子，然后經(jīng)過數(shù)千年的強化。）由此判斷，狼和狗一樣對人都有依戀，只不過人類選擇了狗為載體培養(yǎng)了這顆依戀的種子，因此對于人的依戀才是最重要的。故選D。DAlmostallhumansacquireatleastonelanguagebeforetheageoffive.Howdoyoungchildrenunderstandandproduceplexsentenceswithplicatedmeanings?Doadultslearnlanguagedifferentlyfromchildren?Mostlinguistic(語言學的)researchersagreethatbothnatureandnurture(后天)areinvolvedinlanguageacquisition.Theydisagree,however,abouthowmuchlinguisticknowledgechildrenhavefrombirthandthuswhethergeneticsorexperienceismoreimportantinlanguageacquisition.Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.Somearguethatsomelinguisticknowledgemustexistinourbrainsfrombirthbecausechildrencannotpossiblyexperienceeveryfeatureoftheirlanguagebeforetheageoffive.Theselinguistspointoutthatnearlyallchildrencanproducethesamekindsofplexsentencestructuresbytheageoffive,evenwithouthavingheardthembefore.Manyresearchershavetheorizedwhatthisinnate(先天的)linguisticknowledgemustlooklike.Onepopulartheory(理論)isuniversalgrammar.Thistheorybelievesthatalllanguageshavethesamebasicstructuralfoundation.Thatfoundationistheinnateknowledgeuniversaltoallhumans.Whilechildrenarenotgeneticallytendingtospeakaparticularlanguage,auniversalgrammargivesthemcertainlinguisticinformationasastartingpoint,whichallowsthemtoreadilyacquiretherulesandpatternsofwhicheverlanguagetheyareexposedto.Notalllinguists,however,believethataninbornabilityforlanguageisthemostimportantfactorinlanguageacquisition.Theseresearchersplacegreateremphasisontheinfluenceofusageandexperience.Theyarguethatchildrenareexposedtoawealthoflinguisticstructuresoverthecourseoffiveyears.Theygatherdataanddeterminelanguagepatternsandstructuresfromwhattheyhaveobserved.Linguistsonbothsidesofthedebatearestillworkingtoexplainthedifferentlanguagelearningabilitiesofadultsandchildren.Earlychildhoodseemstobeanimportantperiodformasteringcertainaspectsoflanguage.Childrenalsotendtohaveaheightenedabilitytolearnsecondlanguages.Whileadultsmayhavesomeadvantageswhenstudyinginaformalclassroom，theyusuallydonotlearnsecondlanguages.Whileadultsmayhavesomeadvantageswhenstudyinginaformalclassroom,theyusuallydonotlearnasquicklyandeasilyaschildren.Arethesedifferentabilitiesaresultofdifferencesinhowadultsandchildrenareexposedtoanewlanguage?Aretheytheresultofbiologicalchanges,ordobothbiologyandexperienceeintoplay?Whileourunderstandingoflanguageacquisitionisinplete,thispursuitiswellworththeeffort.“Westilldon’tunderstandhowachildlearnsitsfirstlanguage,whysomechildrenhavelanguagedisorders,orhowchildrenandadultslearnasecondlanguage,”explainsProfessorJoanMaling.Explainingtheprocessoflanguageacquisitionpromisesnotonlytohelpscientistsanswerthesequestions,butalsotoexplainfundamentalfeaturesoflearningandthehumanbrain.32.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thecontrolofnurtureovernatureinlanguageacquisition.B.Theinfluenceofuniversalgrammarinlanguageacquisition.C.Thebestmethodsforchildrenandadultstoacquirelanguage.D.Theroleofbiologicalandenvironmentalfactorsinlanguageacquisition.33.Whatiscoveredinthesecondpartofthisarticle?A.Studyinglanguageacquisitionwillhelpunderstandlanguageandthebrainbetter.B.Someexpertsbelieveinnatefactorsexplainchildren’slanguagedevelopment.C.Someexpertsfocusontheroleofenvironmentalfactorsinlanguageacquisition.D.Acquiringalanguageisplicated,anditinvolvesbothnatureandnurture.34.Whatcanweknowaboutwhattheauthorwantsfromthe2and3paragraph?A.Presentageneralargumentandthenexplainaspecifictheory.B.Presentaspecifictheoryandthenproposeanewstudytoproveit.C.Presentageneralargumentandthendisproveanoppositeargument.D.Presentascientificdebateandthendiscusswhatalllinguistsagreeon.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph5andParagraph6?A.Toraiseopenquestionsthatalllinguistshave.B.Topresenttwodifferentviewpointsonlanguagelearning.C.Tostresstheimportanceofexperienceinlanguagelearning.D.Tointroduceadultlanguageacquisitionandshowwhyit’sunpopular.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導語】這是是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了生物和環(huán)境因素在語言習得過程中的作用?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Mostlinguistic(語言學的)researchersagreethatbothnatureandnurture(后天)areinvolvedinlanguageacquisition.Theydisagree,however,abouthowmuchlinguisticknowledgechildrenhavefrombirth—andthuswhethergeneticsorexperienceismoreimportantinlanguageacquisition.(大多數(shù)語言學研究者一致認為，先天和后天都與語言習得有關(guān)。然而，對于兒童從出生時就擁有多少語言知識，以及基因和經(jīng)驗在語言習得中哪個更重要，他們意見不一)”及全文可知，文章主要討論了生物和環(huán)境因素在語言習得過程中的作用。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.Somearguethatsomelinguisticknowledgemustexistinourbrainsfrombirthbecausechildrencannotpossiblyexperienceeveryfeatureoftheirlanguagebeforetheageoffive.(對于許多語言學家來說，生物因素在語言學習中是最重要的。一些人認為，某些語言知識一定從出生起就存在于我們的大腦中，因為兒童在五歲之前不可能體驗到他們語言的每一個特征)”可知，一些專家認為，先天因素可以解釋兒童的語言發(fā)展。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.(對于許多語言學家來說，生物因素在語言學習中是最重要的)”和第三段中“Manyresearchershavetheorizedwhatthisinnate(先天的)linguisticknowledgemustlooklike.Onepopulartheory(理論)isuniversalgrammar.(許多研究人員已經(jīng)對這種先天的語言知識進行了理論化。一個流行的理論是普遍語法)”可知，第二段提出一個一般的論點，然后第三段解釋一個具體的理論，故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段和第六段，特別是第五段中“Linguistsonbothsidesoft