考博英語語法重點總結

考博英語語法重點總結（1）獨立主格、虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、主謂一致、倒裝

獨立主格特征

1.充當句子的狀語。

2.有自己的主語，同句子的主語不一致。

3.名詞（代詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞）+分詞

4.With+名詞（代詞）+分詞(形容詞）

例：a)Itbeingraining,Idecidedtostayathome.

b)Speechhavingbeendelivered,discussionstarted.

c)heenteredtheroom,withhishandsopen（holdingarifle).

真題剖析

(1995)45cliffsnolongercrumbling,thebeachesare46ofthematerialwhichwould47feedthem.

45.A.For

B.As

C.With

D.Because

練習：

Dowhatyouneedtodotokeepthewolf__7__fromthedoor,theworld__8__yourthesisadviser,teamleader,orlaboratorydirector.Thenusetherestofyourtime,perhapsatnightorontheweekends,todo__9__youreallywanttodo.

8.A.is

B.having

C.being

D.be

虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣（2）

1.（should）+動詞原形

It+be動詞+形容詞(-able)(essential,odd,vital,absurd,regrettable,desirable…)+that從句

It+be動詞+名詞(pity,shame…)+that從句

It+be動詞+過去分詞(ordered,begged,voted,moved…)+that從句

部分名詞/動詞(表示建議，勸告，決定等)+that從句

2.It’s(high,about)timethat+動詞過去式

wouldrather+動詞過去式

真題剖析

(1997)…Iwouldn’tbetruthfulifI47saythatteachingishardwork.…

47.A.do

B.did

C.don’t

D.didn’t

(1993)…TheCaironewspapersthenextdaycarriedbannerheadlinesaboutthestudentdemonstration52,andthey53thattheprofessorbesenthome.

53.A.ordered

B.pleaded

C.decided

D.demanded

練習：Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimethatwe__15__thismessagetoheart.

15.A.took

B.wouldtake

C.willtake

D.shouldtake

(2003.3)Itisedifying,anditisasourceofinnersatisfactioneven__54__otherfacetsoflifeprovedisappointing.

(evenifotherfacetsoflifeshouldprovedisappointing.)

54.A.shall

B.will

C.would

D.should

非謂語動詞

動名詞、分詞、不定式。

主動或被動。(doing/done,todo/tobedone)

發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前還是之后。(doing/havingdone/havingbeendone,todo/tohavedone/tohavebeen)

To在什么情況下作介詞，什么情況下作不定式引導詞。

真題剖析

(2000)…IntheinnercitiesofAmerica,newspapersregularlyreportonnewbornogarbagebinsbydrug-addictedmothers.

60.A.dropped

B.todrop

C.dropping

D.drops

(2001.3)Aheroinaddict,forinstance,leadsa59life:hisincreasingneedforheroininincreasingdosespreventshimfromworking,frommaintainingrelationships,fromdevelopinginhumanways.

59.A.destructive

B.dissatisfied

C.damaged

D.derivative

主謂一致

1.整體及抽象概念作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。

Howyougottheredoesn’tconcernme.

Growingvegetablesneedsconstantwatering.

2.表示時間、距離、重量、容量、價值等概念作主語，謂語多用單數(shù)。

Eighthundreddollarsisenoughtoliveon.

3.以-s結尾的專有名詞（linguistics,economics,measles,diabetes等），謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。

4.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+主語”，謂語跟主語保持一致。

Twothirdsofthevillagesareflooded(theareaisunderwater).

5.不定代詞(one,each,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something等)作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

Everyoneknowsthatyou’vecomehere.

Ifanybodywantstoseeme,letthemwaittillIcomeback.(--thing的情況例外)

6.謂語同并列主語的第一部分保持一致（aswellas,with,alongwith,togetherwith,asmuchas,accompaniedby,besides,but,except,inadditionto,like,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,including等）

HenolessthanJohnisinterestedinliterature.

7.謂語同最貼近的主語保持一致。(or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…but,partly…partly等)

Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.

8.each,every,manya,no…+主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

ManyastudentandteacherhasbeentotheGreatWall.

真題剖析

(2000)…MexicoCityalready52twentymillionpeopleandCalcuttatwelvemillion.AccordingtotheWorldBank,53ofAfrica’scitiesaregrowingby10%ayear,54ofurbanizationeverrecorded.

53.A.none

B.few

C.any

D.some

倒裝

全部倒裝

1.“There(Here)+be+主語”