英語語法術語

時Tense人稱Person數(shù)Number體Aspect態(tài)Voice帶to不定式To-infinitive不帶to不定式BareInfinitive邊際情態(tài)助動詞MarginalModelAuxiliary排比結(jié)構(gòu)ParallelConstruction復雜介詞ComplexPreposition深層結(jié)構(gòu)DeepStructure動態(tài)形容詞DynamicAdjective靜態(tài)形容詞StativeAdjective-ing分詞–INGParticiple現(xiàn)在分詞PresentParticiple動名詞Gerund邏輯主語LogicalSubject-ed分詞-EDParticiple過去分詞PastParticiple前置修飾語Premodifier主語補語SubjectComplement賓語補語ObjectComplement懸垂分詞DanglingParticiple無依著法則UnattachedParticiple單詞形容詞One-wordAdjective復合形容詞CompoundAdjective中心形容詞CentralAdjective外圍形容詞PeripheralAdjective使役形容詞CausativeAdjective等級形容詞GradableAdjective非等級形容詞Non-gradableAdjective狀語Adverbial連接副詞ConjunctiveAdverb簡單副詞SimpleAdverb派生副詞DerivativeAdverb方式副詞AdverbofManner程度副詞AdverbofDegree時間副詞AdverbofTime頻度副詞AdverbofFrequency地點副詞AdverbofPlace連接副詞ConjunctiveAdverb解說副詞ExplanatoryAdverb修飾性狀語Adjunct評注性狀語Disjunct連接性狀語Conjunct可等級的Gradable原級positive/absolutedegree比較級comparativedegree最高級superlativedegree綜合形式syntheticform比較結(jié)構(gòu)comparativeconstruction調(diào)核nucleus可等級名詞gradablenoun分析性語言analyticlanguage簡單介詞simplepreposition復雜介詞complexpreposition雙詞介詞two-wordpreposition三詞介詞three-wordpreposition四詞介詞four-wordpreposition陳述句statement/declarativesentence疑問句question祈使句command感嘆句exclamation強調(diào)句emphasize強調(diào)附加結(jié)構(gòu)reinforcementtag雙重否定doublenegative修辭疑問句rhetoricalquestion操作詞operator局部否定partialnegation疑問句question/interrogativesentence一般疑問句generalquestion特殊疑問句specialquestion選擇疑問句alternativequestion附加疑問句tagquestion是非問句yes-noquestion非肯定句non-assertiveword肯定詞assertiveword“wh-問句”wh-question附加問句questiontag祈使句command/imperativesentence動詞祈使句imperativesentence感嘆詞exclamation/exclamatorysentence存在句existentialsentence實義主語notionalsubject真主語realsubject36講修飾修飾modification前置修飾語premodifier后置修飾語postmodifier補足成分complementation限定性修飾語RestrictiveModifier非限定性修飾語Non-restrictiveModifier對比含義ContrastiveMeaning分隔修飾DiscontinuousModification句尾中心EndWeight同位語appositive限定性同位語RestrictiveAppositive非限定性同位語Non-restrictiveAppositive狀語Adverbial修飾性狀語&結(jié)合性狀語Adjunct評注性狀語&分離性狀語Disjunct連接性狀語Conjunct37講替代替代Substitition替代詞Substitute名詞性替代NominalSubstitition動詞性替代VerbalSubstitition分句性替代ClausalSubstitition名詞替代詞NominalSubstitute動詞替代詞 VerbalSubstitute 分句替代詞 ClausalSubstitute動詞替代詞&代動詞Pro-verb38講省略省略Ellipsis情境省略SituationalEllipsis39講后置、前置、倒裝詞序WordOrder正常詞序NormalOrder自然次序NaturalOrder后置Postponement句尾焦點EndFocus句尾重心EndWeight傳遞信息的單位InformationUnit舊信息OldInformation已知信息Given/KnownInformation新信息NewInformation信息焦點InformationFocus前置Fronting倒裝Inversion40講從句到篇語篇Text粘著性Cohesion連貫性Coherence（句子的）交際功能CommunicativeFunction正確性Correctness適合性Appropriacy新信息thestorm已知信息thecrops過渡詞語TransitionalWords/Phrases邏輯紐帶LogicalConnectors語法紐帶GrammaticalConnectors詞匯紐帶LexicalConnectors照應Reference人稱照應PersonalReference指示照應DemonstrativeReference后照應AnaphoricReference比較照應ComparativeReference平行結(jié)構(gòu)ParallelConstruction累贅Redundancy關鍵詞keyword同義詞Synonym近義詞Near-synonym語段SentenceGroup統(tǒng)一性Unity單語段語篇Single-Sentence-GroupText多語段語篇Multi-Sentence-GroupText主題句TopicSentence主題語段TopicSentenceGroup輔助句SupportingSentence輔助語段SupportingSentenceGroup語篇修辭TextualRhetoric層進法Climax偏斜修飾語SquintingModifier從屬Subordination從屬結(jié)構(gòu)SubordinateConstruction限定從屬分句FiniteSubordinateClause從屬連詞Subordinator簡單從屬連詞SimpleSubordinator關聯(lián)從屬連詞CorrelativeSubordinator復雜從屬連詞ComplexSubordinator邊際從屬連詞MarginalSubordinator非限定分句Non-finiteClause無動詞分句VerblessClause關系分句RelativeClause關系詞RelativeWord定語從句AttributiveClause限制性關系分句RestrictiveRelativeClause非限制性關系分句Non-restrictiveRelativeClause關系代詞RelativePronoun關系副詞RelativeAdverb關系限定詞RelativeDeterminer不定式分句InfinitiveClause雙重關系分句DoubleRelativeClause嵌入式關系分句EmbedRelativeClause-ing分詞分句–ingParticipleClause-ed分詞分句–edParticipleClause時間狀語分句AdverbialClauseofTime原因狀語分句AdverbialClauseofCause地點狀語分句AdverbialClauseofPlace方式狀語分句AdverbialClauseofManner結(jié)果狀語分句AdverbialClauseofResult目的狀語分句AdverbialClauseofPurpose條件狀語分句AdverbialClauseofCondition讓步狀語分句AdverbialClauseofConcession同時性SameTime先時性EarlierTime后時性LaterTime并列連詞Quasi-coordinator獨立結(jié)構(gòu)AbsoluteConstruction語域Register語體Style條件句Conditional真實條件句RealConditional基本形式BasicForm變體形式VariantForm替換形式AlternativeForm非真實條件句UnrealConditional直接引語DirectSpeech間接引語IndirectSpeech引述動詞ReportingVerb地點狀語locativeadverbial時間狀語temporaladverbial非指代性itnon-referring“it