2023年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)試題：閱讀理解之主旨要義（新高考專用）

閱讀理解解密01主旨要義（分層訓(xùn)練）

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分層練A

1.【遼寧省葫蘆島市協(xié)作校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次考試】B

DouglasSmith,ngardenerfromHertfordshire,theU.K.,recentlysetanewGuinnessWorldRecordforthe

mosttomatoesgrownonasinglestem（莖），1,269.

Upuntillastsummer,therecordforthemosttomatoesgrownonasinglestemhadstoodunchallengedfor

overadecade.ThenEnglishfarmerDouglasSmithsethissightonbreakingit,thinkingthathecouldgrowmore

than488fruitsonssinglestem.Heprovedthatlastyear,whenhemanagedtobreaktheoldrecordbygrowing839

tomatoesonagreenhouse-grownplant.Itwasquiteanachievement,buthewasonlygettingstarted,asonlyafew

weekslaterDouglasSmithbrokehisownrecordbygrowingnolessthan1,269tomatoesonasinglestem.

IsDouglasSmithagardeningaddict?Hespendsuptofourhoursadayinhisbackgardentendinghisplants,

andhasbeenworkinghardonbecomingthebestpossiblegardenertheworldhaseverseen.Tomaximizehis

chancesofsettinganewworldrecord,hereadvariousscientificpapersandeventooksoilsamplestobetestedina

laboratory.Andintheend,theyallpaidoff.

“Iamoverthemoon,^^Douglassaid."Thisyearwasonlymeanttobeanexperimentalyeartoseewhich

varietieswouldproducethemostfruitsandwehadtofightwithearlyblight（疫?。瑆hichputpaidtoanumberof

othertomatoplants.I'mamazedbyhowmanytomatoeswereontheplantintheend.^^

Growing1,269tomatoesonasinglestemisonlyDouglasSmith'slatestachievement.In2020,hegrewa

20-foot-tallsunflower,andalsosetanewnationalrecordfortheheaviesttomato,witha3.106kgtomato.Helikes

torunlittleexperimentsonothervegetablesandcrops,andheiscurrentlyexperimentingonpeas,auberginesand

potatoes.

1.WhatcanweknowaboutDouglasSmithfromparagraph2?

A.Hebroketheoldrecordtwice.

B.Hehadplantedthebesttomatoes.

C.Hethoughtbreakingtherecordwaseasy.

D.Hehadworkedtobreaktherecordforadecade.

2.WhichofthefollowingcandescribeDouglasSmithbest?

A.Strictandtolerant.B.Attractiveandbrave

C.Patientandhard-working.D.Friendlyandhumorous.

3.WhatmaybeachallengeforDouglasSmithtobreaktheoldrecord?

A.Alackofmoney.B.Skillshortages.

C.Buildingalaboratory.D.Dealingwiththeblight.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Therecord'ssignificance.

B.DouglasSmith'snextplan.

C.Thedetailsabouttheheaviesttomato.

D.MoreinformationaboutDouglasSmith'splanting.

2.【湖北省宜城一中、棗陽(yáng)一中等六校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】B

Justastheshinybrochurepromised,fromthemomentIsetfootontheHarvardcampuslastfall,Iwasexposed

toanexcitingandenlighteningnewworld.

Iwasbomandraised1,500milesaway,inasmallapartmentinJackson,Mississippi.Iamtheonlychild,so

mymotheroverpoweredmewithherlove.Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworked

awfullyhardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyond

consideration.Itleftmeabitbitterasateenager,butIgrewtoappreciateherenormoussacrifices（犧牲）——

walkingmetothelibraryeveryafternoon,laboringatmultiplejobstokeepfoodonthetable,andtellingmestories

lateintothenight.

WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighschoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,I

noticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.Ipretendednottosee,butIwasneverableto

forgetit.Itriedtoexplainmyreasonsforwantingtoleave-toproveIwassmartenough,fearoftakingthepathof

leastresistance,theclassicteenagefeelingofbeingtrapped-butthewordsjustmademesoundshallowand

ungrateful.

Nevertheless,Ibegantoworkonthecollegeapplications-anearlyoneforHarvardandroughlyadozenothers

standingby.IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,Iwasinformedofmy

acceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.Thatnight,afterallofthecelebratorytextsandhugs,Isat

inmyroomandbegantocryuncontrollably.

Overthecourseofthisyear,IhavechangedinwaysIneveranticipated.IthinkIknownowwhymymother

letmego.Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookattheworld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwould

nottradetheexperienceforanything.

1.TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mostprobablymeans.

A.madeadifferencetoB.madepeacewith

2.Whatwasthemother'sfirstresponsetotheauthor'sdecision?

A.Shewasworriedaboutit.B.Shelaughedatit.

C.Sheapprovedofitimmediately.D.Sheturnedadeafeartoit.

3.WhatdidtheauthorsayabouthisadmissiontoHarvard?

A.Itdeservedabigcelebration.B.Itservedasalatebirthdaypresent.

C.Itwasbeyondhisexpectations.D.Itwasafavorheowedhismother.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LifelongLearninginHarvard

B.ReflectionsontheRoadtoHarvard

C.WhatHarvardMeanstoMyMotherandMe

D.HowHarvardShapesMyTeenageYears

3.【河南省新鄉(xiāng)市2023屆高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬】D

OneofthemostcommonbeliefsamongresearchersisthathumansfirstarrivedinNorthAmerica16,000years

ago.Accordingtoarecentfossildiscovery,thatmightnotbetrue.Thenewfindingsuggeststhathumansmight

havearrivedinNorthAmericafarearlier.

In2013,adamagedmammoth（猛/馬象）skullandotherbonesthatlooked"deliberatelybroken^^werefound.

Thedamagetothebonessuggestedthathumansweretheoneswhocausedittomaketools.Carbon-dating

analysissuggestedthepiecesareroughly37,000yearsold.Thisdiscoverycouldshiftourunderstandingof

humans'earliestexistenceinNorthAmerica.Thesefossilssuggesthumanskilledanimalsintheareamuchearlier

than16,000yearsago.

PreviousresearchledscientiststobelievethefirsthumansthatsettledinNorthAmericabelongedtothe

Clovisculture.Thiswasagroupofpeoplewholeftbehindcarefullymadetools16,000yearsago.However,

carbon-datinganalysisofthemammothbonesindicatesthatthesiteisaround36,250to38,900yearsold.That

meansifstheoldestknownsiteleftbehindbyancienthumansinNorthAmerica.

“That'snottheonlyinterestingthingaboutthediscovery,saidTimothyRowe,aprofessorattheUniversity

ofTexas.t6Thesimilarfindingssupportinganearlierdateforhumanarrivalhavebeenmostlyignored.Thisis

becausetheyhavecontradictedpreviousresearch.

Now,however,hethinksthere5sagoodchancethatresearcherswillfindevidenceofhumansfartherbackin

time.

Theearlyhumansshapedbonesintosharpblades,whichwereusedtotakeapartanimals5remains,according

toRowe.Therearealsosignsthattheycookedtheanimalbonesoverafiretomeltoffthefat.t4Therealevidence

thatwehavehastodowiththebreakagepatterns,andhowthoroughtheyare.Theymusthaveusedrocksor

hammerstonestobusttheskeletonapart...Thesepeoplewouldusewhatevertheycould,,,RowetoldUSAToday.

1.WhatcanbelearntabouttheearliesthumansinNorthAmerica?

A.Theyarrivedthere16,000yearsago.B.Theycausedmammothtodisappear.

C.TheybelongedtotheClovisculture.D.Theycouldmaketoolswithbones.

2.Whyarethefindingssimilartothenewoneignored?

A.Theylackagoodchance.B.Theyfailtodrawattention.

C.Theydisagreewithearlierresearch.D.Theyaren'tstudiedscientifically.

3.HowdoesRowefindthenewdiscovery?

A.Inspiring.B.Annoying.C.Puzzling.D.Embarrassing.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheEarliestHumans'SettlinginNorthAmerica

B.EvidenceofEarlierHumans'ArrivalinNorthAmerica

C.TheEarliestToolMakersinNorthAmerica

D.ResearchonMammothsinNorthAmerica

4.【河北省唐山市部分學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考】C

Theuniverseisincrediblyvast.Thediameter(直徑)oftheobservableuniverseisestimatedtobeabout93

billionlightyearsacross.Withjustoureyes,wecangenerallyonlyseeafewthousandlightyearsworthofdistance

thoughtherearesomeobjectswecanseethataremuchfurtheraway.Thefarthestobjectwecanseewithoureyes

isAndromedaGalaxy(仙女座星系)located2.5millionlightyearsaway,andyetitisonlyvisibleifthereislittle

lightpollution.Inordertoseefartherintospace,wemustrelyontelescopes.Howfarcanweseeusingthemost

powerfultelescopes?

TheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)wastherecordholderforthefarthestvisibledistanceinspaceuntilthe

launchoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)in2021.JWSTisnowthemostpowerfultelescopeeverbuilt,

anditisabletoseetheuniverseasitwasonly200millionyearsaftertheBigBang.ThatmeansthatJWSTisable

topiecetogetheranadditional300millionyearsofuniversalhistorycomparedtoHST.JWSTwillbeabletostudy

someofthefirstgalaxiestoformaftertheBigBang.

ThefarthestphysicaldistancewecanseeistheCosmicMicrowaveBackgroundRadiation(CMBR).CMBR

canbethoughtofastheecho(回聲)oftheBigBangasitistheleftoverradiationfromthebirthoftheuniverse.

TheCMBRitselfisthefarthestpossibledistancehumanscanseeasitrepresentsthemomentthattheuniverse

becametransparenttolight.AlthoughlightdidexistbeforeCMBR,gasanddustweresimplytoodenseforlightto

crossspace.CMBRformedonly380,000yearsaftertheBigBang,andsoweareseeingtheuniversepriortothe

formationofeventhefirststars.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionAndromedaGalaxy?

A.Topresenttheoriginoftheuniverse.

B.Tostresstheseverityofspacepollution.

C.Toshowthelimitedrangeofhumanvision.

D.Toprovehumans*wonderfulviewofspace.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutJWST?

A.Itwaslaunchedin2022.

B.ItismoreadvancedthanHST.

C.Itcansee300millionyearsaftertheBigBang.

D.Itwasusedtostudytheformationofthefirstgalaxies.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dense"inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Distant.B.Rare.

C.Tiny.D.Thick.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowFarCanHumansSeeInSpace?B.HowWillJWSTBeApplied?

C.HowWillHumansExploreSpace?D.HowFarCanJWSTSee?

分層練B

1.【遼寧省葫蘆島市協(xié)作校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次考試】C

Thesedays,there9sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityand

alternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopen

spacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）ategettinginontheaction.Theunmannedair

vehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.

Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhafsgoingonwiththenaturalworld

inwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists,theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairto

recordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsof

cuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapea

videocameratoabird.

Sure,there9splentyofsatellitefootagealreadyoutthere,butdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedata

setthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey9relookingtomonitor.In2013,forexample,the

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration（NASA）sentadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicato

gatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperature,ashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthe

missionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthe

volcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenvironmentalimpact.

Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.

Theyusedronesequippedwithinfrared（紅外線的）camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbe

abletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflyingmachinesmayalsoeventuallybeused

totransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.

1.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?

A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bylistingdata.

C.Bydrawingadistinction.D.Bymakingassumptions.

2.Whatmainlymakesdronesusedtobetterwatchnature?

A.Thehighsafety.

B.Thehugespace.

C.Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.

D.Theabilitytocollectdataatahighaltitude.

3.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdrones?

A.Theirproductionsteps.

B.Theirpracticalfunctions.

C.Theirpotentialimpactsontheatmosphere.

D.Theirdatasetformotoringtheenvironment.

4.Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Drones:PoisonousB.Drones:Eco-friendly

C.Drones:LimitedD.Drones:Adaptable

2.【湖北省宜城一中、棗陽(yáng)一中等六校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】C

Nearly10millionpeopleworldwidelivewithParkinson'sdisease.WhileParkinson'sisincurable,someofits

worstsymptomscanberelievedandcontrolledusingmedications.Amajorproblemofgettingeffectivetreatment

attherighttimeisidentifyingthediseasesoonenough,beforepatientsexperiencethesymptomsbroughtonby

irreversible（不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的）neuronloss.

Butscientistsmighthavejustthethingtochangethesituation.Anditinvolvesanose.Inastudypublishedin

thejournalACSOmega,researchersfromChina,sZhejiangUniversitycreatedan"e-nose,“aportabledevicethat

candetectbodysmellsspecifictoParkinson'spatients.

ItmaycomeasasurprisetolearnParkinson'spatientshavetheirownsmells.Butafteraretirednursein

Scotlandmadeheadlinesin2015foraheightenedsenseofsmellthatledtoherownhusband'sParkinson's

diagnosis,scientistshavebeentryinghardtocreateadevicethatcouldsmellthediseasebeforephysicalsymptoms

starttoshow.

Overtheyears,scientistshavefoundpeoplewithParkinson'stendtoproducemoresebum（皮脂）thanthe

averageperson.Thissebummixeswithotheroverproducedsubstancestoproducecertain,uniquesmells.

Totrackdownthesesmells,theZhejiangUniversityresearchersswabbed（用拭子擦拭）theupperbacksof31

Parkinson'spatientsand32healthyvolunteers.Usingmachine-learningsoftware,theywereabletoidentifythree

smellcompoundsthathealthyvolunteerslacked.Theresearchersthentestedthee-noseonsebumtakenfrom12

Parkinson'spatientsand12healthypeople.Thedevicewasfoundtobeabout71percentaccurateindistinguishing

healthysebumfromParkinson?ssebum.

Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestiton

manymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikerace

affectthee-nose9sperformanceinanyway.Butfornow,asthenumberofpeoplelivingwithParkinson'sintheU.

S.isexpectedtoriseto1.2millionby2030,anosemightbethebestoptiontodetectthisdisease.

1.WhatmakesitdifficultforParkinson'spatientstogeteffectivetreatment?

A.Itsmedicationsareinshortsupply.

B.Itinvolvesirreversibleneuronloss.

C.Itsearlysignsarenoteasytonotice.

D.It'snotacurablediseasemedically.

2.WhatdidtheScottishnursefind?

A.Herhusband'sbodygaveoffastrangesmell.

B.Herhusbandhadaheightenedsenseofsmell.

C.Asmellcausedherhusbandtosufferfromadisease.

D.Asmellcouldrelieveherhusband'sParkinson9ssymptoms.

3.Whatwilltheresearchersdoconcerningtheirinvention?

A.Putitintoclinicaluse.

B.Conductabroadertest.

C.Createmorelabmodels.

D.ExpanditsmarketoutsidetheU.S.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Thise-nosecansmellParkinson's

B.Parkinson'spatientsproducemoresebum

C.PeoplelivingwithParkinson'sareontherise

D.ResearchershavefoundtreatmentforParkinson's

3.【河北省張家口市部分學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】D

WhenAnikaPurivisitedIndiawithherfamilyfouryearsago,shewassurprisedtocomeacrossamarketin

Bombayfilledwithrowsofivoryjewelry（象牙飾品）andstatues.Globally,ivorytradehasbeenillegalformore

than30years,andelephanthuntinghasbeenprohibitedinIndiasincethe1970s.

“Iwasquiteshocked,the17-year-oldfromNewYork,recalls,''Becausepoaching（偷獵）isillegal,how

comeitisstillsuchabigissue?”

Curious,Purididsomeresearchanddiscoveredashockingstatistic:Africa^forestelephantpopulationhad

declinedbyabout62percentbetween2002and2011.Yearslater,thenumberscontinuedtodrop.Puri,awildlife

lover,wantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesandothersstillthreatenedbypoaching.

Overthecourseoftwoyears,PuricreatedElSa,alow-costproductofamachinelearning-drivensoftwarethat

analyzesmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared（熱紅夕卜）videosofhumansandelephants.Purisaysthesoftwareis

fourtimesmoreaccuratethanexistingstate-of-the-artdetectionmethods.Italsoeliminatestheneedforexpensive

high-definitionthermalcameras,whichcancostthousands,shesays.ElSausesa$250FLIRONEProthermal

camerawith206*156resolutionthatplugsintoanoff-the-shelfiPhone6.ThecameraandiPhonearethen

attachedtoadrone（無(wú)人機(jī)）,andthesystemproducesreal-timeinferencesasitfliesoverparksastowhether

objectsbelowarehumansorelephants.

ItspotentialimpactonsocietyearnedherthePeggyScrippsAwardforScienceCommunication."'Research

isn'tastraightline,^^Purisays."Itmakesmeresourceful.Ithelpsmedevelopintoamorecreativethinker.^^

1.WhatinspiredAnikaPuritomaketheinvention?

A.OnestudytriptoBombay.B.Thedeeppassionforlaw.

C.OnevisitinIndia.D.Herloveforivory.

2.HowdoestheauthorexplainthesituationofAfrica^forestelephant?

A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bymakingcomparison.

C.Byshowinganexample.D.Byreferringtosomeformerstudies.

3.WhafstheresearchlikeinAnikaPuri'seyes?

A.Ifstoughandcan'treachthegoal.B.Ifsbeneficialtoone'sdevelopment.

C.Itreallyrequiresavarietyofresources.D.Itshouldbefurtherdevelopedbecauseoftheneed.

4.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A.PoachingIsaShockingProblem

B.DronesWereAppliedtotheBanonPoaching

C.AFantasticDiscoveryWasEventuallyMadebyaBrilliantTeenager

D.ATeenagerInventedaLow-CostTooltoSpotElephantPoachersinRealTime

4.【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】

Inrecentyears,wehavealwaysseendifferentkindsofnewenergyvehiclesontheroadfrequently,butdoyou

knowanythingaboutthem?

Inthe21stcentury,withtheincreasingshortageofresourcessuchasoilandnaturalgas,theissueof

non-renewableresourceshasbecomeamajorconcern.Thetraditionalindustryusesmostlyoilasafuel,andthe

carbondioxideproducedbyburningoilhurtstheair.Thevehicleemissions（排放）contributetoglobalwarming

andotherpoisonousgasescauseseriousairpollution.

Inresponsetotheproblemofvehiclepollution,countriesandregionsworldwidearesettingincreasinglystrict

standardsforvehicleemissions.Tocopewiththeincreasingseverityofvehicleemissionstandards,themajorcar

manufacturers（制J造商）arenowmainlyadoptingmethodstoimprovethetechnologyrelatedtotheenginesof

conventionalenergyvehicles.Althoughthishasimprovedthequalityofemissions,itwillbeincreasinglydifficult

toupgradethetechnology.Atthispoint,thedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicleshasbecomeanewoptionfor

manufacturers,astheproductionanduseofnewenergyvehicleswillfundamentallysolvetheproblemofvehicle

emissions.Therefore,thedevelopmentofnewenergyvehiclesareanecessityandageneraltrend.

Newenergyvehiclesareproposedasopposedtotraditionalvehicles,whicharemainlyfuelledbypetrol.A

newenergyvehicleisatypeofvehiclethatrunsoncleanenergysources,usingnewenergysourcesasthefuel

commonlyusedtopowerthecarandprovidethedriveenergyforthevehicle.Newenergyvehiclescanbedivided

intoseveralcategories,such-aspureelectricvehicles,fuelcellelectricvehicles,hybrid（混合動(dòng)力）vehicles,andso

on.Inaddition,newenergyvehicleshavetheadvantageoflowenergyconsumptionandlow-carbonenvironmental

protection.

However,althoughnewenergyvehiclesfollowtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,therearestillmany

problemsandchallengesinthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicleresearchandproduction.Forinstance,many

issuesrequirespecialisttechniciansandsolutions,andfurtherbreakthroughsareneededinkeytechnologyareas.In

addition,theefficiencyofnewenergyuseneedstobefurtherimproved,makingitdifficulttoforman

industrial-scaleoperationinashortperiod.

1.Whatdoesusingnon-renewableresourcesinvite?

A.Harmtotheplanet.B.Low-carbonlife.

C.Lessairpollution.D.Shortageofwater.

2.Whichcanbestagreewiththeconceptofsustainabledevelopment?

A.Improvingenergyefficiencyoftraditionalresources.

B.Replacingtheenginesofconventionalenergyvehicles.

C.Innovatingvehiclesrelatedtorenewableresources.

D.Manufacturingmorecarsandloweringtheirprices.

3.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphtalkaboutconcerningthenewenergyvehicles?

A.Thesource,fuelandadvantage.

B.Thedefinition,fuelandprotection.

C.Thesource,categoryandconformation,

D.Thedefinition,categoryandadvantage.

4.Whatisexpectedofnewenergyvehicles?

A.Theyshouldbereplaced.B.Furtherexploringinneeded.

C.Itisunnecessaryto