03+專題三+動詞+第3講+情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 【備課精研】 高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

第3講

情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣第二部分語法專項復(fù)習(xí)詞法篇專題三動詞1.

（經(jīng)典高考）I

can't

find

my

purse.

I

_______________（leave）

it

in

the

supermarket

yesterday,

but

I'm

not

sure.could

have

left[解析]

句意：我找不到我的錢包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市里了，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中的yesterday和but

I'm

not

sure可知，設(shè)空處是對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測，需用could

have

left。2.

（經(jīng)典高考）Truly

elegant

chopsticks

might_________（make）

of

gold

and

silver

with

Chinese

characters.be

made[解析]

根據(jù)語境可知，筷子是被制造的。設(shè)空處位于情態(tài)動詞might后，故填be

made。真題演練3.

（經(jīng)典高考）What

a

pity!

You

missed

the

sightseeing,

or

we_____________________（have）

a

good

time

together.would/could

have

had[解析]

句意：你錯過了這次游覽，否則我們就可以一起度過一段愉快的時光了。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞or可知，這里表示與過去的事實相反，謂語應(yīng)用would/could

have

had。4.

（經(jīng)典高考）If

we____________（catch）

the

flight

yesterday,

we

would

be

enjoying

our

holiday

on

the

beach

now.had

caught[解析]

句意：如果昨天我們趕上了那趟航班，我們現(xiàn)在就正在沙灘上享受我們的假期了。If從句表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用過去完成時。必備知識考點1

情態(tài)動詞1.情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞用法例句can/could表示能力，意為“能，會”（外研選必二

Unit

1）At

a

glance

I

can

distinguish

China

from

Arizona.我一眼就能分辨中國和亞利桑那。情態(tài)動詞用法例句can/could表示推測，意為“可能”，往往用于否定句或疑問句中。can比could語氣強(qiáng)That

can't

be

Mary—she

is

in

London

now.那不可能是瑪麗——她現(xiàn)在在倫敦。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句can/could表示客觀可能性，意為“有時候會”，多用于肯定句Credit

cards

provide

us

with

lots

of

convenience,

but

sometimes

they

can

lead

to

problems.信用卡給我們提供許多方便，但有時候會帶來一些問題。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句can/could表示禮貌地提出請求，意為“能，可以”。在疑問句中，could可代替can,

語氣更委婉Can

you

tell

us

your

recipe

for

happiness

and

a

long

life?你能告訴我們你幸福和長壽的秘訣嗎？固定句式：can't...too/over，意為“無論……也不過分”“越……越好”I

can't

thank

you

too

much

for

all

your

help

to

my

son.我非常感謝你對我兒子的幫助。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句may/might表示許可和請求，在疑問句中might比may的語氣更委婉Might/May

I

have

a

word

with

you?

It

won't

take

long.我可以和你說句話嗎？不會耽誤很長時間。表示推測，意為“可能，或許”，用于肯定句和否定句中（人教選必二

Unit

2）Some

students

might

even

encounter

problems

with

personal

safety.有些學(xué)生甚至可能遭遇人身安全問題。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句may/might固定句式：may/might

as

well+動詞原形，意為“不妨；倒不如……”Since

it

is

raining

hard,

you

may/might

as

well

stay

here.既然雨下得這么大，你倒不如待在這兒。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句must表示義務(wù)、必要性等，意為“必須”，其否定式mustn't

意為“禁止”You

must

finish

the

task

before

the

deadline.你必須在截止日期前完成這個任務(wù)。You

mustn't

play

football

in

the

street.你絕對不能在街上踢足球。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句must表示猜測、推測，意為“想必，一定”，常用于肯定句中You

must

be

Carol.You

haven't

changed

a

bit

after

all

these

years.你肯定是卡蘿爾。這么多年過去了，你一點兒都沒變。表示偏執(zhí)、固執(zhí)，意為“非得，偏要”If

you

must

go,

at

least

wait

until

the

storm

is

over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停了。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵維hall

I

tell

Brett

to

come

over

straight

after

school

tomorrow?要我告訴布雷特明天放學(xué)后直接過來嗎？用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅One

of

our

rules

is

that

every

student

shall

wear

the

school

uniform

while

at

school.我們的規(guī)定之一就是每名學(xué)生在校期間都必須穿校服。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句should表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”（外研選必四

Unit

4）You

should

know

your

own

limits

and

those

of

the

people

you

work

with.你應(yīng)該知道自己以及與你共事的人的極限。表示推測、可能性或預(yù)期，意為“應(yīng)該；可能”He

should

be

here

on

time—he

started

early

enough.他應(yīng)該按時到這里的——他出發(fā)得足夠早。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句should表示驚奇、失望、遺憾、憤怒等情緒，意為“竟然；居然”It's

strange

that

he

should

have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner's

permission.簡直是太奇怪了,他竟然未得到主人的允許就把這些書拿走了。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句will/would表示意志、意愿或某種傾向性，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去I

have

told

him

again

and

again

to

stop

smoking,

but

he

will

not

listen.我已再三告訴他戒煙，但他就是不聽。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句will/would表示習(xí)慣性動作，意為“總是”，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去I

still

remember

my

happy

childhood

when

my

mother

would

take

me

to

Disneyland

at

weekends.我仍舊記得我快樂的童年，那時我媽媽經(jīng)常在周末帶我去迪士尼樂園。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句will/would表示征求意見或提出請求，多用于第二人稱疑問句中，would比will語氣委婉Will/Would

you

please

let

me

have

a

look

at

your

new

watch?請讓我看看你的新手表好嗎？續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句needneed表示必要性，常用于疑問句和否定句中，needn't表示“不必”My

room

is

in

a

mess,

but

I

needn't

clean

it

before

I

go

out

tonight.我的房間亂糟糟的，不過我今天晚上出門之前沒必要打掃它。續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句daredare意為“敢，敢于”，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中How

dare

you

leave

your

home

without

your

parents'

permission?在沒有征得你父母許可的情況下你怎么敢離開家？續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞用法例句ought

to表示“應(yīng)該（義務(wù)）”I

think

I

ought

to

get

back

to

work.我想我應(yīng)該重新開始工作了。have

to表示“不得不（客觀需要）”Michael

is

tired

and

he

has

to

rest

after

his

long

trip.邁克爾累了，他在長途旅行之后不得不休息。續(xù)表對過去的推測must

have

done一定做過某事Paul

did

a

great

job

in

the

speech

contest.

He

must

have

practised

many

times

last

week.保羅在演講比賽中表現(xiàn)得很好。他上周一定練習(xí)了很多次。2.情態(tài)動詞+havedone對過去的推測can't/couldn't

have

done過去不可能做過……George

can't

have

gone

too

far.

His

coffee

is

still

warm.喬治不可能走得太遠(yuǎn)。他的咖啡還是溫的呢。may/might（not）have

done過去可能（沒）做過……I

thought

you

might

have

invited

her

over.我想你大概已經(jīng)邀請她過來。續(xù)表對過去情況的后悔、遺憾或責(zé)備could

have

done本來能夠做但卻未做You

could

have

helped

me

yesterday,

but

you

didn't.你昨天本可以幫我的，但你沒有幫我。should

have

done本來應(yīng)該做但是實際上未做You

should

have

studied

harder.你本應(yīng)該更努力學(xué)習(xí)的。續(xù)表對過去情況的后悔、遺憾或責(zé)備shouldn't

have

done本來不應(yīng)該做而實際上做了You

shouldn't

have

cheated

in

the

exam

yesterday.你昨天考試本不應(yīng)該作弊的。needn't

have

done本來沒必要做卻做了You

needn't

have

told

him

that.你本來用不著告訴他那個的。續(xù)表1.虛擬條件句中的虛擬語氣主句謂語動詞從句謂語動詞例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反should/would/could/might+do過去式（be用were）If

I

were

at

school

again，

I

would

study

harder.如果我再次上學(xué)的話，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)?？键c2虛擬語氣主句謂語動詞從句謂語動詞例句與過去事實相反should/would/could/might+have

donehad+doneIf

I

had

adopted

his

advice

last

week,

I

would

have

passed

that

exam.如果上周我采納了他的建議，我就能通過那場考試了。續(xù)表主句謂語動詞從句謂語動詞例句與將來事實相反should/would/could/might+do過去式/were

to

do/should+doIf

it

should

rain

tomorrow,

we

wouldn't

get

involved

in

the

voluntary

activity.如果明天下雨，我們就不會參與志愿活動了。續(xù)表2.含蓄虛擬語氣有時，假設(shè)的條件不通過條件狀語從句表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語中，或隱含在上下文中，這叫含蓄虛擬語氣。常用的這類詞或短語有without（要是）沒有；but

for要不是；otherwise/or否則等。But

for

（=If

it

hadn't

been

for）

your

generous

help,

I

wouldn't

have

made

so

much

progress.要不是你的慷慨幫助，我就不會取得那么大的進(jìn)步了。The

workers

were

not

better

organized.Otherwise

（=If

not）

they

would

have

accomplished

the

task

in

half

the

time.工人們沒有被更好地組織起來,否則他們用一半的時間就能完成這項任務(wù)。特別提醒有時用錯綜時間來表達(dá)假設(shè)或某種遺憾。If

I

had

studied

harder,

I

would

be

in

a

better

college

now.如果我當(dāng)初學(xué)習(xí)再刻苦一點，我現(xiàn)在就能在一所更好的大學(xué)了。3.虛擬語氣在從句中的用法在表示要求、命令、建議等動詞后接的賓語從句中，以及表示上述意義的名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“（should+）動詞原形”。常見的此類動詞有一堅持（insist）、二命令（order,

command）、三要求（require,

demand,

request）、四建議（suggest,

advise,

propose,

recommend）。I

suggest

you

（should）read

The

Moonstone

as

a

start.我建議你（應(yīng)該）閱讀《月亮寶石》作為開始。My

suggestion

was

that

necessary

measures

（should）

be

taken

to

protect

the

children

from

dangerous

situations.我的建議是采取必要措施來保護(hù)兒童免受危險的境遇。易錯提示（1）當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”講，insist作“堅持認(rèn)為”講時，從句要用陳述語氣。（2）在“It

is/was+adj./done+that...”句型中，從句中的謂語動詞用“（should+）動詞原形”。常見的形容詞或過去分詞有important、necessary、strange、urgent、suggested、required、ordered、advised、requested、demanded等。It

is

necessary

that

we

（should）clean

the

room

every

day.我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。（3）wish后的賓語從句中，用一般過去時表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬；用“would/could+動詞原形”表示對將來的虛擬；用過去完成時表示對過去的虛擬。We

will

go

shopping

tomorrow.

I

wish

you

would

go

with

us.我們明天要去購物，我真希望你同我們一起去。I

wish

I

had

told

him

the

way

to

the

supermarket.我真希望我已經(jīng)告訴了他到超市的路線。（4）would

rather后的賓語從句中，用一般過去時表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M；用過去完成時表示對過去的虛擬。I'd

rather

he

had

gone

to

the

seaside

with

me

the

day

before

yesterday.我寧愿他前天和我去了海邊。句式現(xiàn)在過去將來if

only引導(dǎo)的條件從句及感嘆句過去式had+過去分詞would/could/might+動詞原形as

if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句及方式狀語從句過去式had+過去分詞/It

is

（high/about）

time

that...過去式或should+動詞原形4.其他句式中的虛擬語氣If

only

we

had

taken

our

teacher's

advice!要是我們聽從老師的建議該多好！Mary's

description

of

the

party

was

so

vivid

that

I

felt

as

if

I

had

been

there.瑪麗對這次聚會的描述是如此生動,以至于我覺得我好像去過那里一樣。It

is

high

time

that

we

took/should

take

some

measures

to

solve

the

problem.確實到了我們采取一些措施來解決這個問題的時候了。分層特訓(xùn)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.

John

wants

to

see

me

now,

but

I

have

so

much

work

in

hand

that

I

would

rather

he______（come）

tomorrow

than

today.came[解析]

句意:約翰現(xiàn)在想看我,但是我手頭有很多工作,所以我寧愿他明天來而不是今天。would

rather后接賓語從句要用虛擬語氣,表示與將來事實相反的愿望用一般過去時。2.

When

you

phoned

me,

I

was

having

a

meeting;

how

I

wish

I______________（answer）

your

call.had

answered[解析]

句意:當(dāng)你給我打電話的時候,我正在開會。我多么希望我（之前）接了你的電話。此處wish后的從句用虛擬語氣,根據(jù)句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬,故填had

answered。3.

The

suggestion

that

the

new

rule________________________（develop）

came

from

the

chairman.（should）

be

developed[解析]

suggestion在表示“建議”時,其后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣,其謂語構(gòu)成是“should+動詞原形”,should

可以省略。本題中develop與the

new

rule

之間為被動關(guān)系,故填（should）be

developed。4.

It

is

high

time

that

you_________________________（consider）

that

if

there

were

no

stress

in

your

life,

you

would

achieve

a

little.considered/should

consider[解析]

在It

is

high

time

that...句式中,從句用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞用過去式或“should+動詞原形”。5.

You

didn't

let

me

drive.If

we___________（take）

turns

driving,

you

wouldn't

have

got

so

tired.had

taken[解析]

此處是對過去情況的虛擬。if

引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用“had

done”,主句謂語動詞用“should/would/could/might+have

done”。A

Recently,

residents

in

a

youth

apartment

building

in

downtown

Shenzhen

have

planted

the

seed,

cultivating

1.___

unique

city

lifestyle.

They

can

farm

their

own

land,

which

can

2.____________

（access）

just

an

elevator

ride

away

to

the

top

of

their

building.There

they

can

grow

vegetables,

while

3._______________（communicate）

with

other

renters

and

taking

in

the

skyline

of

the

city.abe

accessedcommunicatingⅡ.語法填空

Huang

Suyun,

the

founder

of

the

youth

apartment

building,

4._________

（see）

positive

changes

in

her

own

life

since

“farming”

and

other

social

activities

were

introduced

to

the

rooftop

of

it.

5.____________（additional）,

the

experience

of

tending

the

gardens

allows

her

6._________

（make）

friends

and

get

to

know

others

who

either

live

in

the

building

or

visit

from

outside.

The

rooftop

heaven

covers

a

total

area

of

450

square

meters

and

consists

7.___

a

sightseeing

zone,

a

shaded

leisure

area

as

well

as

the

urban

farming

section.“There's

space

to

exercise,

like

doing

yoga

at

has

seenAdditionallyto

makeofthe

leisure

zone,

and

then

to

walk

over

to

check

the

vegetables,”

says

Xie

Jing,

an

architect

8._________

undertook

the

project.

Nowadays,

it

is

suggested

that

a

social

life

that

aims

to

promote

environmental

protection

and

personal

health

9._____________________

（seek）

by

urban

residents,

which

is

good

news

for

sustainability

and

community

activity

development.

If

people

stick

to

a

green

life,

our

planet

10.____________

（become）

a

better

place

in

the

future.who/that（should）

be

soughtwill

becomea[解析]

考查冠詞。句意：最近，深圳市中心一棟青年公寓的居民種下了種子，形成了一種獨特的城市生活方式。空后lifestyle為可數(shù)名詞，且此處泛指“一種生活方式”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，unique的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。2.

____________be

accessed[解析]

考查謂語動詞的語態(tài)。此處which指代前文的their

own

land，與access之間為被動關(guān)系，且空前有情態(tài)動詞can，故填be

accessed。1.___communicating[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。此處可看作while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的省略形式“while

（they

are）

communicating

with

other

renters

and

taking

in

the

skyline

of

the

city”，其中communicating

with

other

renters和taking

in

the

skyline

of

the

city為并列關(guān)系，故填communicating。4.

_________has

seen[解析]

考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：自從“種植”和其他社交活動在公寓頂樓開始以來，青年公寓樓的建設(shè)者Huang

Suyun已經(jīng)看到了自己生活的積極改變。Huang

Suyun為主語，表示單數(shù)意義，根據(jù)后文的since...it可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填has

seen。3._______________Additionally[解析]

考查副詞。置于句首，修飾整個句子使用副詞形式，故填A(yù)dditionally。注意：首字母大寫。6.

_________to

make[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。固定搭配allow

sb.

to

do

sth.意為“允許某人做某事”。故填to

make。7.

___of[解析]

考查介詞。固定搭配consist

of意為“由……構(gòu)成”。8.

_________who/that[解析]

考查定語從句。定語從句的先行詞為Xie

Jing，指人，定語從句缺少主語，故填who或that。5.____________（should）

be

sought[解析]

考查虛擬語氣和動詞的語態(tài)。此處為固定句型：it

is

suggested

that+主語+（should）

do。從句的主語a

social

life與seek構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，故填

（should）

be

sought。10.

____________will

become[解析]

考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)主句中的時間狀語in

the

future可知此處表將來，故填will

become。9._____________________B

We

live

in

a

vast,

complex

world,

1._______

new

species

are

being

discovered

all

the

time.

Yet

even

as

these

2.________（exist）

creatures

are

being

discovered,

the

increasing

human

population,

climate

change,

habitat

destruction,

hunting

and

the

over-exploitation

of

wildlife

mean

countless

numbers

of

animals

3._________________（push）

currently

to

the

edge

of

extinction.Without

the

factors,

many

rare

animals

4.________________________________（continue）

living

at

present.whereexistingare

being

pushedshould/would/could/might

continue

Scientists

5._______________

（estimate）

so

far

that

over

the

course

of

Earth's

history,

anywhere

between

1

and

4

billion

species

have

existed.

The

natural

extinction

rate

describes

how

fast

plants,

mammals,

birds

and

insects

6.___________（die）

off

if

humans

weren't

in

the

picture.

It

is

estimated

that

today

species

are

disappearing

at

almost

1,000

times

the

natural

rate,

which

7._______（mean）

we're

losing

around

150-200

species

every

single

day.would

diemeanshaveestimated

Choosing

animals

which

are

likely

to

go

extinct

before

your

children

have

the

opportunity

8._______（see）

them

is

a

discouraging

task.

By

only

picking

10,

we

have

to

leave

out

countless

other

animals

that

are

facing

similar

depressing

circumstances.

9._____

millions

of

other

species,

many

never

known

to

science,

are

also

likely

to

die

out

in

the

coming

decades.Thus,

it

is

high

time

that

immediate

measures

10.___________________________（take）to

prevent

such

a

thing

from

happening.to

seeButshould

be

taken/were

takenwhere[解析]

考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，world為先行詞，后接非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故填where。2.

________existing[解析]

考查形容詞。形容詞作名詞creatures的定語，existing表示“現(xiàn)存的”。1._______3.

_________________[解析]

考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，mean后接賓語從句，從句的主語countless

numbers

of

animals表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，與動詞push構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。根據(jù)狀語currently可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，故填are

being

pushed。4.

________________________________should/would/could/might

continue[解析]

考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果沒有這些因素，很多稀有動物現(xiàn)在會繼續(xù)存在。根據(jù)時間狀語at

present可知此處是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，故填should/would/could/might

continue。arebeingpushedhave

estimated[解析]

考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。主句的主語Scientists表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，與動詞estimate構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系；根據(jù)時間狀語so

far可知此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填have

estimated。6.

___________would

die[解析]

考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)后文if

humans

weren't

in

the

picture可知此處用虛擬語氣，表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，故填would

die。5._______________means[解析]

考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處在定語從句中作謂語，從句的主語which指代前面的內(nèi)容，表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填means。8.

_______to

see[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。have

the

opportunity

to

do

sth.有做某事的機(jī)會。7._______But[解析]

考查連詞。句意：但數(shù)以百萬計的其他物種，即許多科學(xué)界從未知道過的物種，也可能在未來幾十年滅絕。設(shè)空處前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句首單詞首字母大寫，故填But。10.

___________________________should

be

taken/were

taken[解析]

考查虛擬語氣和動詞的語態(tài)。句意：因此，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該立即采取措施防止這樣的事情發(fā)生。此處為固定句型：it

is

high

time

that+主語+should+動詞原形/動詞的過去式。從句的主語immediate

measures與動詞take構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，故填should

be

taken或were

taken。9._____Ⅰ.用虛擬語氣升級下列句子1.

I

am

not

in

Beijing

now,

so

I

can't

accompany

you

to

the

bookstore.→If

I

were

in

Beijing

now，_______________________________________________.I

would

accompany

you

to

the

bookstore2.

I

didn't

sign

up

for

the

English

contest,

so

I

missed

the

chance

to

improve

my

oral

English.→If

I

had

signed

up

for

the

English

contest,

____________________________________________________________.I

wouldn't

have

missed

the

chance

to

improve

my

oral

English語法鏈接寫作3.

It

is

time

for

human

beings

to

take

proper

measures

to

keep

the

balance

of

nature.→It

is

high

time

that

human

beings

________________________________________

to

keep

the

balance

of

nature.took/should

take

proper

measures4.

Thanks

to

your

help,

I

have

improved

my

oral

English

rapidly.→But

for

your

help,

________________________________________________.I

couldn't

have

improved

my

oral

English

rapidly5.

I

wish

I

had

read

and

replied

to

your

e-mail

as

soon

as

I

received

it！→If

only_______________________________________________________________!I

had

read

and

replied

to

your

e-mail

as

soon

as

I

received

it1.

（2023·全國乙卷）But

for

that

unforgettable

experience,

________________________________________________________________________（我就不會意識到耐心和堅持的重要性）.I

wouldn't/couldn't

have

realized

the

importance

of

patience

and

persistence2.

（2022·全國新高考Ⅰ卷）“If

you

hadn't

encouraged

me,

______________________________________（我是不會參加賽跑的），”

he

said.I

wouldn't

have

taken

part

in

the

race3.

（2022·全國乙卷）It's

ur