浙江省寧波市余姚中學2024-2025學年高二上學期期中考試英語試題 含解析

余姚中學2024學年第一學期期中考試高二英語學科試卷第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)：(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhatdoesthewomansayaboutThomasEdison?A.Heisaninterestingperson.B.Heisterrifiedofthedark.C.Heinventedmanyotherthings.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HaveyouheardofThomasEdison?M:Sure.Hewasaninventorwhoinventedthelightbulb.W:That’sright.Heinventedtheworld’sfirstlong-lastinglightbulb.Andactuallyhehadaninspirationbecausehe’safraidofthedark!M:Really?Interesting!2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atdusk. B.Atmidnight. C.Intheearlymorning.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Mom,it’sgettingdark.Whereisourcat?Doeshestayoutatnight?W:Don’tworryHe’llcomebackwhenhegetshungry.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whoisprobablythewoman?A.Ahostess. B.Theman’sboss. C.Asalesperson.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Welcometoourshow,Mr.Johnson.Sowhatadvicedoyougivetoyoungpeopleonstartingabusiness?M:Well,mostofmyfailureshavecomefromtryingtosellsomethingthatpeopledidn’twant.Somyadviceistodoyourhomeworktofindoutwhatpeoplewant.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthewomanlikelytodo?A.TakeWaynetothehospital. B.Takeadayoff. C.Drivetowork.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wayneissicktoday.Canyoucometotheoffice?W:Butit’smydayofftoday.M:Iknow.I’llpayyouextra.W:OK,OK.I’mgoingtowalktomycar.Seeyousoon.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredothewoman’sgrandparentscomefrom?A.America. B.Germany. C.Turkey.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Wheredoyourgrandparentscomefrom?M:Mymom’sparentswerebornintheUS,butmydad’sparentscomefromTurkey.Howaboutyou?W:IthinkallmygrandparentscomefromGermany,thecountrywelearnedfromourhistoryclasses.第二節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellowworkers. B.Waiterandcustomer. C.Husbandandwife.7.WhatisStewart’ssuggestion?A.Trytraditionalfood.B.Havesomethingmoreunusual.CVotetoselectagoodplace.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:HiStewart.Doyouhaveafewminutes?M:Sure.What’sup?W:I’mthinkingabouttheplanforthestaffChristmasdinner.Doyouthinkweshouldgosomewherethatservestraditionalfood,orgoforsomethingmoreunusual?M:That’satrickyquestion.Ithinkyoushouldemaileveryoneinourofficeandtakeavote.W:Goodidea!I’lldothat.ThanksStewart!M:Mypleasure.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Howdoesthewomanlooktotheman?A.Confused. B.Excited. C.Anxious.9.Howdidthewomangettoknowaboutthenews?A.Fromthenewspaper. B.Fromtheradio. C.FromTV.10.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.TeachDebbieself-protection.B.PickDebbieupeveryday.C.LookforDebbie.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【解析】【原文】M:Areyouokay?Youlooksoworried.W:Ican’tstopthinkingaboutthatawfulstory.M:DidyoureaditinthenewspaperorseeitfromTV?W:Neither.Ijustlistenedtotheradiothismorning.M:Huh?Whichone?W:Theoneisaboutthelittlegirlwhogotlostthreedaysago.Andnowsheisstillnotfound.Itmakesmeworryaboutthesafetyofourdaughter.M:Don’tworry.Debbieisagoodgirlandwe’lltakecareofher.W:OK.I’llpickherupfromschooleveryday.You’lltellherhowtoprotectherselfwell.M:Noproblem.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthehotel. B.Onthephone. C.Intherestaurant.12.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.480yuan. B.960yuan. C.1,440yuan.13.Whatdoesthemanoffertothewoman?A.Hisphonenumber. B.Hiscreditcard. C.Hisconfirmationform.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?M:Yes.I’dliketobookasingleroomfromAugust18thto21stinyourhotel.W:OK.Pleasedon’thanguponme.I’llcheckourreservations.Hmm...I’mafraidwedon’thaveanysingleroomsavailableforthosedays.Whataboutadoubleroominstead?M:That’sfine.MynameisJackBrown,andthenumberis362-6833.W:Good.I’dliketoconfirmyourreservation.AdoubleroomincludingbreakfastforMr.Brownat480yuanpernightfromAugust18thto21st.M:Right.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.Whendoesthemanprobablyleavethehouseonweekdays?A.At6:30a.m. B.At6:45a.m. C.At7:00a.m.15.Whatisincludedintheman’sbreakfast?A.Porridge. B.Toast. C.Icedcoffee.16.Whatistheman?A.Areporter. B.Adoctor. C.Ashopassistant.17.Howwillthemangethometoday?ABybus. B.Onfoot. C.Bycar.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,I’mdoingareportaboutthelifeofofficeworkers.Couldyoutellmewhatyoudoonatypicalday?M:Yes.Igetupat6:30onweekdaysandthenIspend15minuteshavingawashandbrushingmyteeth.Next,Ispendanother15minutesgettingmyselfsomecoffeeandfinishingit.Afterthat,Ileavethehouseandwalktothebusstation.W:Don’tyouhavebreakfast?M:Oh,Ihavebreakfastinthecanteen.W:Whatkindofthingsdoyouhaveforbreakfast?M:Iusedtohavetoastorcereal.NowIhaveporridgeorsomethingwarm.Oh,Istartworkat8o’clock.Iorganizetheoperatinglist.AndIgenerallyhaveanothercoffeeatabout8:30whileI’vesentformyfirstpatient.Er...thenIdotheoperationsduringthecourseoftheday.W:Good.Whendoyougohome?M:Icanfinishatanytimefromsixtoeightatnight.W:Well,howdoyougethome?M:IusuallytaketheNo.15bus.Buttodaymyfriendwillpickmeupinthecar.Thatsavesabitoftime.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】18.WhatisthepurposeofthepolicyreleasedbytheMinistryofEducation?A.Toimprovekids’physicalhealth.B.Tomakekidsconcentrateonstudy.C.Toassistteacherswithmanagement.19.WhydidLiuYanpingviewtheapproachwithacriticaleye?A.Itcouldn’thelpkidsdevelopself-managementskills.B.Itcouldn’thelpkidsformgoodhabitsofphoneusage.C.Itcouldn’thelpkidsadapttotoday’ssocietywell.20.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepolicy?A.Ambiguous.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:TheMinistryofEducationreleasedanoticethatrestrictsprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsfromcarryingmobilephonestoschool.Thepolicyaimstoimprovestudents’focusonstudyandfightaddictiontotheInternetandgames.Accordingtoa2020reportbytheChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenter,Chinahad175millionInternetusersundertheageof18.Thisisworrying,aslong-timeuseofsmartphonesharmschildren’seyesight,cervicalvertebraeandeventhebrain,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Somanyschoolshavetakenmeasurestolimitstudents’phoneuseoncampusnow.ZhouDandan,anEnglishteacherinBeijingsaid,“Beforethenewregulation,manystudentsplayedgamesduringclass.Moststudentslackself-discipline.Spendingtoomuchtimeonthephonewilldistractthemandpreventthemfromlearning.”AndLiJisen,an18-year-oldstudent,agreedwiththenewpolicy.However,LiuYanping,theprincipal,said,“It’sunwisetotakea‘onesizefitsall’approach.Youcan’tsimplycutstudentsofffromtheInternetinthedigitalera.”AndKathyChen,aparentfromShanghai,allowedherdaughtertotakeherphonetoschool.Chensaidit’smoreimportanttocultivatekids’abilitytoself-manageandformgoodhabitsofphoneusage.Asforme,Ithinkalltheargumentsmentionedabovearereasonable.I’mnotsurewhattosayaboutthispolicy.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutdifferentopinions,pleasesubscribetoourWeChatofficialaccount.第二部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題2.5分，共37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AVolunteeringhaschangedoverthesepastfewyearsandvirtualvolunteeringisheretostay!FindyourperfectremoteopportunitybybecomingaSenseVirtualBuddyingvolunteer.TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy(朋友)Sensematchesvolunteerswithdisabledpeoplewhohavesimilarintereststoensureyou’llhavelotsoffuntogether.Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweachotherremotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You’llarrangeweeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaming,doingartsandcrafts,playingmusic,planting-therearesomanypossibilities!Wewillprovideyouwithweeklythemedactivitiestohelptosupportyouinplanningyourinteractionswithyourbuddy.WhatWeCanOfferYouBeforeyoustartyourvolunteeringrole,we’llmakesurethatyou’vehadthetrainingyouneedtofeelconfident.Thiswillbedeliveredonlineandthroughvideocalls.Whileyou’revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,you’llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences(ifrequired),reimbursement(報銷)ofpre-agreedexpenses(upto￡25).andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingarealdifferencetoaperson’slife.WhoWeAreLookingforWeneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandarepassionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestocommunicateandexperiencetheworld.We’realsoalwayslookingforvolunteerswhohaveknowledgeorexperienceofBritishSignLanguage.Youdon’tneedtohavepreviousexperienceofvolunteeringornursingdisabledpeople.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheroleorwouldlikesomemoreinformation,pleasecontactthevolunteeringteamatyolunteer@.21.Whatisavirtualbuddysupposedtodo?A.Evaluateweeklythemedactivities.B.Meetthedisabledinpersoneveryweek.C.Matchbuddiesbasedonsimilarinterests.D.Havevirtualinteractionswithamatchedbuddy.22.Whichofthefollowingwillbeofferedtothevolunteers?A.Freein-personjobtraining. B.Awrittenrecordofvolunteering.C.Reimbursementoftravelexpenses. D.Achancetomeetthefounders.23.Whichofthefollowingisthenecessaryqualificationtobeavirtualbuddy?AMasteringaforeignlanguage. B.Goodknowledgeaboutnursing.C.Beingcommunicativeandhelpful. D.Previousvolunteeringexperience.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是如何成為一個SenseVirtualBuddying的志愿者，并介紹了作為一名志愿者的職責、待遇和資格要求?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy(朋友)部分中的“Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweachotherremotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You’llarrangeweeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaming,doingartsandcrafts,playingmusic,planting—therearesomanypossibilities!(一旦與朋友配對，你就可以通過視頻通話、電話、短信、電子郵件或信件遠程認識對方。你會安排每周的會議，一起計劃有趣的事情。你可以玩游戲，做藝術(shù)和手工藝，演奏音樂，種植——有很多的可能性！)”可知，一個虛擬的朋友應(yīng)當與配對成功的朋友進行虛擬的遠程互動，故選D項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatWeCanOfferYou部分中的“Whileyou’revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,you’llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences(ifrequired),reimbursement(報銷)ofpre-agreedexpenses(upto￡25).andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingarealdifferencetoaperson’slife.(當你志愿與我們作為一個虛擬的朋友，你也會得到一個書面記述的志愿服務(wù)和參考（如果需要），報銷提前同意的費用（最高25英鎊），和良好的機會來發(fā)展新技能和了解新的人，同時能真正改變一個人的生活)”可知，一個志愿活動的書面記錄將會被提供給志愿者。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhoWeAreLookingfor部分中的“Weneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandarepassionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestocommunicateandexperiencetheworld.(我們需要那些善于表達他們的想法和感受，并熱衷于支持那些患有復(fù)雜殘疾的殘疾人來交流和體驗世界的志愿者)”可知，成為虛擬好友的必要條件是志愿者要有良好的溝通能力和樂于助人。故選C項。BHavingspentmorethanadecadeonthedancefloor,ROME—NiccoloFilippi,a23-year-oldItaliandanceperformer,recentlydecidedtoexploreChinesecultureanditstraditionaldanceformsandbelievesthatthisexperiencewillnotonlyboosthiscareer,butalsobroadenhishorizonsbeyondtheworldofdance.HisinterestindiversifyinghisskillsgrewafterhestumbleduponashortvideooftraditionalChinese-styleddanceonYouTube.“Isawitasanartthatcombinestraditionandmodernity,whichwasmostlythereasonwhyIlikedit,”saysFilippi.Eversince,hehasbeencloselyfollowingChinesedanceperformersandwatchingnumerousvideostolearnmoreaboutthetraditionalstylethatheadmires.“Ipreferthetraditionalstylebecauseofitslightmovements.Italsoreflectsmypersonalitywithelegance,”headds.Filippi’schancecamewhenhewasinvitedtoperformforaChineseNewYearcelebrationinthecentralItaliancityofFlorence.Hehassincefullycommittedhimselftotheartform,learningseveralpiecesandputtinghisnewfoundpassionintopractice.“ThebiggestdifferencethatIfound(comparedtootherdisciplines)isthechangeofmoodandemotionalexpressionsamongdances,”saysFilippi,addingthatheneededtoshiftfromthedynamicmovesofhip-hoptothegracefulandfluidmovementsofChinesedance.Despitevariousobstacles,Filippi’seffortshavenotgoneunnoticed.Twoofhisfriendssharedvideosofhisperformancesonsocialmedia,andtheresponsewasoverwhelming.Onevideogarnered500,000views,whiletheotherreceived200,000views.Filippibelievesthatlearningaboutdifferentculturesispriceless,andheseesitasameansofpersonalgrowth.“Iliketothinkofapersonasabook,”hesays.“Embracingdifferenttraditionsandcultures,suchasChinesecultureandmanyothers,islikeaddingnewchapterstomybook,makingitmorediverseandwonderful.”24.WhatisthemainreasonwhyFilippifallsinlovewithtraditionalChinesedance?A.Itspotentialtoboosthiscareer. B.Itsmixoftraditionalandmodernelements.C.Itsgracefulandlightmovements. D.Itstruereflectionofhiselegantpersonality.25.HowdoestheauthorillustratethepopularityofFilippi’svideos?A.Bylistingnumbers. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bysharingastory. D.Bymakingacomparison.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Filippithinkslittleoflearningfromothercultures.B.Peopleprefertowritedowntheirpastexperiences.C.Acceptingvariousculturesboostspersonalgrowth.D.Abookwithchaptersontraditionsismorewonderful.27.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Chinese-styleddancevideosgoviralonsocialmedia.B.AnItalian’sdancejourneytowardsspecializationstarts.C.Filippi’sdesireforChinesecultureextendsbeyonddance.D.AnItaliandancershowspassionforChinese-styleddance.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講的是意大利舞蹈演員NiccoloFilippi最近決定探索中國文化及其傳統(tǒng)舞蹈形式，并相信這段經(jīng)歷不僅會促進他的職業(yè)生涯，還會拓寬他在舞蹈世界之外的視野。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的““Isawitasanartthatcombinestraditionandmodernity,whichwasmostlythereasonwhyIlikedit,”saysFilippi.(Filippi說：“我認為這是一種結(jié)合了傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的藝術(shù)，這也是我喜歡它的主要原因?！?”可知，F(xiàn)ilippi愛上中國傳統(tǒng)舞蹈的主要原因是它融合了傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代元素。故選B。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Twoofhisfriendssharedvideosofhisperformancesonsocialmedia,andtheresponsewasoverwhelming.Onevideogarnered500,000views,whiletheotherreceived200,000views.(他的兩個朋友在社交媒體上分享了他的表演視頻，反響非常熱烈。其中一個視頻獲得了50萬次觀看，而另一個則獲得了20萬次觀看)”可推知，作者通過列出數(shù)字說明Filippi的視頻的受歡迎程度。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Filippibelievesthatlearningaboutdifferentculturesispriceless,andheseesitasameansofpersonalgrowth.(Filippi認為學習不同的文化是無價的，他認為這是個人成長的一種方式)”可推知，從最后一段可以推斷出接受不同的文化能促進個人成長。故選C?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Havingspentmorethanadecadeonthedancefloor,ROME—NiccoloFilippi,a23-year-oldItaliandanceperformer,recentlydecidedtoexploreChinesecultureanditstraditionaldanceformsandbelievesthatthisexperiencewillnotonlyboosthiscareer,butalsobroadenhishorizonsbeyondtheworldofdance.(23歲的意大利舞蹈演員NiccoloFilippi在舞池ROME里呆了十多年，最近他決定探索中國文化及其傳統(tǒng)舞蹈形式，并相信這段經(jīng)歷不僅會促進他的職業(yè)生涯，還會拓寬他在舞蹈世界之外的視野)”可知，本文主要講的是意大利舞蹈演員NiccoloFilippi最近決定探索中國文化及其傳統(tǒng)舞蹈形式，并相信這段經(jīng)歷不僅會促進他的職業(yè)生涯，還會拓寬他在舞蹈世界之外的視野。由此可知，D選項“AnItaliandancershowspassionforChinese-styleddance.(一位意大利舞者對中國風格的舞蹈表現(xiàn)出熱情)”能夠概括本文主旨。故選D。CMosquitoescarrymalaria(瘧疾),whichkillsthousandsofpeopleeachyear.Nowsomeresearchersaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtomaketheannoyinginsectsintopartnersinthefightagainstthedisease.Foryears,publichealthofficialshavetriedtolimitthediseasebycontrollingmosquitopopulations.“Butthatapproachistemporary,”saysAnthonyJames,aprofessorofbiologyandgeneticsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,“Becausemosquitoesareextremelytoughlittleinsects,andtheirpopulationscanquicklyrebound.”Therefore,Jamesandhiscolleagueswanttotryadifferentapproach:makingmosquitoesthemselvesintomalaria-fightingwarriors,whichisacompletedeparturefromtraditionalwaysofcontrollingmalaria.Tounderstandhowitworks,ithelpstounderstandthelifecycleofmalaria.Themalariapathogen(病原體)isaparasite(寄生蟲)thatgrowsinsidehumans.It’spassedviamosquitoesthatmovefrompersontoperson,suckingblood.“Ifwecanmakethemosquitoesdifficultforthepathogenstosurvive,wecanwipeoutthedisease,”hesays.Butmakingmosquitoesuninvitingtomalariaisatoughjob.Tosolvetheproblem,theteamusedagene-editingtechniquecalledCRISPR.Theystartedwithgenesfrommice,whoseimmunesystemsdofighthumanmalaria,engineeredthosegenes,andthengavethemtothemosquitoes.Itturnedoutthemalaria-fightingantibodieswhichgene-editedmosquitoesproducedworkedverywell.Theyreducedthenumberofparasitesinthemosquitobeforetheywerepassedtoahumanhost.James’teamarenowworkingonplanningafieldtrial,whichhehopescouldbeconductedonanislandorinanotherisolatedlocation.Butgeneticallychangingwildanimalsdoesnotsitwellwithenvironmentalists.“There’snoneedtoengineeramosquito,”saysDanaPerls,seniorprogrammanagerfortheemergingtechnologyprogramatthenon-profitFriendsoftheEarth.Perlspointsoutthatnaturallyoccurringmethodsforreducingmalariaappeartobeshowingpromise,asdoesanewvaccine(疫苗)againstthedisease.“Whytakeunnecessaryrisksandreleaseaspeciesthatcan’tberecalledonceit’sreleasedintothewild?”sheasks.28.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?A.Mosquitoesreproducequickly.B.Mosquitoesdepartfrommalaria.C.Mosquitoesaremalaria-fightingwarriors.D.Mosquitoes’populationsareundercontrol.29.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingareattractivetothemalariapathogen?A.Mice. B.Parasites. C.Mosquitoes. D.Gene-editedmosquitoes.30.Whatisenvironmentalists’attitudetowardthisnewapproach?A.Tolerant. B.Favorable. C.Objective. D.Disapproving.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LimitingMalariabyControllingMosquitoPopulationsB.ControllingMalariabyeditingMosquitoes’genesC.CuringMalariawithGene-editedMosquitoesD.PreventingMalariawithanewvaccine【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹科學家想通過編輯蚊子的基因來控制瘧疾，但環(huán)保人士反對這一做法。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Becausemosquitoesareextremelytoughlittleinsects,andtheirpopulationscanquicklyrebound.(因為蚊子是非常頑強的小昆蟲，它們的數(shù)量可以迅速回升)”可知，蚊子的繁殖速度很快。故選A?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Themalariapathogen(病原體)isaparasite(寄生蟲)thatgrowsinsidehumans.It’spassedviamosquitoesthatmovefrompersontoperson,suckingblood.(瘧疾病原體是一種生長在人體內(nèi)的寄生蟲。它通過蚊子在人與人之間傳播，吸血)”以及“Ifwecanmakethemosquitoesdifficultforthepathogenstosurvive,wecanwipeoutthedisease(如果我們能讓蚊子難以讓病原體存活，我們就能消滅這種疾病)”可知，蚊子能吸引瘧疾病原體。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butgeneticallychangingwildanimalsdoesnotsitwellwithenvironmentalists.(但是，改變野生動物的基因并不受環(huán)保人士的歡迎)”和“Whytakeunnecessaryrisksandreleaseaspeciesthatcan’tberecalledonceit’sreleasedintothewild?(為什么要冒不必要的風險，釋放一個一旦被釋放到野外就無法召回的物種?)”推知，環(huán)保人士對改變蚊子基因來消滅瘧疾的方法是反對的。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第三段“Therefore,Jamesandhiscolleagueswanttotryadifferentapproach:makingmosquitoesthemselvesintomalaria-fightingwarriors,whichisacompletedeparturefromtraditionalwaysofcontrollingmalaria.(因此，詹姆斯和他的同事們想嘗試一種不同的方法：讓蚊子自己成為抗擊瘧疾的戰(zhàn)士，這與控制瘧疾的傳統(tǒng)方法完全不同)”和倒數(shù)第三段“Itturnedoutthemalaria-fightingantibodieswhichgene-editedmosquitoesproducedworkedverywell.Theyreducedthenumberofparasitesinthemosquitobeforetheywerepassedtoahumanhost.(事實證明，經(jīng)過基因編輯的蚊子產(chǎn)生的抗瘧疾抗體效果非常好。它們減少了蚊子體內(nèi)寄生蟲的數(shù)量，然后將它們傳給人類宿主)”可知，本文主要介紹科學家想通過編輯蚊子的基因來控制瘧疾。故B項“ControllingMalariabyeditingMosquitoes’genes(通過編輯蚊子基因控制瘧疾)”可作為本文的最佳標題。故選B。DOnedayItypedintoChatGPTallaboutmyupsetfeelingsanditinstantlyresponded,offeringalistofpracticaladvice.NowadaysmillionsofpeoplearealreadyturningtoChatGPTandspecialisttherapy(治療)chatbotsforconvenientandinexpensivementalhealthsupport.Someexpertssaythisisaboon.Afterall,AI,undisturbedbyembarrassmentandburnout,mightbeabletoexpressempathy(同理心)moreopenlyandtirelesslythanhumans.Butothersworryabouttheconsequencesofpeopleseekingemotionalsupportfrommachinesthatcanonlypretendtocare.Someevenwonderiftheriseofso-calledempatheticAImightchangethewayweinteractwithoneanother.Indeed,empathyisoneofourspecies’definingqualities,developingasitdidinpacewithsocialinteraction.Onerecentanalysisaboutempathylookedat52studiespublishedbetween1980and2019,whichshowsthattheempathisermustfirstbeabletorecognizehowtheotherpersonisfeeling.Theymustalsobeaffectedbythoseemotionsanddifferentiatebetweenthemselvesandtheotherperson,graspingthattheotherperson’sfeelingsaren’ttheirownwhilestillbeingabletoimaginetheirexperience.Onthefirstpoint,inrecentyears,AI-poweredchatbotshavemadeprogressintheirabilitytoreadhumanemotions,mostpoweredbylargelanguagemodels(LLMs)thatworkbypredictingwhichwordsaremostlikelytoappeartogetherbasedontrainingdata.Inthisway,LLMslikeChatGPTcanseeminglyidentifyourfeelingsandrespondappropriatelymostofthetime.Butwhenitcomestotheothercriteria,AIstillmissesthemarkinmanyways.Empathyisinterpersonal,withcontinuedfeedbackhelpingtoperfecttheempathiser’sresponse,whichalsorequiressomedegreeofintuitive(直覺的)awarenessofanindividualandtheirsituation.AllofthishelpstoexplainconversationsliketheonesIhadwithChatGPT.Attheendoftheday,despitetalkingtomultiplechatbotsonline,IdidwhatIknewIhadtodoallalong:Ipickedupmyphoneandcalledafriend.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boon”inparagraph2mean?A.Trap. B.Prize. C.Blessing. D.Challenge.33.Whatdoestherecentanalysisshowaboutempathy?A.Itcallsforclearcommunication. B.Itstartswithemotionidentification.C.Itrulesoutindividualdifference. D.Itdependsonrichimagination.34.WhatcanAIdoaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Providedata-drivenfeedback. B.Recognizeone’srealdesire.C.Updatelargelanguagemodels. D.Predictone’sbehaviorbyintuition.35.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofChatGPT?A.Itsdevelopmentshouldbespedup.B.Itsintelligenceiswinningmorefavor.C.Itsapplicationshouldbestrictlymanaged.D.Itsartificialkindnessisnomatchforhumans’.【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了AI聊天機器人在提供心理支持方面的利弊，以及與人類真正同理心的差距。【32題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Afterall,AI,undisturbedbyembarrassmentandburnout,mightbeabletoexpressempathy(同理心)moreopenlyandtirelesslythanhumans.(畢竟，人工智能不受尷尬和倦怠的影響，可能比人類更公開、更不知疲倦地表達同理心)”可知，這里提到人工智能因為不受尷尬和疲憊的影響，可能在表達同理心上比人類更開放、不知疲倦，因此對于某些專家來說，這是人工智能在心理健康支持方面的優(yōu)勢，是一種好事。所以boon在這里意為“好事，益處”。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Onerecentanalysisaboutempathylookedat52studiespublishedbetween1980and2019,whichshowsthattheempathisermustfirstbeabletorecognizehowtheotherpersonisfeeling.(最近一項關(guān)于移情的分析對1980年至2019年間發(fā)表的52項研究進行了研究，結(jié)果表明，移情者必須首先能夠識別對方的感受)”可知，關(guān)于同理心的最近分析表明，同理心的首要條件是能夠識別另一個人的感受。故選B?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Onthefirstpoint,inrecentyears,Al-poweredchatbotshavemadeprogressintheirabilitytoreadhumanemotions,mostpoweredbylargelanguagemodels(LLMs)thatworkbypredictingwhichwordsaremostlikelytoappeartogetherbasedontrainingdata.

Inthisway,LLMslikeChatGPTcanseeminglyidentifyourfeelingsandrespondappropriatelymostofthetime.(關(guān)于第一點，近年來，Al驅(qū)動的聊天機器人在讀取人類情緒的能力方面取得了進展，最有力的是大型語言模型（LLM），該模型通過根據(jù)訓練數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測哪些單詞最有可能出現(xiàn)在一起。這樣，像ChatGPT這樣的LLM似乎可以識別我們的感受，并在大多數(shù)時候做出適當?shù)姆磻?yīng))”可知，人工智能如ChatGPT能夠識別我們的情感并做出適當?shù)姆磻?yīng)，這是基于大量語言模型對數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)測能力，即能夠提供數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動的反饋。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Butwhenitcomestotheothercriteria,AIstillmissesthemarkinmanyways.Empathyisinterpersonal,withcontinuedfeedbackhelpingtoperfecttheempathiser’sresponse,whichalsorequiressomedegreeofintuitive(直覺的)awarenessofanindividualandtheirsituation.(但當談到其他標準時，人工智能在許多方面仍然沒有達到目標。移情是一種人際關(guān)系，持續(xù)的反饋有助于完善移情者的反應(yīng)，這也需要對個人及其處境有一定程度的直覺意識)”以及最后一段的“Attheendoftheday,despitetalkingtomultiplechatbotsonline,IdidwhatIknewIhadtodoallalong:Ipickedupmyphoneandcalledafriend.(一天結(jié)束時，盡管我在網(wǎng)上與多個聊天機器人交談，但我還是做了我一直知道必須做的事：拿起手機給一個朋友打了電話)”可知，作者在與多個聊天機器人交談后，最終還是選擇給朋友打電話尋求情感支持。這表明，雖然ChatGPT能提供一定的幫助，但在作者看來，它的人工善意仍然不能與真實的人類情感交流相比。由此可推知，作者認為它的人工善意無法與人類的相比。故選D。第二節(jié)：(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Holidaysabroadareeasierthaneverthankstosmartphones.Withtheautumnweatherfastapproaching,it’stheperfecttimeofyeartojetoffandgetawayfromhustlesandbustles.____36____Herearesometoptipstomakesureyou’renotcaughtoutonyourbreakabroad.TreatyourselftoapowerbankThebatteriesinsideourphonesaretypicallydesignedtolastforaroundadayofmoderateusage.____37____Soyou’regoingtowantsomeextrasupportsoyoudon’tendupgoingAWOL(absentwithoutleave)whenyourphonedies.That’swhyIrecommendpickingupaUSBpowerbank,whichwillgiveyoualittlebitofextrajuicetokeepyouconnectedtotherestoftheworld.EnableDataroaming(漫游)____38____Thegoodnewsisthatitiseasierthanevertostayconnectedtothenetwhenabroad.Makesureyoucheckwithyournetworkproviderwhatyourroamingplanis.InmanycountriesitisstraightforwardtobuyaSIMcardforalocalnetwork,withamuchmoregenerousdataallowance.____39____Ifyou’vegotanewerphone,itwillprobablysupport“eSIM”—whereyoucansimplyuseanapplikeHolaflyorAiralowhileconnectedtowifitosetyourselfuponanewnetworktemporarily.DownloadofflineapplicationsoftwareAndfinally,youneedtogetyourappsinorder.Onceyoureachyourdestinationyou’llneedamappingapp,andmaybeevenatranslationapp—AppleandGooglemaketheirownversionofboth.Andmoderntranslationappsareparticularlyexciting.____40____Thenyougetacleartranslation.Makesurethatallofthecriticaldataisdownloa