四川省南充市嘉陵第一中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題

絕密★啟用前南充市嘉陵一中高2023級(jí)高二上期12月月考英語試卷（滿分：150分時(shí)間：120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Findaseat. B.Lookforhisbag. C.Pickupaman.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,isthisseattaken?W:Idon’tthinkso.Themangothisbagandleftafewminutesago.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howlongwilltheregistrationlast?A.Onehour. B.Oneandahalfhours. C.Onehourandfortyminutes.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:HiMary.Ijustwantedtogooverthescheduleforthemeeting.Youknow,justtobeonthesafeside.W:Okay?Theregistrationstartsat9,goesto10:30,thenthemeetingwillbeginat10:40.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wherecouldthespeakersmostprobablybe?AInaclassroom. B.Inalibrary. C.Inanoffice.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:HiMarco,ein.M:Thanks,Ms.Whitton.I’vegotabitstucktryingtochoosecoursesfornextterm.Couldyouhelpme,please?W:Ofcourse.Sitdown.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatistheconversationabout?A.Whythetigersharkisscary.B.Whatthetigersharklookslike.C.Howthetigersharkgetsitsname.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Betty,doyouknowwhytheseanimalsarecalledthetigershark?W:That’seasy.Theyhaveafrighteningnatureastigers.M:Well,inactualfact,that’sbecausetheyhavedark,narrowareassimilartothoseonatiger’sbody.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?AHersisterlovesvillages. B.Tommakesamistake. C.Shelikeshersister.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】M:Cindy,Ican'tbelievewe'llvisitEnglandnextweek.Iwanttoseethefamouschurches.W:Well,I'dliketoseethelovelyvillages.M:Really?Butyousaidyouhatevillages.W:Oh,Tom,it'smysisterwhosaidthat.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutmostsports?A.Bored. B.Frightened. C.Excited.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingfinally?A.Skiing. B.Skating. C.Jogging.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:Weshouldstartplayingsportsmore.Howaboutswimming?W:Yeah,Iwanttogetinshape,butI’mafraidofwater.M:Really?Howaboutskiing?W:Ican’t.I’mafraidI’dbreakmyleg.M:Oh,well,howaboutbiking?W:Noway.IthinkI’llgethitbyacar.M:Youtellmewhatyouthinkissafe?W:Howaboutjogging?聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.WhatdidthemandolastSaturday?A.Campedout. B.Joinedaclub. C.Studiedalot.9.Whydopeoplejoin“FlashPlay”?A.Toexperienceacrisis. B.Toearnmoney. C.Tomakefriends.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Tom,whatdidyoudolastSaturday?M:IcampedoutinthesuburbsofBeijingbyjoiningamakingfriendgroup.W:Ohreally?IsitsocalledFlashPlay?M:Yeah,Ihaddoubtaboutitbefore,butnowIthinkitisagoodwaytomakefriends.W:Absolutely.Someofmyfriendshavesuchexperiences,butIprefertogooutbymyself.M:Haha,youareout.Nowitiseconomiccrisis.Everyonewantstosavemoney,butalsowantstogooutforfun.FlashPlaycankeepyourmoneyinyourpocket.Ifyouareupset,maybetheycanmakeyouhappy.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.WhydoesthewomancallDr.Brown’sOffice?A.Tokeepanappointment. B.Todelayanappointment. C.Tocancelanappointment.11.Whatshouldthewomandotoavoidbeingcharged?A.Calladayinadvance. B.Calltwodaysinadvance. C.Callthreedaysinadvance.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shecan’tmeetDoctorBrownforhercatchingabadcold.B.Shewillbechargedfor24dollarsforthedelayedcanceling.C.Shehasmadeanotherappointmentforherunderstanding.【答案】10.C11.B12.A【解析】【原文】M:HelloDr.brown’soffice,howcanIhelpyou?W:Hi,thisisSusanSmith.I’mcallingaboutmyappointmentwithDrbrowntodayat3:30p.m..I’msorrytosaythatIcan’tbetherebythen.M:Whathappened?W:IgotthefluIhaveafeverandaheadache.CanIcancelmyappointment?M:Sureyoucan,butyou’llbechargedfortendollars.W:Oh,there’scharge.Why?M:Thisisforthedelayedcancelling?Becausethistimeisreservedforyou.Ifyouareunabletokeepanappointment,youshouldcallus48hoursinadvance,otherwisethechargewillbemade.W:Isee.That’sOK.I’llpay.M:Thanksforyourunderstanding.Doyouwanttomakeanotherappointment?W:No,notrightnow.Thankyou.Bye.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Whenwillthemangotoseetheperformance?A.Onthe25th. B.Onthe26th. C.Onthe27th.14.WherewillthemangothisSunday?A.Toapostoffice. B.Toapark. C.Tohispany.15.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthetickets?A.15pounds. B.20pounds. C.25pounds.16.Howwillthemangethistickets?A.Thewomanwillsendthemtohim.B.Hisdaughterswillcollectthem.C.Hewillfetchtheminperson.【答案】13.B14.C15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Hello,TheatreRoyalPlymouth.M:Hello.I’dliketomakeabooking,TheSummerRainthisFridaythe25th.W:Oh,sorry,we’refullybookedforthatperformance.M:Whataboutthefollowingdaythen?W:Yes,that’sOK,butthere’sonlyoneat9:30inthemorningonthatday.We’vegottwoonthe27thintheafternoon.M:Well,I’dchoosethe27thifIdidn’thaveasalesmeetinginthepanythatday.W:Isee.Sotheoneinthemorning.OK.Howmanypeople?M:Well,threeofus,meandmytwodaughtersW:￡10foradultsand￡5forchildren.Howoldareyourdaughters?M:Oneis15andtheotheris12.Dotheygetapricereduction?W:Onlythe12yearoldI’mafraid.Sothat’sonechildandtwoadults.OK,howdoyouwanttocollectyourtickets?ShallIputtheminthepost?Ordoyouwanttogetthemfromtheboxofficeyourself?M:Couldyoupostthemplease?W:Noproblem.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutprivateschools?A.Theyareusuallysinglesex.B.Theyhavenorulesaboutclothing.C.Theyhavespecialclassesforeverystudent.18.Howlongdotheclassesgenerallylasteveryday?A.About9hours. B.About7hours. C.About5hours.19.Whendoestheschoolyeargenerallystart?A.AtthebeginningofJanuary.B.AtthebeginningofSeptember.C.AtthebeginningofFebruary.20.WhatcanwelearnabouttheeducationsysteminAustralia?A.Everyclassroomhasdifferentagegroups.B.Studentswithproblemsmaybeputintotheaterclasses.C.Theschoolclassesarefollowedbyafterschoolactivities.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】TheeducationsysteminAustraliaconsistsofatotalof12years.Primaryschoolsandhighschoolsarebasedontheageofthestudent,sothateveryroomhasthesameagegroup,withastudenthardlyeverhavingtorepeatayear.Thestudentswithproblemsintheirstudiesmaybeputintospecialclasses.Mostofthechildrenstartprimaryschoolattheageof5.Thenthestudentgoesforsecondaryschoolattheageof12or13.Well,thesubjectoftheeducationsystemistoobroad.TodayI’dliketofocusontheschoolsysteminAustralia.TheschoolsysteminAustraliadoesdependonwhetheryougotoaprivateorapublicschool.Inthestate,therearealotofprivateschools,andgenerallythey’resinglesexhighschools.Thepublichighschoolsaregenerallymixed.Alloftheprivatehighschoolsinsistthatyouweartheirschooluniforms,andthatmightmeanaschooltieandaschooljacket.However,thepublichighschoolsoftengiveyouachoiceofwhetheryouwanttowearauniformornot.Theschoolclassesgenerallystartanywherebetween8:30and9o’clockinthemorning,andrununtil3:30intheafternoon,andthey’refollowedbyafterschoolactivitieslikesportsandmusicandtheater.TheschoolyeargenerallystartsinthebeginningofFebruary,afterthesummervacation.Thesummervacationlastsaboutsixweeks,andit’saroundtheChristmasperiod.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheMostBeautifulSeasintheWorldConsideringthemostbeautifulseas,it’sworthpayingattentiontothesouthernwaterbodies,although,withoutdoubt,eachseaisattractiveandcharminginitsownway.ThemostbeautifulseaintheworldCoralSeaIfweconsiderthebeautyoftheseas,andnottheircoasts,thenthefirstplaceshouldbegiventotheCoralSea.TheCoralSeaisadangerousplaceforsailors,andatthesametimeoneofthemostbeautifulplacesfordiving,andallthisisduetotheuniquecoralreefsthatareatitsbottom.ThesecondplaceRedSeaTheRedSeaisatrulymagnificentplace.Ithasrichfishstocks,ahugenumberofamazingcreaturesliveinit,andtheunderwaterworldisexceptionallyrich.Manycoralsliveonlyhere,anddiversarestrictlyforbiddentobreakthem.ThethirdplaceCaribbeanThisisthewarmestexotic(異域風(fēng)情的)placewherenotonlytheseabutalsotheplantsonitscoastpleasetheeye.It’slocatedbetweenNorthandSouthAmerica,andonitsshorethereareanumberofsmallcountries.Manytouristsehere,becauseresthereisinexpensive,andyoucanexperiencedifferentculturaltraditions.ThefourthplaceBaliSeaTheBaliSeaislocatedinthePacificOcean.Thisisanotherparadise(天堂)forrelaxation，receivingmanytouristseveryseason.Theseahasawarmclimate,creatingidealconditionsforrelaxingontheislandsofJava,Sulawesi,Sumbawa,Madura.21.ForwhichgroupofpeopleistheCoralSeamostsuitable?A.Visitorshopingforbeautifulandrelaxingcoasts.B.Swimmerslookingforthebestswimmingpools.CProfessionaldiverswithadvancedequipment.D.Youngsailorshopingtofinduniquecoralreefs.22.Whereshouldyougoifyoulikevariousseacreatures?A.CoralSea. B.RedSea. C.Caribbean. D.BaliSea.23.WhydomanyvisitorsetotheCaribbean?A.Toappreciatedifferentcultureswithlesscost.B.Tolookformorecoralsandthebestplacestodive.C.Toadmirehowvolcanoeseruptinashortdistance.D.TorelaxontheislandsofJava,Sulawesiandsoon.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界上最美麗的四大海洋：海珊瑚海、紅海、加勒比海、巴厘海?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThemostbeautifulseaintheworldCoralSea部分“TheCoralSeaisadangerousplaceforsailors,andatthesametimeoneofthemostbeautifulplacesfordiving,andallthisisduetotheuniquecoralreefsthatareatitsbottom.”（珊瑚海對(duì)水手來說是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的地方，同時(shí)也是潛水最美麗的地方之一，而這一切都?xì)w功于海底獨(dú)特的珊瑚礁。）可知配備先進(jìn)設(shè)備的專業(yè)潛水員最適合去珊瑚海。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThesecondplaceRedSea部分“TheRedSeaisatrulymagnificentplace.Ithasrichfishstocks,ahugenumberofamazingcreaturesliveinit,andtheunderwaterworldisexceptionallyrich.”（紅海是一個(gè)真正壯麗的地方。它有豐富的魚類種群，生活著大量令人驚嘆的生物，水下世界異常豐富。）可知如果你喜歡各種各樣的海洋生物，你應(yīng)該去紅海。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThethirdplaceCaribbean部分的“Manytouristsehere,becauseresthereisinexpensive,andyoucanexperiencedifferentculturaltraditions.”（許多游客來到這里，因?yàn)檫@里的休閑很便宜，你可以體驗(yàn)不同的文化傳統(tǒng)。）許多游客來到加勒比海是為了以更低的成本欣賞不同的文化。故選A項(xiàng)。B“Womendonotownlandsinmymunityexceptiftheyareabletobuyone,asmostofthelandsinafamilyarepassedontothemalechildren.Soawomanwhointendstoownalandmustbepreparedtoworkhard.”MonicaMaigariwasbornandraisedinhernativemunityofMadakiya,locatedinthesouthernpartofKadunastateofnorthwesternNigeria.In2014,herachievementsasafarmer,munityleader,andwomen’sadvocatewonherrecognitionasanOxfamFemaleFoodHero.Sincethattime,shehasdeepenedherinvolvementinthelocalmunitywhilesharingherskillswithinfluentialaudiences.Monicahasbeenafarmerformorethan30years.Despitegreatchallengesfacedbyruralwomenfarmers,suchaslandaccessibility,labourcosts,marketaccess,andclimatechange,shehasachievedgreatsuccess.Shestartedwithasmallfieldforcropcultivationin1984andthenexpandedintovariouscropsandlivestockfarming.Likeallfarmersinherregion,Monica’sagriculturalproductivityisthreatenedbyclimatechange.Sheisleadinghermunityinadaptingtotheeffectswhilechallengingpolicymakerstoact.InNovember2014,outofthe1,280contestantsnationwide,MonicawontheFemaleFoodHerotitleforherinnovativeandleadershipqualities.Againstlocalpractices,shechosetopurchasefarmlandwithherprizemoneyinordertoreducethecostofrentingalandandhelpploughback(把……再投資)thatmoneyintoheragribusiness.ShedescribestheFFHasbeingatrulylifechangingexperience,“Iacquiredseveralskills.Iwastaughtthevaluechain.Myproductivityandinehassteadilyincreased.Iammorefinanciallystable.SinceherrecognitionfromOxfam,MonicahasbeenindemandasaspeakerthroughoutNigeriaandabroad,andsheisnowabletoeducateotherfemalefarmers.Realizingthisyetalwayshumble(謙虛的),Monicasimplydescribesherselfas“ahardworkingwomandevotedtoencouragingwomenespeciallythoselessprivilegedtogointoagriculture”.24.WhatdoestheauthorintendtostressinParagraph1?A.Monica’sachievementsasawomen’sadvocate.B.Thechallengesofhavinglandsfacedbywomen.C.Theroleofmalechildrenplayedinpossessinglands.D.Theimportanceofwomen’sinvolvementinagriculture.25.WhywasMonicachosenasaFoodHero?A.Sheusedhermoneytobuyfarmland.B.Shewascreativeandhadstrongleadership.C.Sheservedasapublicspeakerathomeandabroad.D.Sheownedlandsinamunitywherewomentypicallydonot.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMonica?A.Shybutstrict. B.Creativebutproud.C.Devotedandinspiring. D.Hardworkingandsensitive.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Women’sLandRightsinMadakiyaB.ClimateChangeandAgricultureinNigeriaC.OxfamFemaleFoodHero:MonicaMaigariD.AFarmer’sJourneyinNorthwesternNigeria【答案】24.B25.B26.C27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了樂施會(huì)女性食物英雄Monica鼓勵(lì)更多女性投身農(nóng)業(yè)的故事?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Womendonotownlandsinmymunityexceptiftheyareabletobuyone,asmostofthelandsinafamilyarepassedontothemalechildren.(在我的社區(qū)里，女性沒有土地，除非她們有能力購買，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)家庭中的大部分土地都傳給了男性子女。)”可知，此句話提供了故事的背景：女人只有通過購買才能獲得土地，因?yàn)榇蟛糠滞恋囟急粋鹘o男孩子了。所以，此段強(qiáng)調(diào)女人想要擁有土地所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“InNovember2014,outofthe1,280contestantsnationwide,MonicawontheFemaleFoodHerotitleforherinnovativeandleadershipqualities.(2014年11月，在全國(guó)1280名參賽者中，Monica憑借其創(chuàng)新和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能獲得了女性美食英雄稱號(hào)。)”可知，因?yàn)閯?chuàng)造性和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)品質(zhì)，Monica被選為“樂施會(huì)女性食物英雄”。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Realizingthisyetalwayshumble(謙虛的),Monicasimplydescribesherselfas“ahardworkingwomandevotedtoencouragingwomenespeciallythoselessprivilegedtogointoagriculture”(意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，但始終謙遜，Monica簡(jiǎn)單地將自己描述為“一個(gè)勤奮的女性，致力于鼓勵(lì)女性，尤其是那些沒有特權(quán)的女性進(jìn)入農(nóng)業(yè)”。)”可知，她是有奉獻(xiàn)精神的(devoted),且能夠鼓舞人心的(inspiring)。“encourage”和“inspire”是近義詞轉(zhuǎn)變。故選C?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Womendonotownlandsinmymunityexceptiftheyareabletobuyone,asmostofthelandsinafamilyarepassedontothemalechildren.(在我的社區(qū)里，女性沒有土地，除非她們有能力購買，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)家庭中的大部分土地都傳給了男性子女。)”可知，MonicaMaigari獲得成就的背景。根據(jù)第四段中“InNovember2014,outofthe1,280contestantsnationwide,MonicawontheFemaleFoodHerotitleforherinnovativeandleadershipqualities.(2014年11月，在全國(guó)1280名參賽者中，Monica憑借其創(chuàng)新和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能獲得了女性美食英雄稱號(hào)。)”可知，Monica獲得了女性美食英雄稱號(hào)的原因。且根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了樂施會(huì)女性食物英雄Monica鼓勵(lì)更多女性投身農(nóng)業(yè)的故事。故選C。CTurnonalightoutsideatnight,anditwon’tbelongbeforelotsofinsectsstartgatheringaroundit.Thisbehaviorhasledtoapopularparisonforattraction,“l(fā)ikeamothtoaflame.”However,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalNaturemunications,itturnsoutthatinsectsaren’t“attracted”toartificiallights,butratherconfusedbyit.Thenewfindingisbasedonatheoryaboutinsectorientation(定位).Duetotheirsmallandlightweightbodies,insectsexperiencelessairresistance,allowingthemtoachievehigheraccelerations(加速度),whichinturnmakesitchallengingforthemtosenseupanddownduringflight.So,theytypicallyrelyonstablelightsourceslikethemoonandstarstoorientthemselvesatnight,keepingtheskyattheirbackstostayupright.However,theintroductionofartificiallightsconfusestheirnaturalsenseofdirection.Theinsectsyouseecirclingstreetlights,inotherwords,areprobablylost.Toreachtheseconclusions,scientistsusedhighresolutioncamerastofilminsectsflyingaroundartificiallightsinCostaRica.Theyalsoattachedtinysensorstoinsectsandfilmedmotioncapturevideosoftheminflight.Inthisway,researcherscanslowdowntheinsectspaceandstudytheirmovementsingreaterdetail.Thevideosshowedinsectsturningtheirbackstowardsourcesofartificiallight—evenatthepriceofflippingoverorcrashing.Thiscanbedangerousforinsects,ascirclingaroundartificiallightscanputthematriskfromenemies,exhaustion,andstarvation,causingmanytodiebeforemorning.Nightartificiallightisamajorcauseofinsectpopulationloss,whichcouldseverelyimpactcroppollinationandfoodsuppliesforlargeranimals,includinghumans.“Insectshavebeenflyingaroundfor370millionyears,andit’sjustinthelast150yearsthatit’sreallygonewrongforthem,”saysentomologistSamuelFabianofImperialCollegeLondon.“Ifwedon’twanttoinfluencelargeamountsofinsectpopulations,weshouldnothavelightsshiningupintothesky.”28.Whathavescientistsfoundoutaboutinsects?A.Artificiallightscandisturbtheirsenseofdirection.B.Theirpopulationsareindecline.C.Theyoftenflyquicklyduringthenight.D.Theireyesightiswelladaptedtolightchanges.29.Howdidthescientistsconducttheexperiment?A.Bydetectingthelivingenvironmentofinsects.B.Bymonitoringtheinsects’brainactivityduringflight.C.Bymakingvideostostudyinsects’movements.D.Bybuildingmodelstoanalyzeinsects’motionpatterns.30.WhydoestheauthormentionFabian’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Tostresstheimportanceofinsectstofoodsupplies.B.Toappealtopeopletoreducelightpollution.C.Toshowthereasonsforinsectsflyingaroundlights.D.Toexplaintheeffectsofinsects’deathonhumanlife.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowArtificialLightsImpacttheEcosystemB.WhatLeadstotheLossofInsectPopulationsC.HowInsectsOrientThemselvesintheFlightD.WhyInsectsareAttractedtoLightsatNight【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。詳細(xì)解釋了昆蟲為何會(huì)被夜間的燈光所吸引，揭示了背后的科學(xué)原因，并指出了這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)昆蟲以及生態(tài)環(huán)境可能產(chǎn)生的影響?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thenewfindingisbasedonatheoryaboutinsectorientation(定位).Duetotheirsmallandlightweightbodies,insectsexperiencelessairresistance,allowingthemtoachievehigheraccelerations(加速度),whichinturnmakesitchallengingforthemtosenseupanddownduringflight.So,theytypicallyrelyonstablelightsourceslikethemoonandstarstoorientthemselvesatnight,keepingtheskyattheirbackstostayupright.However,theintroductionofartificiallightsconfusestheirnaturalsenseofdirection.Theinsectsyouseecirclingstreetlights,inotherwords,areprobablylost.(這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于昆蟲定位的理論。由于昆蟲體積小、重量輕，所受到的空氣阻力較小，使它們能夠獲得更高的加速度，而這反過來又使它們?cè)陲w行中很難感知上下方向。因此，它們通常依靠穩(wěn)定的光源，如月亮和星星，在夜間進(jìn)行定位，保持天空在它們的背后，以保持身體直立。然而，人造光的引入擾亂了它們的自然方向感。換句話說，你看到在路燈周圍盤旋的昆蟲，可能迷失了方向。)”可知，關(guān)于昆蟲，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)人造光會(huì)干擾它們的方向感。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Toreachtheseconclusions,scientistsusedhighresolutioncamerastofilminsectsflyingaroundartificiallightsinCostaRica.Theyalsoattachedtinysensorstoinsectsandfilmedmotioncapturevideosoftheminflight.Inthisway,researcherscanslowdowntheinsectspaceandstudytheirmovementsingreaterdetail.Thevideosshowedinsectsturningtheirbackstowardsourcesofartificiallight—evenatthepriceofflippingoverorcrashing.(為了得出這些結(jié)論，科學(xué)家們使用高分辨率攝像機(jī)拍攝了哥斯達(dá)黎加昆蟲在人造光周圍飛行的視頻。他們還在昆蟲身上附著了微型傳感器，并拍攝了它們?cè)陲w行中的動(dòng)作捕捉視頻。通過這種方式，研究人員可以放慢昆蟲的速度，更詳細(xì)地研究它們的運(yùn)動(dòng)。視頻顯示，昆蟲會(huì)背對(duì)人造光源，甚至不惜以翻身或墜落的代價(jià)。)”可知，科學(xué)家們通過制作視頻來研究昆蟲的運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Insectshavebeenflyingaroundfor370millionyears,andit’sjustinthelast150yearsthatit’sreallygonewrongforthem,”saysentomologistSamuelFabianofImperialCollegeLondon.“Ifwedon’twanttoinfluencelargeamountsofinsectpopulations,weshouldnothavelightsshiningupintothesky.”(倫敦帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院的昆蟲學(xué)家塞繆爾·法比安說：“昆蟲已經(jīng)飛行了3.7億年，只是在過去的150年里，它們才真正出現(xiàn)了問題。”“如果我們不想影響大量的昆蟲種群，我們就不應(yīng)該讓燈光照亮天空?！?”可知，此處法比安說如果我們不想影響大量的昆蟲種群，我們就不應(yīng)該讓燈光照亮天空，所以是在呼吁人們減少光污染。故選B項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Tunonalightoutsideatnight,anditwon’tbelongbeforelotsofinsectsstartgatheringaroundit.Thisbehaviorhasledtoapopularparisonforattraction,“l(fā)ikeamothtoaflame.”However,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalNaturemunications,itturnsoutthatinsectsaren’t“attracted”toartificiallights,butratherconfusedbyit.(晚上在外面開一盞燈，不久就會(huì)有許多昆蟲開始聚集在它周圍。這種行為導(dǎo)致人們將吸引力比作“飛蛾撲火”。然而，根據(jù)發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的一項(xiàng)新研究，事實(shí)證明，昆蟲并沒有被人造光“吸引”，而是被人造光弄糊涂了)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要解釋了昆蟲為何會(huì)被夜間的燈光所吸引，揭示了背后的科學(xué)原因，所以D項(xiàng)“WhyInsectsareAttractedtoLightsatNight(為什么昆蟲在夜間會(huì)被燈光吸引)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。DIt’sabalmysummerdayatthebeach—you’relyinginthesun,enjoyingthewaterandhangingoutwithfriends.Butsuddenly,youstarttofeelafamiliarpainbehindyourtemples(太陽穴),andyouwonder:whydoyoualwaysgetheadacheswhenit’shotout?Someresearchdoessuggestthatpeople’sratesofheadachesrisewhentemperaturesgoup.However,expertslikeDr.NolanPearson,aneurologyfellowwhospecializesinheadacheatCedarsSinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,saidit’simportanttolookbeyondheattofindthereasonforsummertimeheadaches.“Weatherisverymoninthetopfivetriggers(誘因)thatpeopledoreport.But,Iwouldspeculatethatitmightbeactuallyduetothingsthatgoalongwithhotweatherratherthantheheatitself.”Mostresearchonheatandheadachesonlyshowsaconnectionbetweenthetwo.Forexample,astudymightlookathospitaladmissionratesforheadachesduringdifferentmonthsoftheyearandfindheadachesaremoremoninsummer.Butthatdoesn’tprovethatheatdirectlycausedthoseheadaches.Therecouldbeotherenvironmentalandlifestylechangesthathappenduringthesummer—likeairquality,lightexposureoractivitylevels.Therefore,Pearsonremendsthateachpersonwithheadacheshoneinonthesepossibletriggers,sincethesehavemoreresearchbehindthemandmaybeeasiertohandlethantheheatitself.Poorairqualityisawellknownheadachetrigger,andonemoneffectofheatwavesisthattheytendtomakeairqualityworse.Heatcancausesomechemicalelementsintheairtotransformintoozone(臭氧)andotherharmfulsubstances.Inaddition,windandairpressuresystemsdrivenbyhotweathercanmakepollutantslingerovercities,ratherthanfloataway.WarmermonthsalsoealongwithlongerdaysandgreaterUV(紫外線)exposure.Lightexposureandheadacheshaveaplicatedrelationship,though.Whilesomeresearchsuggeststhatbrightlightisn’taheadachetrigger,peoplewithmigraines(偏頭痛)areoftensensitivetobrightlightsduringanattack.Soitmightbethatablazingsummersuncanmakeexistingheadachesworse.Ontopofallofthat,heatcandestroyaperson’ssleepschedule.“Good,restfulsleephappensmosteffectivelyinacolderenvironment,”Pearsonsaid.Whenanightofsleepisdisturbed—bybeingoverheated,forinstance—peoplearesignificantlymorelikelytoexperiencemigrainesandotherheadaches.32.Whatmaybethecauseofsummertimeheadaches?A.Thedirecteffectofheat. B.Changesoflivinghabits.C.Restfulsleepincooldays. D.Chemicalelementsintheair.33.Whatdoesthephrase“honeinon”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Takeadvantageof. B.Putupwith.C.Headtowards. D.Concentrateon.34Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Hospitaladmissionratesforheadachesarelowerinsummerthaninwinter.B.Poorairqualityistheleadingreasonthattriggerspeople’sheadaches.C.Pollutantsintheaircan’tfloatawayduetothedestructionofthewindsystem.D.Exposuretothesuncausesworseconditionforpeoplewithmigraines.35.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Effectivemeasuresinsummertime.B.Majorlimitationsinpresentresearch.C.Detailedanalysisofpeople’slifestyles.D.Explanationsofexperimentalmethods.【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章探討了夏季頭痛的原因，指出高溫并非唯一誘因，還涉及空氣質(zhì)量、紫外線暴露和睡眠干擾等因素?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“However,expertslikeDr.NolanPearson,aneurologyfellowwhospecializesinheadacheatCedarsSinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,saidit’simportanttolookbeyondheattofindthereasonforsummertimeheadaches.(然而，洛杉磯西奈山醫(yī)學(xué)中心專門研究頭痛的神經(jīng)病學(xué)研究員諾蘭·皮爾遜博士等專家表示，要找出夏季頭痛的原因，重要的是要超越熱量本身。)”和第三段“Butthatdoesn’tprovethatheatdirectlycausedthoseheadaches.Therecouldbeotherenvironmentalandlifestylechangesthathappenduringthesummer—likeairquality,lightexposureoractivitylevels.(但這并不能證明熱量直接導(dǎo)致了這些頭痛。夏季可能會(huì)有其他環(huán)境和生活方式的變化——比如空氣質(zhì)量、光照或活動(dòng)水平。)”可知，夏季頭痛的原因可能是生活習(xí)慣的改變，而不是直接由熱引起的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Therecouldbeotherenvironmentalandlifestylechangesthathappenduringthesummer—likeairquality,lightexposureoractivitylevels.(夏季可能會(huì)有其他環(huán)境和生活方式的變化——比如空氣質(zhì)量、光照或活動(dòng)水平。)”和第三段中的“sincethesehavemoreresearchbehindthemandmaybeeasiertohandlethantheheatitself.(因?yàn)檫@些背后有更多的研究，而且可能比熱量本身更容易處理。)”可知，皮爾遜建議每個(gè)頭痛的人都要集中精力在這些可能的誘因上，由此可推測(cè)“honeinon”意為“集中于”。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“WarmermonthsalsoealongwithlongerdaysandgreaterUV(紫外線)exposure.Lightexposureandheadacheshaveaplicatedrelationship,though.Whilesomeresearchsuggeststhatbrightlightisn’taheadachetrigger,peoplewithmigraines(偏頭痛)areoftensensitivetobrightlightsduringanattack.Soitmightbethatablazingsummersuncanmakeexistingheadachesworse.(溫暖的月份也伴隨著更長(zhǎng)的白天和更大的紫外線暴露。然而，光照和頭痛有著復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。雖然一些研究表明強(qiáng)光不是頭痛的誘因，但偏頭痛患者在發(fā)作期間通常對(duì)強(qiáng)光敏感。因此，炎熱的夏日陽光可能會(huì)使現(xiàn)有的頭痛更加嚴(yán)重。)”可知，陽光照射會(huì)使偏頭痛患者的情況惡化。故選D項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Someresearchdoessuggestthatpeople’sratesofheadachesrisewhentemperaturesgoup.(一些研究確實(shí)表明，當(dāng)氣溫升高時(shí)，人們的頭痛率會(huì)上升。)”和第三段“Therecouldbeotherenvironmentalandlifestylechangesthathappenduringthesummer—likeairquality,lightexposureoractivitylevels.(夏季可能會(huì)發(fā)生其他環(huán)境和生活方式的變化，如空氣質(zhì)量、光照或活動(dòng)水平。)”和第五段“Soitmightbethatablazingsummersuncanmakeexistingheadachesworse.(因此，炎熱的夏日陽光可能會(huì)使現(xiàn)有的頭痛更加嚴(yán)重。)”可知，文章主要討論了夏季頭痛的可能原因，包括高溫、空氣質(zhì)量、紫外線暴露等。再結(jié)合文章最后一段“Ontopofallofthat,heatcandestroyaperson’ssleepschedule. “Good,restfulsleephappensmosteffectivelyinacolderenvironment,”Pearsonsaid.(最重要的是，高溫會(huì)破壞一個(gè)人的睡眠時(shí)間表。皮爾遜說：“良好、寧靜的睡眠在較冷的環(huán)境中最有效?！薄?”，文章指出了良好睡眠的條件。因此，作者接下來可能會(huì)討論如何在夏季采取有效的措施來改善睡眠，從而減輕或避免夏季頭痛。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題