高考英語語法考點提綱

1、高考英語語法考點提綱閔行三中 李峰1 冠詞; 數(shù)詞1） 泛指與特指 (fig.1)三步推理（如圖）2） 序數(shù)詞和比較級加冠詞never a better onea third one=another=the nextthe better one of the twoa most important matter3） 詞組辨異at tableat the tableout of questionout of the questiongo to the cinemago to a cinemaa second; a mostthe balance of nature; space; the uni

2、verse;the telephone (invention) the Chinese language4） 專有名詞: The Smiths; at Harolds; buy a China Daily; a chemist and mathematician; in the 1980s; in his fifties; The United States(America); the Spring Festival; (an art festival)5） a + 不可數(shù)名詞a good knowledge of English; a science 2 名詞；代詞；主謂一致1） 不定代詞(

3、復合代詞)：指代的單復數(shù): everyone; each; every one; much; most; none; neither; half; 后置修飾語: that定語從句; 形容詞后置； 介詞短語； 非謂語形式 可否接of短語: everyone-every one; noneno one; 幾組辨異詞：1） other; the other; another; others; the others2） none; neither; no one; nothing3） every; everyone; every one; each; anyone4） any; some; somet

4、hing; anything5） few; a few; little; a little 2） 反身代詞：詞組； enjoy; devote; accustom; make (done)oneself 反身動詞(seat; dress; station; locate; hide; devote; adapt; prepare; etc)； 自己的怎么說：ones own; a of ones own;3） 集合名詞： group; population; audience; team; family; majority; vocabulary; etc. the cattle; the p

5、eople; the police; clothes; (pl.)4） 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞: two pieces of paper; a pair of trousers(they; this pair); etc. two dollars; ten miles; 5） 就近/遠原則: neither nor; -as well as; together with6） else：something else; anyone else; who else; who elses3 形容詞；副詞1） 比較句型 asas, not soas, morethan,less often than, t

6、he more the less;more and more思考：You cant learn a foreign language overnight_ you can eat a meal in one mouthful. A. no more than B. any more than C. just as D. as if (解法：not=not; notyes) The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you will find English. A. learning B. to learn C. it to learn D. when

7、 you learn 2） 倍數(shù)表達twice as many (cars) astwice more thantwice the production ofdoubled the score of his opponent.Many things now cost double what they did a few years ago3） 比較級表最高more than any other country; more than the other countries, more than any of the other countries; No one can be more stri

8、ct than he.I have never seen a more magnificent scene than this. The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you will find it to learn English.4） 比較詞組 asas possible, as as one can, asas anything, as well as, andas well, so long as, so far as, as soon as, so far, so as to, as for, as a rule, as a resu

9、lt, as a matter of fact, as a whole, as to; more than, no more than, no less than, nothing less than, other than, no other than, rather than, no sooner than, no more, not any more, no longer, not any longer;4 動詞；時態(tài)和語態(tài)1） 系動詞：get; seem; appear; turn; fall; become; remain; stay; prove; turn out; etc.2）

10、 情態(tài)動詞用法: should; shall; may; can; dare; need; 3） have to; used to; etc. (否定；結構辨析)4） 各種時態(tài)的基本用法(時間狀語；語境語氣；句型；)5） 句型中的特定時態(tài)1 It is several years since I saw her last time.It was several years since I had saw him.2 This is the first time I have been here.That was the second time I had been there.3 Jimmy

11、had hardly go to the station when the bus left.4 It is high time that you did your homework.5 The manager will see you if he is free tomorrow.6 The man seems as if he had been there many timesI would have seen the film if I had had time yesterday.（虛擬語氣）7 He didnt see the result until he left.It was

12、not until then that he knew he had been cheated.8 It is necessary that we should learn hard so as to pass the examination.9 I didnt think you were coming today.10 It will be long before we take over the city. It was several years before construction of the building was started. 11 Go straight and yo

13、u will see a post across the street.12 In the past few years we have built seven highways.By the end of last year he had learned two thousand words.So far I have known he is a false friend.By the time you got there he will have left.6） 主動語態(tài)表被動: prove; blame; sell; turn out; require; result from; 5 非

14、謂語動詞(參考資料) 非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是難點，學生常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點，做起題來會很輕松。我們先來看看非謂語動詞的各種變化形式。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式后，做題時可分四步分析。一、分析句子結構1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told . B. ToldC. He was told D. Though he had been told3. _

15、to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned分析：句1. 用連詞but 引導并列句子，因此，前面也是個獨立句子成分，故選C。句2. 句中用逗號隔開，且無連詞引導，因此，前面不是句子結構，只是句子的一個成分，故選A，非謂語動詞作狀語。句3. 同句2，選A 。句4. 前面用if

16、 引導從句，故選C ，構成從句謂語。句5. 同句1，選C。二、分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。1. _no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being2. _Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .分析：句1. 表示“沒有公共汽車”，應用“t

17、here be”結構，即邏輯主語是“there”，故選A 。句2. 同理選D。三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See這兩個題選項中的非謂語動詞都沒有加自己的邏輯主語, 因此其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。分析：句1. “地球”被“看起來”，表被動，故選A，用過去分詞表被動。句2. 我們“主動看”即表主動，

18、故選B。3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed分析：句3. 前面應用非謂語動詞作句子的狀語，邏輯主語是“the dirty clothes”，和動詞搭配表示“衣服被洗”，故選B。句4. 邏輯主語為句子的主語“the girl”，表示“女孩洗衣服”，為主動關系，故選D。四、分析時態(tài)，在選定了主動或被動后，

19、還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built句1中 now 說明大樓正在被修，故用進行式，選C。句2中next year 說明大樓將在明年被修，故用表將來的不定式，選B。句3中 last year 說明大樓已被修，但不能選

20、，因為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能作定語，故用過去分詞，選D。又如：1. He stood there_for his mother .2. _for two hours , he went away . A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited句1表示“站在那等”，兩個動詞同時發(fā)生，故選A作伴隨狀語。句2表示已經(jīng)等了兩個小時，發(fā)生在謂語動詞“went away ”之前，故用完成式，選D 。需要注意的是，非謂語動詞的否定也是常考的項目，要認清否定形式，非謂語動詞的否定都應將not 放在前面。如：What is the reason for _th

21、ere ? A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go6 何種情況下出現(xiàn)動名詞/不定式? (介詞； 動詞；such as; 做主語，etc.)1) 只接 “動名詞”做賓語的詞：建議suggest冒險risk去獻身devote，忍受bear/stand期待look forward to不停頓keep。放棄give up延期put off/delay悔regret失去miss，堅持insist on/stick to/keep on欣賞enjoy/appreciate/feel like實踐practise

22、成finish。注意pay attention to原諒excuse避avoid反對object to，考慮consider要求demand/require/need不自禁cant help。顧及allow for習慣be accustomed to/be used to不介意mind，值得be worth開始set about想imagine動名。Admit, allow2) 只接“不定式”的動詞：seem, expect, hope, wish, want, decide, offer, manage, dare, agree, promise, pretend, refuse, lear

23、n, help, plan, intend; “不定式加連詞”show, teach, tell, advise, decide, discuss, find out, etc.Please show me how to get the result.We have not decided whether to go to his party.3）兩者皆可忘記停止打算試，害怕繼續(xù)悔偏愛，意欲愿意有困難。（此處單詞為聽寫內容， -注）Remember, , forget, regret; stop; go on; be afraid; prefer; mean; try; help(cant h

24、elp); feel like doing/ would like to do; have difficulty in doing/to do;4） require, demand, want, need, be worth主動形式被動意義）1. They _ her going to the party though it was not permitted. A. allowed B. expected C. persuaded D. permitted2. The window need _. A. To mend B. mended C. being mended D. mending

25、3. This machine is worth _. A. to buy B. buying C. to be bought D. being bought7 名詞從句思考He showed his companions _well-chosen presents he had bought for his GF. A. such B. so C. what D. how 2-that/whether（if） 不做成分3-who(ever)主、表；whomever賓=people/anyone/everyone (who) whose(ever) which(ever) what(ever)

26、 主、賓、表、定4-when(ever) where(ever) how(ever) why 狀-the time/place/reason (when/where/why)1 選擇連詞（結構辨析）(1)_ of them do you think will teach us Class three? A. who B. whom C. which D. what(2) He sold the house _ he thought was a good price. A. what B. at what C. at which D. at that(3)The students are all

27、 interested in _ Miss Brown managed to do it. A. which B. what C. seeing D. how2 辨別從句(定語/同位語/強調)(4) We know the truth_ there is water, there is life. A. that wherever B. that C. where D. anywhere(5)He regrets not having followed her proposal, _he _ for granted, that he _ with me some warm clothes. A

28、. that; takes; take B. which; take; take C. which; has taken; takes D. which; has taken; take (6)It was in 1920 _ the poet paid his first trip to America for a new challenge in his writing career _ he got to know Charlie Chaplin . A. that; when B. when; that C. in that year; that D. in which; when3

29、無論；任何(7) It remains unknown _ she killed herself with a gun. A. however B. how ever C. why D. whenever(8) _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter(9) Our monitor never fails to help _ has trouble. A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter wh

30、o D. those who4 是否；如果(同位語；介詞之后；or not; to do; 歧義； 句首；表語從句)(10) Does it make any difference _ or not you sign up for the contest? A. that B. if C. whether D. how5 誰；任何人who; whoever; one who; those who; (11) We shouldnt make fun of_ have trouble in learning English. A. anyone who B. whomever C. those

31、that D. who(12) I still wonder _ could get into the building through such a small hole in the wall. A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. that who6 陳述語序13）_ do you suppose _? A. what/that the woman is B. Who/ the woman is C. Whom/the woman is D. what/is the woman(14) Weve have to finish the job, _. A. lo

32、ng it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes7 介詞賓語(15) They always give the free tickets to _ comes first. A. whomever B. whoever C. that D. what(16) Give the money to _ you think is badly in need of. A. whomever B. any one who C. anyone D. whoever8

33、What活用(17) The ancient map was found in _ we call Hebei Province now. A. which B. what C. that D. where(18) This book will show you _ you have learned in one subject can be applied in other subjects.9 That 的用法（形式主/賓語）(19)We think it important _ college students should master at least one foreign lan

34、guage. A. which B. what C. that D. why(20) What made her mother so angry? _ the exam. A. because she didnt pass B. she not passing C. that she didnt pass D. because of her not passing8 定語從句1） 關系代詞that 和which指物，當先行詞為all, everything, nothing, little, anything等不定代詞時，或有序數(shù)詞、最高級、先行詞含有人和物、用who開頭的疑問句、先行詞前有t

35、he only, the very, the right, just the, 以及兩個定語從句（包含關系）為避免重復的情況下，等，則只用that。 先行詞是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代詞時 There is nothing ( that ) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. Thats all I want to say. 先行詞被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等詞修飾時 I ha

36、ve read all the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時 This is the first composition (that)he has written in English. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. 先行詞被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the same, the last修飾時 The white flower is the

37、only one ( that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. The last place( that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 當先行詞有兩個或兩個以上時,既有人又有物,定語從句用that 引導 (that既可指人也可指物) He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 2 下列情況不能使用that,

38、而用which that 不能引導非限制性定語從句 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. that不能置于介詞之后（介詞后指物用which,指人用whom） The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher. The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle. We should do everything that we can to help

39、 the disabled. A. everything B. whatever C. what D. all above2） 限制性定語從句不能用that, 其區(qū)分的意義在于：The tourist, who knew about the storm, stayed in the hotel. (all the tourist)The tourist who knew about the storm stayed in the hotel. (only some tourists)The weather forecast said there would be no rain, which

40、turned out to be not true.3） 含有介詞的關系詞，只能用which; 如果介詞不在關系詞前則不受限制。Do you know the person your brother writes to?4） Whose在從句中既可以指人也可以指物, 注意與which的轉換: 名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+which。They lived in a house, whose roof was broken.=They lived in a house, the roof of which was broken.5） 關系代詞Which/that還是關系副詞where/when？取決于

41、關系詞在從句中充當什么成分。This is the factory where we worked last year. (where=in the factory)6） 區(qū)分It is/wasthat強調句與帶有定語從句的復合句。方法是去掉it is 和that,剩余的仍然是一個完整的句子。It was at the theatre that Lincoln was murdered. It was the theatre where Lincoln was murdered.7） 有時候，標點符號也能影響句子結構。這是英語句子的聯(lián)結手段決定的。Yesterday I got a lette

42、r from Li, which said that he was getting along well with his studies.Yesterday I got a letter from Li. It said that he was getting along well with his studies.Yesterday I got a letter from Li, and it said that he was getting along well with his studies.8） 定冠詞能夠影響句子的結構。Mr Smith is one of the foreign

43、ers who are working in China.Mr Smith is the one of the foreigners who is working in China.Is this factory the one you visited last week?Is this the factory you visited last week？9） As 和which的用法：1）可以修飾整個句子；2）從句位置不同；3）有互換的可能。 Newton was a great scientist, is well known. A. whom B. as C. that D. which

44、 As is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun. The computer is more and more widely used in our life, which encourages us to study harder.As we have found in the last two years, this matter has something different from others.All we did has been proved, as it is.10） 含有介詞短語的動詞一般不能分開。The chil

45、dren whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.The two elements which water consists of are oxygen and hydrogen.比較：The apartment in which we had lived twenty years was pulled down finally.11） 關系代詞that在定與從句中做介詞賓語時，介詞不能位于其前。He is the teacher that I borrowed the dictionary from.He is the teach

46、er from whom I borrowed the dictionary.12） 定與從句與狀語從句、名詞從句的辨別。注意對從句性質的判斷，據(jù)此來選擇適當連詞。（1）what=all that； whatever=anything that ;You have got what you need, what else do you want?You have got everything (that) you need, what else do you want?You will surely failed whatever you do now.（2）whoever=anyone wh

47、o; Whoever breaks the rule will surely be punished.Anyone who breaks the rule will surely be punished.（3）why=the reason why；Could you tell me why you were late yesterday?Could you tell me the reason why you were late yesterday?（4）同位語從句：The fact that he spoke at the meeting astonished us.13） Reason;

48、doubt; time; place 做先行詞This is the reason that he gave us why he was so late.I have no doubt that he would like to go with us.There is still a doubt whether he could come to.This is the place we visited last month.14） Same; such與as/that1 as常出現(xiàn)在the sameas, suchas, soas, asas 等結構中 This is not such a b

49、ook as I expected. I live in the same building as he (lives in). Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. As many children as came here were my fathers pupils. the samethat和the sameas的區(qū)別I have bought the same watch as you have. 我買了一塊和你一樣的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一塊。） This is the same watch that I lost.

50、 這就是我丟的那塊手表。（這手表和我丟的手表是同一塊） 2 as引導非限制性定語從句，指代逗號前的整個句子（即先行詞），可置于句首或句末。 This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see. Mary was late for school, as often happened. As is known to all, the earth is round. as 指代一句話和which 指代一句話的用法區(qū)別 as 的這種用法通常出現(xiàn)在一些固定短語之中如： 1as has been said before 如上所述 2as may be ima

51、gined 正如可以想象出來的那樣 3as is well known 眾所周知 4as was expected 正如預料的那樣 5as has been already pointed out 正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣 6as we all can see 正如我們都會看到的那樣 which則不需要，例如： The man died last night, which is a lie. as 替代一句話即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。 1） That is the same tool as we used last time.和上次一樣的That is the same tool

52、 that we used last time.就是上次的那個 2） We are now in such a condition that there is no other choice for us.如此以至These trousers are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 正如那樣的This is such an instructive film _ everyone wants to see again. A. as B that C. which D. what1

53、5） The way做先行詞, 關系詞可以用in which; that; 或省略I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way which B. the way in that C. the way D. the way whereWe like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material.我們喜歡它們一如喜歡美麗的窗簾料子。9 狀語從句與連詞; 連接副詞1) Before; after: He sounded quite nervous and he had been talkin

54、g for a minute or so before I understood anything.Before I got in a word he had measured me.Time passed quickly and three months went by before he knew.2) when(whenever), as, while :I had been driving for at least an hour when I finally found his house.（前后）John sang as he entered the room.（同時）As Fra

55、nk went downstairs his eyes fell on a large envelope by the door.（瞬間）I kept silent while he was writing.（持續(xù)）While others were doing morning exercises on the sports-ground he was sleeping in the bedroom.（并列連詞：對比）The old man was pulling grass in his field when he felt a pain in his left hand.(=and then; but then; just then)3) till until (not until) The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence in 1821.I knew nothing about it until/till/before you told me.Not until she had heard the news was she really frightened.（倒裝）It was not until he was ten years old that he sta