初中定語從句講解練習(xí)及答案

1、最新資料推薦一、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語（動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語和分詞短語）或句子，漢語中常用的 表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞 ，分詞 ，副詞，不定式以及 介詞短語 也可以來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個句子來擔(dān)任。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如： 1) the man who lives next to usis a policeman.

2、2) you must do everything that i do.上面兩句中的man 和 everything 是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有 關(guān)系代詞 that, which, who(賓格 who, 所有格 whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用 ：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(1)the boys who are playing footballare from class one.1最新資料推薦(2)yesterd

3、ay i helped an old manwho lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷浴?1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語和非正式語體中常用who 代替，可省略。(3) the man who/whom you met just nowis my friend.3. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys.( which 在句子中做主語

4、 )(2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.( which 在句子中做賓語 )4. that 指人時，相當(dāng)于 who 或者 whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于 which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5) the people that/who come to visit the cityare all here. (在句子中做主語 )(6) where is the manthat/whom i saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語 )5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) he has

5、a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) i lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.2最新資料推薦whose 指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)the classroom whose door is brokenwill soon be repaired.=the classroom the door of which is brokenwill soon be repaired.(5)do you like the book whose color is yellow?=do you like the book t

6、he color of which is yellow?注： that 用法(1)不用 that 的情況(a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。(錯 )the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(b) 介詞后不能用。we depend on the land from which we get our food.we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2) 只能用 that 作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況(a) 在 there be 句型中，只用tha

7、t，不用 which 。(b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時，只用that，不用 which 。3最新資料推薦(c) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時，只用that。(d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that,不能用 which 。.(e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。(f) 先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(g) 為了避免重復(fù)(h) 先行詞是 the way 或 the reason 時， that 可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略(i)主句的主語是疑問詞who /wh

8、ich 時舉例：is this the book that you borrowed in the library?這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？who that break the window should be punished誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰all that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.4最新資料推薦那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語關(guān)系副

9、詞 =介詞 +關(guān)系代詞why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配 )when=during/ on/ in/ . which ( 介詞同先行詞搭配 )1. where 指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語用來表示地點的定語從句。(1) shanghai is the city where i was born.(2) the house where i lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.2. when 引導(dǎo)定語從句表示 時間 。在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用(1) i still remem

10、ber the day when i first came to the school.(2) the time when we got together finally came.注表示時間 “time一詞的定語從句只用when 引導(dǎo)，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that 引導(dǎo)。by the time you arrived in london, we had stayed there for two weeks.5最新資料推薦到你到達(dá)倫敦的時候，我們在那里已經(jīng)待了兩個星期。i still remember the first time i met her. 我仍然記得我第一次見到她。e

11、ach time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush。etc每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3. why 指原因 在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) i dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的

12、從句替換(1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.注： 1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that 前不能有介詞。3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點或原因狀語的介詞 +關(guān)系詞 結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和 why 互換。this is the house in which i liv

13、ed two years ago.6最新資料推薦this is the house where i lived two years ago.do you remember the day on which you joined our club?do you remember the day when you joined our club?this is the reason why he came late.this is the reason for which he came late.7最新資料推薦練習(xí) (一)請分析一下定語從句：( 請劃出定語從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)1. check t

14、he ways you study for an english test.2. another thing that i found very difficult was english grammar.3. you couldn t understand people who talked fast.4. i have some ideas that may help.5.they said something you didnt like.6. can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. he would always t

15、ake pride in everything good i do.9. my friends and i talked about the rules that we have in school.10. what are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. if you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.13. standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in s

16、ome countries.14. if you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.15. all i ever wanted to do was traveling.8最新資料推薦二、用關(guān)系代詞填空： that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose1. this is the man _ wants to see you.2. the student _ answered the question is zhang hua.3. the man _ you went to see has come.4. the

17、man _i met yesterday lent me some money.5. the woman _ you saw is our geography teacher.6. the runner _ you are asking about is over there.7. the person _ you should write to is mr. ball.8. the man _was passing by saw what happened.9. here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10. these boo

18、ks _ you lent me were very useful.11. the storybook _ i have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. a clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13. this is shirt _i bought yesterday.9最新資料推薦14. a dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. the book _ is on the table is mine.16. the fi

19、lm _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.i will never forget the people and the placesi have ever visited.18. is there anyone _ family is in beijing?19. show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20. the boy_ father is a teacher is good at english.三、單項選擇() 1.your teacher of chinese is

20、 a young lady_ comes from beijing.a. whob. whichc. whomd. whose() 2.what s the name of the program_.a. which are listeningb. you are listening toc. to that you are listeningd. that you are listening() 3.the students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.a. in whichb. in that thisc. all thatd

21、. in everything10最新資料推薦() 4. he was the only person in his office_ was invited.a. whomb. whosec. thatd. which() 5. this is the museum_ we visited last year.a. whereb. in whichc. whichd. in that() 6.charlie told his mother all_ had happened.a. thatb. whatc. whichd. who() 7.do you know the student_?a.

22、 whom i often talkb. with who i often talkc. i often talk withd. that i often talk() 8.i like the house_ windows face south.a. whoseb. whosc. itsd. its() 9.would you tell me where to get the dictionary _?a. what i need b.i needc. which i need itd. that i need it()10. the young woman_ i spoke just no

23、w is a young doctor.a. whob. to whomc. whomd. that11最新資料推薦12最新資料推薦13最新資料推薦練習(xí) (二)1.don t talk about such things of _ you are not sure.a. whichb. whatc. asd. those5.the wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldn t be found.a. thatb. wherec. in whichd. in that6.the freezing point is the temperature _

24、 water changes into ice.a. at whichb. on thatc. in whichd. of what7.this book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.a. how you have observedb. what you have observedc. that you have observedd. how that you have observed8.the reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.a. becauseb. whyc.

25、thatd. whether9.i ll tell you _ he told me last week.14最新資料推薦a. all whichb. thatc. all thatd. which10.that tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.a. whoseb. of whichc. in whichd. on which11.i have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.a. asb. thatc. whichd. what12.he failed in the examinatio

26、n, _ made his father very angry.a. whichb. itc. thatd. what13.we re talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.a. whichb. whomc. whod. that14.the girl _ an english song in the next room is tom s sister.a. who is singingb. is singingc. sangd. was singing15.th

27、ose _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.a. learnb. whoc. that learnsd. who learn16.anyone _ this opinion may speak out.a. that againstb. thatagainstc. who is against d. who are against15最新資料推薦17.didn t you see the man _?a. i nodded just nowb. whom i nodded just nowc. i nodde

28、d to him just nowd. i nodded to just now18.can you lend me the novel _ the other day?a. that you talkedb. you talked about itc. which you talked withd. you talked about19.is there anything _ to you?a. that is belongedb. that belongsc. that belong d. which belongs20.- “how do you like the book?”- “it

29、 s quite different from _ i read last month.”a. thatb. whichc. the oned. the one what21.mr. zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them.a. the onesb. ones c. some d. the others22.the train _ she was travelling was late.a. whichb. wherec. on whichd. in that16最新資料推薦23.he has lost the key to the drawer _ th