交替?zhèn)髯g上課用材料.doc

實(shí)踐證明，數(shù)字的英、漢互譯雖然有一定的難度，但是只要我們針對(duì)難點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練就能熟能生巧。 數(shù)字的紀(jì)錄方法迅速、準(zhǔn)確地記錄聽(tīng)到的數(shù)字是做好數(shù)字口譯的第一步。以下將用實(shí)例介紹幾種常用的記錄方法。當(dāng)聽(tīng)到英語(yǔ)“one hundred twenty-three million, four hundred and fifty-six thousand ”時(shí)，我們可以用下面的方法記錄： 123m456t用英文字母“t”, “m”, “b”和 “tr”分別表示 “thousand”, “million”和 “trillion”等段位。 123，456或123，456/ 或123，456或123，456K用逗號(hào)“，”，斜杠“/”，“”或用字母“K”表示“000”。 1億2345萬(wàn)6千(轉(zhuǎn)換成目的語(yǔ)記錄)如果聽(tīng)到漢語(yǔ)“1億2千3百45萬(wàn)6千”時(shí)，我們可以用下面的方法記錄：（1）1.23456億（用小數(shù)點(diǎn)表示）（2）1億2345萬(wàn)6千（用原語(yǔ)記錄）（3）123m456t(用目的語(yǔ)記錄) 掌握記錄方法 筆記關(guān)鍵在于采用自己熟悉的某種方式將轉(zhuǎn)折數(shù)字記錄下來(lái)，比如用” t表示thousand， “m表示million，b表示billion, tr表示trillion,或用“”表示“000”等等(3,000,000可記錄成“3 ”或者“3，”) .原則就是要方便并且不容易混淆 除了記下數(shù)字本身以外，更重要的是確保記住與數(shù)字有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，即 “What is the number about?”。否則這個(gè)數(shù)字就沒(méi)有任何意義了。 聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中注意一些提示詞匯.比如amount to, reach, equal to, increase by或者如volume, number, record等詞, 這表明后面將有詞匯出現(xiàn). 相關(guān)表達(dá)如下 : Expressions: 達(dá)到 reach, total, number, peak at, bein total占%: account for, take up; constitute; make up I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldnt want to take up too much of your time. 我知道您肯定特別忙，我當(dāng)然不想占用您太多的時(shí)間 A good deal of my time is taken up with reading critical essays and reviews. 我的大部分時(shí)間都用在閱讀評(píng)論文章上了。North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country. 北非人構(gòu)成了該國(guó)最大的、也是最貧困的移民群。Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force. 女警占警力的13%。上升：rise, increase, climb, jump, skyrocket, augment, up下降: fall, drop, decline, decrease, precipitate, down It would only serve to precipitate his ruin. 它只會(huì)加速他的毀滅。augment增加；增大；加強(qiáng)；提高 To augment something means to make it larger, stronger, or more effective by adding something to it. FORMAL While searching for a way to augment the family income, she began making dolls. 為了想法子增加家庭收入，她開(kāi)始制作洋娃娃。穩(wěn)定/波動(dòng): level out/off, remain stable, fluctuate, stand/stay at, to reach a peak The rise in the unemployment figure should level out soon. 上升的失業(yè)數(shù)字會(huì)很快穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。The tax system is extended to level out the big differences between the rich and the poor. 這個(gè)稅法旨在消除貧富間的差距。Were asking customers to give us orders year-round to level out revenues. 我們要求客戶為我們提供（全年）訂單，以使我們的收入更均衡。The rise in the unemployment figures should level out soon. 失業(yè)數(shù)字上升這一現(xiàn)象不久應(yīng)當(dāng)穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。The figures show evidence that murders in the nations capital are beginning to level off. 數(shù)據(jù)表明，該國(guó)首都謀殺案件的數(shù)量開(kāi)始保持在穩(wěn)定的水平。. Prices have begun to level off. 物價(jià)開(kāi)始穩(wěn)定了。Expressions II -Interpreting Indefinite Numbers (不確定數(shù)字)1. Interpreting Approximate Numbers (大約)CH: 約、大約、大概、來(lái)、左右ENG: about, around, roughly, approximately, some, more or less, in the neighborhood of, or so, or thereabout, in the rough2. Interpreting Numbers Smaller than Round Numbers (少于)CH: 少于、低于、不到、不及、不足、以下ENG: fewer than, less than, under, below, within3. Interpreting Numbers with the Meaning of “Nearly” (將近)CH: 近、快、將近、幾乎、差不多、差一點(diǎn)兒、差一點(diǎn)兒不到ENG: nearly, almost, toward, close on4. Interpreting Indefinite Numbers Which Mean “More Than”(多于)CH: 多于、大于、高于、超過(guò)、多、以上ENG: more than, over, above, upwards of, and more, odd, and odd5. Interpreting Numbers Which Are Between Particular Numbers (介于)CH: 到、至、介于之間ENG: from to , (anywhere) between and 模糊數(shù)字的口譯 幾個(gè)some; a few; several; a number of 十幾個(gè)more than ten; over a dozen; less/no more than twenty 幾十個(gè)dozens of 幾十年decades 十幾歲in ones teens 四十出頭a little/a bit over forty 五十歲左右more or less fifty (years old); about fifty 近八十歲了nearly/almost eighty (years old) 九十好幾了well over ninety (years old) 三天左右three days or so 大約150米處somewhere about 150 meters 好幾百hundreds of 成千上萬(wàn)，千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)thousands of 幾十萬(wàn)hundreds of thousands of 幾百萬(wàn)millions of 億萬(wàn)hundreds of millions of 3. Supplementary Exercises McDonalds founders Dick and Mac McDonald started with their little drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California in the late 1940s. But McDonalds today serves 38 million customers each day, of whom 20 million are in the U. S. A. Its about 23,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries around the world. Its one of the worlds great entrepreneurial organizations, with most restaurants worldwide run by a franchisee or affiliate partner of the company. Its one of the two most recognized and powerful brands in the world, the other being coca-cola, the only soft drink supplier to McDonalds today. Its a growing company, adding more than 2,000 new restaurants to their system each year. This means a new McDonalds will open somewhere in the world every five hours of every day. It generates sales of more than $31 billion a year and earns net income of more than $1.5 billion annually. McDonalds opened its first restaurant in Beijing on April 23, 1992. Its the joint venture partnership between McDonalds and the General Corporation of Beijing Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce. It took five years to establish the network of local farmers, manufacturers, and other suppliers to support the restaurant.Related words and Expressionsdrive-in restaurant 免下車餐館 (顧客可坐在自己的車上進(jìn)餐)entrepreneurial organizations 企業(yè)團(tuán)體a franchisee or a