動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 課件

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),英語動(dòng)詞共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，最基本常用的有：,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 將來：,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，（過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）,一般將來時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，（將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：,1. 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在 的狀態(tài)、特征、能力、客觀存在或真 理。句中常用always, often, usually, sometimes, every day 等時(shí)間狀語,Tom goes to work every day.（經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作）The machine runs smoothly. (特征)He is ver

2、y happy. (現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))The earth moves around the sun. (客觀真理),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法：,1. 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作。,Ill go to see you when I have time.Ill go to see you if I have time tomorrow.,2. 某些動(dòng)詞，如：stand, continue, wish, love, like, hate, feel, find, think等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),He loves nature.I wish to be back soon.,現(xiàn)在完成

3、時(shí)態(tài)：,2. 表示過去某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,謂 語動(dòng)詞常為非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。,1. 表示從過去某一時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。,I have sat hours in the classroom reading a novel.The weather has been cold so far this winter.,Have you ever considered moving to the south?I have locked the door.,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：,1. 表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。,Are the students dancing? Look,

4、some swans are flying past!,2. 表示目前這段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。,He is writing his new novel these days. Those Americans are learning Chinese in Beijing.,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：have / has been doing,1. 表示發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的 動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)不停頓。,Tom has been working hard since the new term began.Where have you been living these years?,2. 表示不

5、久前剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。,Sorry, Im late. How long have you been waiting here?,補(bǔ)充說明：下列動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：,1. 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞： seem, look(看起 來),appear, have(有)，belong to， own, hold(容納),This book belongs to me.He appears very angry.,2. 表示知道、信念、理解、知識(shí)、推測(cè)、 懷疑、希望等含義的動(dòng)詞，如：know, forget, remember, understand, see，think，believe, hope, doubt 等

6、,I dont understand why he did it.I hope I can pass the exam.,一般過去時(shí)態(tài)：,1. 表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài) 或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與表示過去 的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last week ,during the night,He suddenly fell ill yesterday.He worked in a factory in 2004.,2. 表示過去經(jīng)常做的動(dòng)作,When I was in the countryside, I often had a long walk after suppe

7、r.,過去完成時(shí)態(tài)：,I had studied in Beijing for three years by then.Until then he had known nothing about it.She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in.,在時(shí)間含義上是“過去的過去”，因此句子中一般都有一個(gè)一個(gè)明確的狀語或狀與從句來表示過去的時(shí)間。,幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)：,1,He keeps doing morning exercise to keep fit.He felt cold so he sat

8、 closer to the fire.,2,一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：,He opened the door.He has opened the door.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和過去完成時(shí)態(tài)：,3,He has lived here since he came here.,He had lived here before he went abroad.,一般將來時(shí)(will, shall),1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常 與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如 tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday,We will have a dicta

9、tion tomorrow.He will be back in a few days.,2. 表示一種傾向或一種固有特性或經(jīng)常發(fā) 生的動(dòng)作。 意為“慣于，總是”,When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.,Will you / Shall we ( I ) do sth. 請(qǐng)你/ 讓我們做某事，好嗎？ Will you please open the door? Shall we go now?,一般將來時(shí)的其它形式：,2. be to + 動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生 的事，或征求對(duì)方意見,We are to take the e

10、xam next week.Are we to go on with this work?,1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形：多用于口語 中，表示即將發(fā)生的事或近期最近打算 進(jìn)行的事,Its going to snow.The children are going to have a party today.,3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng) 作，多于表示以東的動(dòng)詞（come, go, arrive, leave ）連用,He is leaving for London tomorrow.Christmas is drawing near.,動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)：,主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作

11、的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,各種時(shí)態(tài)中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)：一般將來時(shí)態(tài)：進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：完成時(shí)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,am /is/are + 過去分詞,was / were + 過去分詞,will/shall be +過去分詞,be being + 過去分詞,have/has/had been + 過去分詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 過去分詞,We are told that there will be a meeting this afternoon.I was invited to concert.The matter will be looked i

12、nto as soon as possible.The house is being repaired.The new bridge has been built.These books must be returned in three days.,下列情況下常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：,Printing was introduced into Europe from China.,沒有必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：,I was not born in this city.,要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)：,The window was broken by the boy who lives next

13、 door.,當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)：,We were shocked by the news of his death.,使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的重點(diǎn)：,1. 只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài),He was surprised by the news. He was come.,2. 除了含雙賓語的動(dòng)詞外，一般動(dòng)詞 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)行時(shí)不帶賓語。,They will be given more time to finish the work.The novel was written by Dickens.,練 習(xí),用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1. She _ (leave) the office two h

14、ours ago.2. As son as she arrived home, the girl discovered that she _ (take) her friends book by mistake.3. Who _ (come) to school earliest in your class every morning?4. Great changes _ (take place) in this city since 1979.5. By the time he was twelve, Edison _ (begin) to sell newspapers.,left,had

15、 taken,comes,have taken place,had begun,6. He usually listens to the radio, but now he _ (watch) TV.7. By the end of this century, we _ _ (build) our country into a strong modern one.8. The man _ (hope) to catch the last train, but he was too late.9. The boys _ (play) basketball from 5:00 to 6:00 ye

16、sterday.10. - Have you seen that wonderful film? - No, I _ (see) it next Monday.,will see,were playing,had hoped,had,built,is watching,11. As she _ (read) the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.12. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ _ (stare) into space then.13. Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year,

17、 but I dont know whether she has finished it.14. Visitors _ (ask) not to touch the things on the shelf.15. The problems _ (discuss) now.,was reading,was,staring,was writing,are asked,are being discussed,2. 完成下列句子：,1. By the end of last year, _ _ (她在這間小屋里住了10年)。2. We _ (在看電視)at eight yesterday evening.3. - How often did he go there? - He usually _ (一星期去那里兩次).4. I _(弄丟了我的鋼筆), I have to use a pencil.,she had been,living in this house for 10 years,were watching TV,went there twice a week,have lost my pen,5. Mr. Smith _ (2：00就來