跨文化商務交際

1、.課本第三頁 1-Needs and Purposes for Communication (1) survival (6) power (2) cooperation (7)social needs (3)personal needs (8) information (4) relationships (9) making sense of world (5) persuasion 勸說 (10) self-expression用P4P6 Survival、Co-operation、Personal needs. Relationships.persuasion回答，不要求全部都寫出來，但是

2、至少要答四到五個，理解讀懂還要有對這個詞的解釋P6掌握交際的概念（Definition） Communication refers to the act and process of sending and receiving messages among people. Eg: buy computer via Internet Communicationsomeone perceives behavior or its residue and attributes meaning to it. Communication has taken place regardless of whet

3、her that behavior is conscious or unconscious. Intentional or unintentional. P10（很重要） 交際的過程（the process） 1. the components of communication Message Sender Receiver Channel Noise Feedback Encoding/Decoding 2. Models of communication (1) the linear model (2) the circular model (3) the contextualized m

4、odelP14 交際的特征（Characteristics）里的黑體標題要看懂 1. communication is dynamic 動態(tài) 2. communication is irreversible不可撤銷 3. communication is symbolic符號性 4. communication is systemic 系統(tǒng)性 5. communication is self-reflective自我反映性 6.communication is interactive 交互性 7. communication is complex 復雜性P22里的最后一段中影響跨文化交際的主要

5、三個因素Language barriers，different values，different cultural patterns of behaviorICC與ICBC的概念1. intercultural communication (ICC) -interpersonal communication between members of different cultures. 2. intercultural business communication (ICBC) -communication within and between businesses that involve p

6、eople from more than one cultureP31課后練習中的Discussion Questions的前三個問題P41 關于文化的概念 在這頁的第五段 Culture is the total accumulation（積累） of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions（習俗） and communication patterns（樣式） that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable gro

7、up of people. P42 文化的特點 還要解釋四個到五個 1. culture is not innate; it is learned (e.g. sneezing) 2. culture is transmitted from generation to generation 3. culture is selective 4. the facets of culture are interrelated (e.g. womens movement) 5. culture is ethnocentric 6. culture is subject to changeP46價值觀的

8、概念（definition of value） Ones principles or standards, ones judgment of what is valuable or important in life A broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others. (Hofstede P46) A conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirabl

9、e which influences the selection from available modes, means, and ends of action. P45（重點）values from the core of culture 1.values form the core of culture 2. values are the deepest manifestations of culture and most difficult to understand by an outsider. (symbols-heroes-rituals-values, by Hofstede)

10、P48 價值觀的分類 1.universal values (e.g., happy life) 2.cultural-specific values (e.g. modesty for Chinese culture) 3. peculiar expression or deviations of individuals within cultures (subjective culture)P49 價值觀是怎樣形成的？how to get ones value？ 1. from ones family 2.from school education teachers 3. from one

11、s peers 4. from society at largeP59（很重要） hofstede-Bonds Value Dimensions Individualism vs. Collectivism (P.61) Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Masculinity vs. Femininity 回答這個題目時要說這個理論是誰寫的，叫什么名字，理論是什么（從P60-64四個角度回答）還要解釋，還要給例子，比如P62的圖表。這樣才能得高分P80課后練習第一大題的前三個問題P222 商務禮儀的重要性 從這頁的第二段前四句回答 1. to incr

12、ease the quality of life in the workplace 2. to contribute to optimum employee moral 3.to establish the company image 4.to play a major role in generating profitP223Defining Business Etiquette and Protocol（禮儀指的是什么。禮節(jié)指怎樣做）具體分析 Etiquette refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social a

13、nd business situations. Protocol: customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic etiquette and courtesies expected in official dealing with persons in various cultures.Chaney and Martin(2002)Difference between etiquette and protocol Protocol is what to do in a given situation. Etiquette is how to do it and how to do it gracefully.P225（很重要）Cultural differences in business etiquette and protocol 文化在這兩者中的不一樣 ？會解釋，舉例子說明 1. initial business relationship 2. Social entertainment 3. Gift giving