初三英語上冊(cè)u(píng)nit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)

1、Unit 1 How do you study for a test ?（一）學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)（Language Goal） 1. Talk about how to study . 學(xué)會(huì)討論各種學(xué)習(xí)方法和策略。 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。（二）語言結(jié)構(gòu)（Language Structures） 1. Verb + by with gerund by動(dòng)名詞短語 表示“通過途徑，方法” 2. How questions have引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句（三）目標(biāo)語言（Target Language） 1. How do you

2、 study for tests ? 你是怎樣準(zhǔn)備考試的？ Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦，我和同學(xué)們一起學(xué)習(xí)。 2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾經(jīng)參加過學(xué)習(xí)小組嗎？ Yes , I have . Ive learned a lot that way . 是的，參加過。通過這種方式我學(xué)了許多。 3. I dont have a partner to practice English with . 我沒有同伴可以練習(xí)英語。 Maybe you should join an Engl

3、ish club. 或許，你應(yīng)該參加一個(gè)英語俱樂部。 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ? 大聲朗讀來練習(xí)發(fā)音怎么樣？ Why dont you join an English language club ? 你為什么不參加一個(gè)英語俱樂部呢？（四）Key words and phrases （重點(diǎn)詞匯） 1. flashcard n. 抽認(rèn)卡 2. frustrating a. 令人沮喪的 3. memorize v. 記憶，背誦 4. aloud adv. 出聲地、高聲地 5. comma n. 逗號(hào) 6. pronu

4、nciation n. 發(fā)音 7. solution n. 解決辦法 8. not at all 根本（不） 全然（不） 9. end up 結(jié)束，告終 10. make mistakes 犯錯(cuò) 11. later on 以后；隨后 12. be afraid to 害怕去做 13. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人） 14. take notes 做筆記，做記錄 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做樂意做 16. native speaker 說本族語的人 17. make up 組成、構(gòu)成（四）重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：（Key points and difficulties）

5、1. by 介詞，表示“通過方法或途徑”的意思，譯成“靠、通過” by后面可以加名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語 eg. （1）The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火燒毀了。 （2）travel by air （land , sea）航空（陸路、航海）旅行。 （3）go by train （boat , bus）乘火車（船，公共汽車）去 （4）shake sb by the hand 和某人握手 （5）I study English by watching English movies. 我通過看英文電影學(xué)英語。 另外，by做為介詞的含義有很多，我們也已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過一些用法，總

6、結(jié)如下 （1）在旁邊、靠近 eg. There is a power station by the river. 河邊有一個(gè)電廠。 （2）沿著、經(jīng)由eg. come by the highway 由公路來 （3）由于 eg. by mistake 由于差錯(cuò) （4）被、由 eg. some articles written by Luxun. 一些由魯迅寫的文章 （5）（表示面積）eg. a room 5m,by4m 一間長(zhǎng)五米寬四米的房間 （6）逐批 eg. One by one 一個(gè)接一個(gè) （7）表示方法、途徑 如上 2. “How”questions How 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，有兩種含義 （

7、1）表示問候 eg. How do you do ? How are you ? Hows everything going ? （2）表示“怎樣” eg. How is your new house ? 你的新房子怎么樣？ Its great. 它太棒了。 How do you learn English ? 你是怎樣學(xué)英文的？ I learn English by reading lots of English magazines. 我通過讀大量英文雜志學(xué)習(xí)英文。 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們注意how和what引導(dǎo)的疑問句是不一樣的，不能混淆。 how通常對(duì)程度或方式進(jìn)行提問，意為“怎么樣”，回答通常做狀語

8、或表語，what 常對(duì)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或接受者進(jìn)行提問，意為“什么”，回答通常主語或賓語。 試比較： （1）How is your summer holiday ? It is perfect. （表程度，表語） （2）How did you travel around the world ? I travelled by bike. （表方式，狀語） （3）What do you learn at school ? I learn Chinese , English , Maths and other subjects. （學(xué)習(xí)的科目，做賓語） 3. 在這一單元中出現(xiàn)的話題是“討論如何學(xué)習(xí)”。這

9、個(gè)話題既有趣又實(shí)用，既能鍛煉我們的口語表達(dá)能力，又能使我們學(xué)到一些實(shí)用的方法，對(duì)自身的學(xué)習(xí)大有幫助。如何向別人請(qǐng)教學(xué)習(xí)方法呢？又如何回答呢？ 請(qǐng)誦讀下面的目標(biāo)句型： How do you study English ? （運(yùn)用特殊疑問句） I study by listening to cassetts. （聽錄音帶） I study by studying with a group. （和小組一起學(xué)習(xí)） by watching English programs on TV. （看英語電視節(jié)目） by enjoying English songs. （聽英文歌） by taking part

10、in English classes after school . （上課外英語班） by getting an English tutor. （請(qǐng)英語家教） by reading English magazines and newspaper . （讀英文雜志、報(bào)紙） by surfing the internet. （網(wǎng)上沖浪） by making flashcards. （制作單詞認(rèn)讀卡片） by reading the textbook. （讀教科書） by asking the teacher for help. （請(qǐng)教老師） by making vocabulary lists.

11、（列單詞表） by taking notes carefully . （認(rèn)真記筆記） by having the English class carefully . （認(rèn)真上課） by finishing my homework seriously . （認(rèn)真完成作業(yè)） Do you learn English by ? （用一般疑問句） Yes , I do . / No , I dont. Have you ever studied with a group ? （用完成時(shí)態(tài)） Yes , I have . Ive learned a lot that way. What about li

12、stening to cassettes ? 用what about 動(dòng)名詞 提問 I do that sometimes. I think it helps. 4. 學(xué)會(huì)評(píng)價(jià)各種學(xué)習(xí)方法的優(yōu)劣（Comment on the ways of learning English） 看到了上面各種各樣的學(xué)習(xí)方法，有些眼花繚亂。其實(shí)，并不是所有的方法都適合自己。我們要學(xué)會(huì)判斷、評(píng)價(jià)，然后才能選擇最適合自己的 用哪些語言才能表達(dá)自己的評(píng)價(jià)呢？請(qǐng)看下面的目標(biāo)句型：I think studying English by isbecause 如：I think studying English by work

13、ing with a group is a good way because you can ask others when you have questions. I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and always waste your time. 這個(gè)句型較長(zhǎng)是個(gè)復(fù)合句，出現(xiàn)了由because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。進(jìn)入初三后，我們?cè)趯懽鞅磉_(dá)時(shí)，要避免再使用僅僅由because 引導(dǎo)的句子，而要寫完整的句子。 如：不能寫B(tài)ecause I slept late . 意思

14、不完整，不清晰 要寫成I missed the early bus because I slept late . 這樣，有原因，有結(jié)果，才是完整的句子。 5. 找出自己在英語學(xué)習(xí)中的困難 （Find out your own difficulties in learning English） 要選擇適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法，還必須清楚自己的困難所在，然后才能有的放矢。 learning English can be difficult . What things are difficult for you ? 我們?nèi)绾蝸肀磉_(dá)自己學(xué)習(xí)與遇到的困難呢？如何給出建議呢？ 請(qǐng)誦讀下面的目標(biāo)句型：說出困難：

15、I have a problem . I cant remember the new words. I cant pronounce some of the words. I cant understand spoken English . I always make mistakes in grammer. I read very slowly. I dont know how to speak English well. 給出建議： You should read English aloud. Listening can help. Why dont you join an English

16、 language club to practice speaking. Would you mind remembering new words by flashcards. Please try to talk with your friends in English as much as possible. （請(qǐng)注意不同句式的運(yùn)用） 6. 選擇適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法（Choose your suitable learning ways） 通過以上各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)，我們終于可以完成最后的目標(biāo)選擇適合自己的方法。 如何表達(dá)呢？目標(biāo)句型如下：（注意要給出原因，練習(xí)使用because）I (dont)

17、 think I can study English by , because （1）I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too. （2）I dont think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home. 找到適合自己的方法，寫出至少五句。（六）3a in Section A 疑難解釋 1. eg. He asked his mother to buy him a new bi

18、cycle. 他請(qǐng)求他母親給他買一輛新自行車。 2. Many said they learnt by using English . 許多（學(xué)生）說他們通過使用英語來學(xué)習(xí)。 Many在這里是代詞，而不是形容詞，意為Many students. Many is a large number of something. 例如：We can put away many of these plates . We dont need this many. 我們可以把許多盤子收起來，用不著這么多。 3. eg. I felt frustrated at that time. 那時(shí)，我覺得很沮喪。 類似的

19、還有 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中注意收集 4. not at all 根本不，全然不 eg. My brother did not like the scarf at all. not經(jīng)?？梢院椭鷦?dòng)詞結(jié)合在一起，at all 則放在句尾 5. get excited 變得興奮起來 get是系動(dòng)詞，有“逐漸變得”的含義 get + adj eg. get mad 生氣 get clear變得清楚了 The long journey got the children all tired. 長(zhǎng)途旅行使得孩子們疲憊不堪。 6. end up doing sth 終止做某事，結(jié)束做某事 后面加動(dòng)名詞短語 相當(dāng)于f

20、inish doing sth . 但要注意與stop doing sth 的區(qū)別 eg. We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door. 另外，end up with 以結(jié)束 The party ended up with her singing. 晚會(huì)以她的歌唱而告終。 7. 在3a中，出現(xiàn)了大量的動(dòng)名詞。我們有必要了解動(dòng)名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法，動(dòng)名詞即動(dòng)詞的ing形式，相當(dāng)于名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。 eg. （1）I think that doing lots of listening practic

21、e is one of the secrets of learning. doing 為動(dòng)名詞短語，做從句中的主語，而listening 做定語，修飾practice. （2）Im enjoying learning English . （動(dòng)名詞短語做賓語） （3）Seeing is believing 眼見為實(shí)（Seeing 做主語，believing 做表語）（七）3a in Section B 疑難解析 1. First of all , it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher. 首先，對(duì)我而言，聽懂老師的話并不容易。 first o

22、f all 首先 It is (was) for sb to do sth . 在這個(gè)句型中，不定式做真正的主語，it是形式主語。 2. 一些詞組 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 take notes 記筆記 enjoy doing sth 樂意做某事 be impressed 深受感動(dòng)的 3. 在這篇文章中，出現(xiàn)了許多表示順序或承接的連詞或詞組。這些詞使全文流暢、生動(dòng)、層次清晰，條理清楚。在寫作中，正確使用連接詞，會(huì)使文章增色不少，提高檔次。在文章中，出現(xiàn)的詞有： first of all 首先 to begin with 一開始 later on 后來、隨 also 也、而且（用于肯定句

23、） either 也（用于否定句） so 因此 then然后同步達(dá)綱練習(xí)I. 翻譯下列單詞或詞組 1. 令人沮喪的_2. 背誦、記憶_ 3. 出聲地、高聲地_4. 發(fā)音（v.）_ 5. 解決方法_6. 根本不_ 7. 結(jié)束做某事_8. 犯錯(cuò)_ 9. 害怕做某事_10. 說本族語的人_ 11. 笑話某人_12. 做筆記_ 13. 喜歡、樂意做某事_ 14. 組成、構(gòu)成_II. 連詞成句 1. study , How , you , do , for , test a _ ? 2. by study listening to , I , cassettes _. 3. you , do , by

24、, learn , reading , English , aloud _? 4. should , find , you , pen pal a _. 5. cant , a lot of , I , new , words , memorize _III. 將下列方法及理由搭配起來，組成相應(yīng)的句子 Ways 1. by memorizing the words of pop songs 2. by reading English magazines 3. by using English 4. by studying grammar 5. by watching English movie

25、s 6. by joining the English club at school 7. by having conversations with friends Reasons : A. because we can practice more and study English well. B. because the native speakers speak too quickly . C. because it is a great way to learn sentence structures. D. because we can get lots of practice an

26、d also have fun . E. because it is the best way to learn new words F. because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese G. because it can help us learn new words Model : （1）I think I can study English by listening to English because I love music . （2）I dont think I can study

27、 English by getting an English tutor because I will spend too much money . 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _IV. 寫作：談一談自己學(xué)習(xí)的情況，包括你遇到的困難，你的解決方法以及未來的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。50字左右My English learning（A） People living in different countries made different kinds of words . Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in

28、the world . Each contains many thousands of words . A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words . But we do not need all these . To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words . Before you leave school , you will learn only one thousand

29、or more . The words you know are called your vocabulary . You should try to make your vocabulary bigger . Read as many books as you can . There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read . You will enjoy them . When you meet a new word , find it in your dictionary . Your dictionary i

30、s your most useful book . Training Base （閱讀理解練習(xí)） 根據(jù)短文選擇最佳答案： 1. The number of different languages spoken is about _. A. 150B. 15,000 C. 500D. 1,500 2. Before you leave your school , youll learn _. A. only two thousand words B. five hundred thousand words C. more than one thousand words D. three or f

31、our thousand words 3. To make your vocabulary bigger , you must _. A. get as many dictionaries as you can B. read as many books as you can C. buy a lot of books D. have a very large English dictionary 4. You will enjoy _. A. the books written in easy English B. your dictionary C. your new words D. f

32、inding new words in a dictionary 根據(jù)短文翻譯下列句子： 5. A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words. _ 6. There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read. _（B）限時(shí)閱讀 Small children often laugh at the short ones or at someone who isnt dressed as well as

33、 they are . But as they grow up , they learn not to hurt peoples feelings by laughing at their problems . They learn to laugh at other things . Most important they learn to laugh at themselves. Suppose （假設(shè)）youre playing a game . You make a mistake and lose . Do you become angry ? Or can you laugh at

34、 yourself and hope to do better next time ? Suppose you are at a special dinner . You at times spill （濺）some food . Why keep worrying about how clumsy （笨拙）you looked ? Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself any way ? If you can , its a good sign youve really grown up . Answer the questions（ ）1. Thi

35、s article is mostly about _. A. why laughter is good for your body B. what you should laugh at C. where you may laugh D. who you may laugh（ ）2. The writer says small children laugh at people who _. A. have problemsB. not to be worried C. dress wellD. play games（ ）3. Next the writer shows how laughte

36、r could help you _. A. not to spill foodB. not to be worried C. not to enjoy yourselfD. to grow up（ ）4. The most important thing is to learn how to laugh at _. A. jokesB. pictures C. childrenD. yourself（ ）5. The writer shows how laughter could help you not to _. A. make a mistakeB. lose game C. become angryD. try again參考答案:I. 1. frustrating2. memorize3. aloud 4. pronounce5. solution6. not at all 7. end up doing