胞生物學(xué)期中考試試題及答案

1、 細(xì)胞生物學(xué)期末試卷2一、填空題(每空0.5分，共10分)1. 定位于線粒體基質(zhì)和內(nèi)膜的蛋白都是由導(dǎo)肽引導(dǎo)的，但是參與運(yùn)輸?shù)膶?dǎo)肽的數(shù)量是不同的，前者需要 ，后者需要 。2. 在動物細(xì)胞的運(yùn)動中，關(guān)于運(yùn)動力的產(chǎn)生有兩種假說，一種是: ，另一種是 。3. The flow of electrons across the inner membrane generates a pH gradient and a membrane potential, which together exert a force.4. 2001年諾貝爾生理學(xué)與醫(yī)學(xué)獎授予了美國科學(xué)家利蘭哈特韋爾和英國科學(xué)家蒂莫西亨特、保羅納

2、西，以表彰他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了細(xì)胞周期的關(guān)鍵調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制。其中，利蘭哈特韋爾發(fā)現(xiàn)了 ；保羅納西的貢獻(xiàn)是， ;蒂莫西亨特的貢獻(xiàn)是: .5. 把有絲分裂期間出現(xiàn)的紡錘體、中心體、星體及染色體統(tǒng)稱為有絲分裂器。6. 當(dāng)核基因編碼的線粒體蛋白進(jìn)入線粒體時, 需要 和 提供能量來推動。7. 類胡蘿卜素在光合作用中主要是幫助葉綠素提高光吸收效應(yīng)，作用機(jī)理是 。8. 包被小泡介導(dǎo)的是選擇性分泌，而 包被小泡介導(dǎo)的是非選擇性分泌。9. 在細(xì)胞分裂中, 微管的作用是 , 微絲的作用是 。10. Bip蛋白是一種分子伴侶，它在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)中至少有兩個作用： ； 。11. 染色體的著絲粒有兩個基本功能 ； 。二、判斷題(若是正確的標(biāo)號

3、， 錯誤的標(biāo)號，每題1分，共15分)1. 激素類蛋白分子在Trans 高爾基體網(wǎng)絡(luò)分選時會被包裹進(jìn)網(wǎng)格蛋白包被小泡。（ ）2. 細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜的細(xì)胞質(zhì)面的錨定蛋白也都是由膜結(jié)合核糖體合成，并通過小泡轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到質(zhì)膜上。（ ）3. Plants have chloroplasts and therefore can live without mitochondria.( )4. Due to the many specialized transport proteins in the inner and oute membranes, the intermembrane space and the matr

4、ix space are chemically equivalent to the cytosol with respect to small molecules.（ ）5. 在減數(shù)分裂過程中,染色體間發(fā)生的分子重組是隨機(jī)發(fā)生的。( )6. 同一個體不同組織的細(xì)胞中, 核仁的大小和數(shù)目都有很大的變化, 這種變化和細(xì)胞中蛋白質(zhì)合成的旺盛程度有關(guān)。7. 組成葉綠體的脂類大多數(shù)是葉綠體自身制造的,而構(gòu)成線粒體的脂類大多數(shù)是從胞質(zhì)溶膠中運(yùn)輸進(jìn)來的。( )8. 葉綠體的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶是由16個亞基組成的聚合體, 其中8個大亞基是核基因編碼的。( )9. 微管蛋白異二聚體的和兩個亞基都能同GTP結(jié)合,

5、 親和力也一樣。( ) 10. 細(xì)胞中多數(shù)微管都是單管形式存在, 只有鞭毛、中心粒等結(jié)構(gòu)中的微管是以二聯(lián)管的形式存在。( )11. 由中間纖維結(jié)合蛋白(intermediate filament-associated protein ,IFAPs)將中間纖維相互交聯(lián)成束狀的結(jié)構(gòu)稱作張力絲。12 .M6P受體蛋白是高爾基體反面網(wǎng)絡(luò)上特有的受體蛋白, 主要起到分揀溶酶體酶的作用。( )13. 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)內(nèi)吞是一種特殊的內(nèi)吞作用， 受體和配體在內(nèi)吞過程中并未作任何處理，只是從一個部位轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到另一個部位。14. 導(dǎo)肽是游離核糖體上合成的新生肽的N-端一段氨基酸序列, 其組成特點(diǎn)是含有較多的堿性氨基酸、基本不含

6、酸性氨基酸, 具有形成兩性螺旋的傾向。( )15. 將同步生長的M期細(xì)胞與同步生長的S期細(xì)胞融合,除了見到正常的染色體外,還可見到細(xì)線狀的染色體。( )三、選擇題(請將正確答案的代號填入括號，每題1分，共15分)1. What do telomeres do? （ ） a. They protect the chromsomes from degradation by nucleases. b. They prevent the ends of chromosomes from fusing with one another. c. They are required for complete

7、 chromosomal replication. d. all of the above2. If you treated cells with a drug that interferes with microtubules, such as colchicine, which of the following would result? （ ） a. Cell shape would be disrupted. b. Mitosis and meiosis would not occur. c. The intracellular location of organelles would

8、 be disrupted. d. All of the above would result.3. Which type of vesicle of the trans Golgi network would be most likely to carry hormones destined for regulated secretion? ( ) a. lysosomal vesicles b. clathrin-coated vesicles c. non-clathrin-coated vesicles d. all of the above4. If you compared the

9、 proteins in a cis Golgi compartment with those in a trans Golgi compartment, you would find: ( ) a. the proteins in the two compartments are identical. b. the proteins in the cis compartment are glycosylated and contain modified amino acids, whereas those in the trans compartment are not modified.

10、c. the proteins in the cis compartment are glycosylated, whereas those in the trans compartment are glycosylated and contain modified amino acids. d. the proteins of the cis compartment are shorter than those of the trans compartment.5. Which of the following explains why microsomes cant be seen in

11、cells viewed with the electron microscope? ( ) a. They are far too small. b. They are artifacts of homogenization and centrifugation. c. They are transparent to electrons. d. They actually can be seen in electron micrographs of cells.6. Which of the following proteins would not be found in the smoot

12、h endoplasmic reticulum?( ) a. Ca2+-pumping enzymesb. cytochrome P450c. glucose 6-phosphatased. signal peptidase7. The observation that isolated F1 particles have ATPase activity suggests that( ) a. Electron transport requires energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. b. The normal enzymatic activity of t

13、he particle is reversible. c. These particles have been irreversibly inactivated. d. Electron transport is still functioning. 8. Which cell type is likely to have the most mitochondria?( ) a. fast-twitch muscle b. slow-twitch muscle c. liver cells d. adipose cells9. 下列哪項代表了染色體結(jié)構(gòu)中由最低至最高的壓縮過程。( ) a.核小

14、體30nm 纖維超螺旋環(huán)有絲分裂中的染色體 b.核小體超螺旋環(huán)30nm纖維有絲分裂中的染色體 c.核小體30nm纖維有絲分裂中的染色體超螺旋環(huán) d .有絲分裂中的染色體30nm纖維超螺旋環(huán)核小體10. 用劇烈方法分離到的葉綠體是型葉綠體，不能( )。 a. 產(chǎn)生O2 b.不能合成ATP c. 不能產(chǎn)生NADPH d.不能固定CO211. 參與胞質(zhì)分裂的分子發(fā)動機(jī)是( )。 a.肌球蛋白 b.肌球蛋白 c.肌球蛋白 d.肌鈣蛋白12. I-細(xì)胞病是由于缺乏( )所致。 a.-葡萄糖苷酶; b. N-乙酰葡萄糖胺磷酸轉(zhuǎn)移酶; c.ATP酶; d. 磷酸二酯酶。13. ARF是一種單體G蛋白, 它有

15、一個GTP/GDP結(jié)合位點(diǎn), 當(dāng)結(jié)合有GDP時, 沒有活性。若ARF-GDP同( )結(jié)合, 可引起GDP和GTP的交換。 a.GTPase; b.GTP酶激活蛋白; c.Ca2+-ATPase d.鳥嘌呤核苷釋放蛋白。14. 為了研究在離體條件下,質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)位的能力,將線粒體呼吸鏈的復(fù)合物摻入到人工脂質(zhì)體的小泡中, 下列四種物質(zhì)中那一種是最合適的電子供體?( ) a.細(xì)胞色素a b.細(xì)胞色素c c.UQH2 d.細(xì)胞色素c 氧化酶15. 若在顯微鏡下觀察到的某細(xì)胞具有核仁, 并且核物質(zhì)與細(xì)胞質(zhì)的界限清晰, 則可判定此細(xì)胞處于細(xì)胞的( )。 a.間期; b.前期; c.中期; d.后期。四、簡答題(

16、選做4題，每題5分，20分)1. Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual microtubule that is in its shrinking phase.(1). What would happen if only GDP, but no GTP, were present in the solution? (2). What would happen if the solution contained an analogue o

17、f GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed?2. How does regulated secretion differ from constitutive secretion?3. Consider a protein that contains an ER signal sequence at its amino terminus and a nuclear localization sequence in its middle. What do you think the fate of this protein would be? Explain your answ

18、er.4. 什么是蛋白質(zhì)N-連接糖基化和O-連接糖基化？發(fā)生在何種部位？5. 過氧化物酶體是怎樣進(jìn)行氧濃度調(diào)節(jié)的?有什么意義?五、看圖描述(每題10分，共20分)1. 根據(jù)對核蛋白運(yùn)輸機(jī)制的研究及相關(guān)蛋白的發(fā)現(xiàn), 提出了核蛋白的輸入模型(圖 1), 請對這一模型作出文字說明(PCC1:Ran nucleotide-exchange factor1)。 圖1 含有NLS信號的核蛋白從細(xì)胞質(zhì)輸入細(xì)胞核的推測模型 2. 圖2 是關(guān)于MPF的活性調(diào)節(jié)，請作出文字說明： 圖2. 酵母MPF的活性調(diào)節(jié)六、綜合題(20分): 生物膜是怎樣合成的?可能的機(jī)理是什么?七、附加題（只能選做15分題）1. 分析思考

19、（5分） 基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄加工和蛋白質(zhì)的合成是遺傳信息流的兩個關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，對此細(xì)胞核與細(xì)胞質(zhì)有明確的分工：細(xì)胞核負(fù)責(zé)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄加工，而細(xì)胞質(zhì)則負(fù)責(zé)完成蛋白質(zhì)的合成。核糖體是合成蛋白質(zhì)的工廠， 由大小兩個亞基組成，它們都是在細(xì)胞核著中裝配的。從細(xì)胞的生命活動看，在長期的進(jìn)化過程中選擇了經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的路線，但是在核糖體的裝配中卻選擇了一種違背經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律的做法：組成核糖體大小亞基的80余種蛋白質(zhì)在胞質(zhì)溶膠中合成之后被運(yùn)送到細(xì)胞核中；在核仁中裝配成的核糖體大、小亞基又要被運(yùn)送到胞質(zhì)溶膠中，它們是核輸出中體積最大的物質(zhì)。由于細(xì)胞中核糖體的數(shù)量巨大，組成核糖體的rRNA的種類和數(shù)量都遠(yuǎn)比組成核糖體的蛋白質(zhì)少，如果細(xì)胞核

20、將合成好的rRNA運(yùn)送到胞質(zhì)溶膠中，在那里進(jìn)行核糖體的裝配和蛋白質(zhì)的合成豈不更經(jīng)濟(jì)合理？假如是這種情況的話，有哪些不利？談?wù)勀目捶ā?.（5分） Consider the v-SNAREs that direct transport vesicles from the trans Golgi network to the plasma membrane. They, like all other v-SNAREs, are membrane proteins that are integrated into the membrane of the ER during their biosyn

21、thesis and are then transported by transport vesicles to their destination. Thus, transport vesicles budding from the ER contain at least two kinds of v-SNAREs-those that target the vesicles to the cis Golgi cisternae and those that are in transit to the trans Golgi network to be packaged in different transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane. (A) Why might this be a problem? (B) Suggest possible ways in which the cell might solve it.3 （10分）。 Specialization of membranes is a characteristic of mammalian cells. What are the mechanisms by which the apical and basolateral surf