2輪復(fù)習(xí)教案（一）模塊四 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、模塊四 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞【考點(diǎn)透視】 從近幾年的高考試題來(lái)看，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一大熱點(diǎn)。每年單項(xiàng)填空題必考一題，通常從三個(gè)方面來(lái)考查考生對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用：一是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身所表達(dá)的意義，如表示禁止、命令、威脅、許諾等意義；can, may, might, need, shall, should等的用法。二是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”表示推測(cè)。三是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面省略形式的用法區(qū)別，如I could (=I could do），I could have (=I could have done)的區(qū)別。（一）can和could的用法1表示能力或客觀可能性，還可以表示請(qǐng)求和允許。例如： Can you

2、finish this work tonight? 一Can I go now?一Yes，you can. 2could也可表示請(qǐng)求，是委婉的語(yǔ)氣，主要用于疑問(wèn)句，不可用于肯定句，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用can，即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中。例如： 一Could I come to see you tomorrow? 一Yes，you can. (否定答語(yǔ)可用No，Im afraid not)。 3表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。(主要用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句或驚嘆句中) Can this be true? 4“can (could) + have + 過(guò)去分詞”的疑問(wèn)或否定形式表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或

3、不肯定。例如： He cannot have been to that town.（二）may和might的用法1表示請(qǐng)求、可以與允許的情況，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。may的否定式為may not，但表示“不可以、禁止”答意思時(shí)常用mustnt代替may not。例如： 一May I take the book out of the reading-room? 一Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt. / No, you may not. / No, youd better not.) 2“may / might + have + v-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的

4、推測(cè)，含有“想必、也許會(huì)”的意思。 She maymight have missed the train. （三）must和have to的用法1must的否定式有兩個(gè)：mustnt表示“禁止”；neednt/ dont have to是一般疑問(wèn)句的否定答復(fù)。例如： 一Must we hand in our exercise books today? 一No，you neednt. 2“must have done”意思是“過(guò)去一定做了”；其否定式“cant/ mustnt have done”意思是“(過(guò)去)不可能做了”；而“neednt have done”意思是“(過(guò)去)沒(méi)必要做”。 3

5、must與have to的區(qū)別；二者含義很相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to有各種形式，隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同：（1）must表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。（2）must一般只表示現(xiàn)在，而have to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。（3）詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿時(shí)應(yīng)用must。（4）表示理論上的論斷和自然法則的必然性時(shí)，應(yīng)用must。例如：We must believe that only socialism can save China.（四）dare和need的用法1need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句或疑問(wèn)

6、句中，在肯定句中一般用must，have to，ought to或should代替。例如：Need I finish the work? Yes, you must.注意：neednt have done表示“本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”。2dare做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用肯定句中。例如：How dare you say Im unfair?3dare和need常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。所不同的是，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定和疑問(wèn)句中，后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。（五）shall和should的用法1sh

7、all常用于第一、第三人稱(chēng)。若用于其他人稱(chēng)時(shí)，則表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的“命令、警告、允諾或威脅”。2shall用于條約、規(guī)章、法令等文件中，表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定，一般用第三人稱(chēng)，意為“一定”。3shall用于if/ when引導(dǎo)的從句中，表示將來(lái)的可能性，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，意為“將”。例如：When I shall see him, I will give him your message.4should常表示“驚異、贊嘆、不滿(mǎn)”等情緒。主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”。5should have done意為“應(yīng)該做而未做”；shouldnt have done意為“不應(yīng)該做而做了”。6shoul

8、d表示勸告、建議、命令。同義詞未ought to。（六）will和would的用法1表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。2表示意志、愿望和決心。3will be和will have done的結(jié)構(gòu)均表示推測(cè)，主要用于第二、三人稱(chēng)。前者表示對(duì)目前情況的推測(cè)，后者表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。This will be the book you want.The guests would have arrived by that time.4would可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)used to正式，并沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。（七）ought to的用

9、法1ought to表示應(yīng)該2ought to表示推測(cè)3ought to have done表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。（這時(shí)ought to和should可以互換）（八）used to，had better，would rather的用法 1used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語(yǔ)中，其形式可不變。在疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定疑問(wèn)句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可有兩種形式。如：Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?Used you to go to the same school as your brother?I use

10、dnt to go there.I didnt use to go there.She used to be very fat, didnt she? / use(d)nt she?2had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。3would rather意為“寧愿”，后接不帶to的不定式。由于would rather表示選擇，因而后可接than。如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.I would rather lose a

11、dozen cherry trees than you should tell me one lie.【題例精析】【例1】 Didnt they come to the party last week?Yes. They didnt want to come with us at first, but then we _ persuade them.A. wouldB. couldC. were able toD. had to【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵在于區(qū)別can 與be able to 表示“能力”的用法?！疽c(diǎn)精析】根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境及講話人語(yǔ)氣，選項(xiàng)動(dòng)作表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力才完成的。在這種語(yǔ)氣的

12、肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中，常用be able to，在否定句中可用can。 【答案】C【例2】 You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. （2007北京四中交流卷）A. cantB. shouldC. mustD. neednt【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)“cant.too.”固定短語(yǔ)的理解?！疽c(diǎn)精析】根據(jù)句子意義：無(wú)論怎么注意你的閱讀技巧都不過(guò)分。同時(shí)句中由于有了too.to結(jié)構(gòu)，只有cant可以與它構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)，有此含義。其它選項(xiàng)無(wú)此意?！敬鸢浮緼【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)檢測(cè)】1. I promised

13、to get there before 5 oclock, but now the rain is pouring down. They _ for me impatiently.A. may waitB. ought to waitC. could waitD. must be waiting2. He was very brave. Even though shed hurt her leg, she _ go back alone.A. couldB. mightC. have toD. was able to3. You _ pay too much attention to your

14、 reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. shouldC. must D. neednt4. Ive tried several times, but the car just _.A. doesnt startB. wouldnt startC. wont startD. didnt start5. Always the old lady _ sit for hours doing nothing at all.A. was used toB. wouldC. used toD. should6. There used to be a

15、 small school,_?A. was thereB. wasnt itC. usednt thereD. usednt it7. Our house is on the top of the hill, so in summer the wind _ be pretty cold. A. mustB. canC. ought toD. need8. Havent I told you that you _ have the answer tomorrow morning? A. willB. shallC. shouldD. would9. Im surprised that he _

16、 in the match.A. should failB. should have failedC. would have failedD. may have failed10. Better go to see my sick colleague right now, _I? A. hadnt B. didntC. dontD. wont11. Sir, you _ be hunting deer here, for they are preserved by the government. A. oughtnt toB. cantC. wontD. neednt12. Sorry Im

17、late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will13. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant B. shouldnt beC. must have been D. couldnt have been14. To be on the safe si

18、de, we should fill up the tank now, because we _ run out of gas on the way.A. can B. wouldC. might D. should15. _ three people who travel together, there _ be at least one who _ be my teacher.A. Between; can; willB. In; should; could C. Among; will; mayD. Of; must; can16. Could you lend me that book

19、 you _ me about when I telephoned you? No, I am sorry, I cant. I gave it to a friend.A. were telling B. would tellC. had told D. had been telling17. We need a person badly to think up such an idea. _ the new comer have a try? A. Shall B. MayC. Should D. Need18. We _ so tired. Weve only been to a par

20、ty.A. mustnt have feltB. wouldnt have feltC. shouldnt have feltD. couldnt have felt19. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside? A. Do B. ShallC. Will D. Would20. How about paying a visit to Mr. Richardson, our former history teacher? Good idea. I will e-mail him t

21、oday so he _know _ to expect us. A. shall; why B. may; whenC. would; why D. will; how21. I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _ cats and dogs. You _ by bus. It was likely to get a cold. A. is raining; must have goneB. rained; would go C. was mining; should have goneD. have rained; could have

22、gone22. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. shouldC. mustD. neednt23. I told Sally to fix him up with this job, but perhaps I _ it out for her. A. had to write B. must have written C. should have writtenD. ought to write24. My sister met him at the G

23、rand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attendedB. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attendedD. shouldnt have attended25. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ during the day. A. should have doneB. would have doneC

24、. may have doneD. must have done26. Is there any flight to Tokyo today? I think there _, for the weather is too bad. A. mustnt beB. mightnt beC. neednt beD. cant be27. Im told that John had another car accident this morning. I believe not. He _ so careless. A. shouldnt have beenB. wouldnt have beenC

25、. couldnt have beenD. mustnt have been28. It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he _ doing his lessons. A. might have spentB. ought to have spentC. must have spentD. could have spent29. I didnt know you were good friends. You _. I have known her since she moved here. You

26、 were studying abroad then.A. may have B. neednt haveC. couldnt have D. must have30. They must have finished the work by the end of last month, _?A. mustnt they B. havent theyC. hadnt they D. didnt they31. I didnt see her yesterday. Of course, you _, because he had gone for a trip.A. cant B. may not

27、 haveC. cant haveD. mustnt have32. You _ phone him if you want to, but you _. He is sure to phone you.A. may; mustntB. have to; needntC. can; doesnt needD. can; neednt33. She must have gone back to the valley. _, she _ have. The entrance to it was nowhere to be found.A. No; mustntB. Yes; mightC. Yes

28、; couldD. No; couldnt34. He _ full marks, but he was so careless as to make a spelling mistake.A. must have gainedB. can have gainedC. could have gainedD. must gain35. From what you said, she _ you about it.A. mustnt have toldB. cant have toldC. mustnt tellD. cant tell36. You ought to have made an a

29、pology to Tom yesterday evening. Yes, I know I _.A. ought toB. have toC. should haveD. must have37. Is there a fog in the evening? There _ be. Ill make a phone call to find it out. A. must B. wouldC. will D. might38. _ he help you with the problem? Well, though it is very hard, _ Ill do what I can t

30、o work it out. A. Shall; but B. Can; andC. Must; however D. Will; still39. How is that, Joan? Yeah, its from the boss. She _ first, whether she likes it. A. shall go B. ought to have goneC. should go D. must have gone40. Would you like to watch the video, in which you can see foreigners making jiaoj

31、i during the Spring Festival? Sure, it _ be very interesting. A. should B. mayC. can D. will41. The door was open. It _ open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.A. can not beB. must not beC. can not have beenD. must not have been42. Where _ Margaret have put the empty bottles? She _

32、 them away. They must be somewhere. A. can; cant have thrownB. must; neednt C. must; must have thrownD. cant; must throw43. Mum, I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf. My goodness! You _ yourself. You _ do that next time.A. must have hurt; mustntB. should have hurt; cant C. may h

33、ave hurt; mustntD. might have hurt; wont be able to44. Shall I go and buy more food and drinks for the party? No, we have prepared a fridge of those. That _ be quite enough.A. can B. mayC. might D. ought to45. Hurry up, Michael! Its ten to three. Goodness me! The class_. Ill be late again.A. must be

34、gin B. may beginC. should have begun D. must have begun46. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the street comer after work every day. A. would B. shouldC. had better D. might47. I hear you have written a novel. Yes, the book _ be out in a month or so. A. can B. dareC. should D. need48.

35、 How could I thank you enough? Dont mention it. Any other man _ that.A. must do B. could doC. would have done D. should have done49. Why arent they here yet? They _ the bus.A. can have missedB. must be late forC. may have missedD. might be late for50. Mike _ come to see me I dont want to go out in c

36、ase he comes. A. can B. mustC. may D. will51. The thief _ in from the kitchen window as the door was closed. A. may climbB. must have climbedC. could have climbedD. should have climbed52. You didnt invite Bill? _ him too? A. Must I inviteB. Must I have invitedC. Should I inviteD. Should I have invit

37、ed53. Why didnt you attend the lecture yesterday? I didnt think that we _ on Sundays. A. should B. ought to haveC. shouldnt have D. will have to54. Its said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There _ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay. A. wouldnt B. mustntC. shouldnt D. n

38、eednt55. Would you be here to attend the English party this evening? Yes, we _. A. shall B. wouldC. will D. must56. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I _ get up early and go fishing. A. could B. wouldC. might D. should57. Youd better keep quiet in class. Sometimes I _ Yesterday, I was very q

39、uiet during my English class. A. would B. doC. did D. have58. I lived with my sister this summer and didnt have to pay rent. So I _ save most of my salary. A. could B. wouldC. was able to D. should59. Look, Johns fallen asleep. Oh, he _ too late last night.A. might sit upB. should have sat upC. coul

40、d sit upD. must have sat up60. I posted the letter a week ago. Then they _ the letter by now. It usually takes four days.A. can have receivedB. must receiveC. should receiveD. ought to have received61. He used to teach in that university and I _ ride past it on my way to work.A. would B. couldC. sho

41、uld D. might62. So you have to leave now. Yes, I _. How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer! A. have to B. ought toC. do D. have63. He _ Shanghai, for I saw him talking with the headmaster a moment ago.A. must have gone toB. cant have gone toC. mustnt have been toD. cant have been to64.

42、From what I learn about their hotel, the service and the weather, they _ their holiday very much.A. wouldnt have enjoyedB. shouldnt have enjoyedC. neednt have enjoyedD. cant have enjoyed65. It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _ you when you called.A. cant have seenB. should not have seenC. m

43、ust not have seenD. need not have seen66. Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting. Yes, but I think the weather offices computers _ be more accurate.A. can B. mustC. ought to D. might67. The farmers lived near the high way. _ very noisy.A. It must have been B. They must beC.

44、That might be D. There must be68. She is too slow. She _ pass the test, but she _ too little.A. would; knew B. will; knowsC. would; knows D. will; knew69. Mary didnt turn up last time, did she? No. She_. We had changed our plan.A. shouldnt have comeB. neednt have to comeC. didnt need to comeD. needn

45、t have come70. They havent finished the work up to now. Well, they_. A. should B. should haveC. would D. must have71. Shall I go and buy more fruit for the party? No, I have already bought 3 baskets. That _ be enough.A. can B. ought toC. may D. might72. Why hasnt the speaker turned up? He _ the flig

46、ht. Ill find it out at once. A. must have missedB. might have missed C. would have missedD. could have missed73. I _ pay Tom a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.A. shouldB. mightC. wouldD. could74. Who is the girl standing over there? Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabe

47、l.A. mayB. canC. mustD. shall75. It has been announced that candidates (考生)_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. canB. willC. mayD. shall【答案解析】1D。must表示推測(cè)。根據(jù)句意：他們一定正在等我們。所以用must be waiting。2D。由even though可知該題意為：她很勇敢，盡管她腿受了傷，她仍然設(shè)法獨(dú)自回家了。而be able to= manage to，有克服困難設(shè)法成功之意

48、。3A。cannot / can not / never too/ enough是一固定搭配，表示“越越好”、“再也不過(guò)分”。4C?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞will的用法。will表示意志、意愿和決心。5B。used to和would都有“過(guò)去常?！敝?，但used to有今昔對(duì)比之意，現(xiàn)在再也不這樣了。而would無(wú)此用法。6C。解此題的關(guān)鍵：一、掌握反意疑問(wèn)句的基本構(gòu)成，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。二、了解used to構(gòu)成的反意疑問(wèn)句有兩種 （didnt和usednt或usent）。三、知道there構(gòu)成的反意疑問(wèn)句可由there直接構(gòu)成，而不用it，所以選擇C。7B。can作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它有一特殊用

49、法，即：表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”= is sometimes等一般情況。句意為：我們家住山頂，所以有時(shí)夏天風(fēng)會(huì)很大。8B。shall用于第一、三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或指示。二、三人稱(chēng)表示說(shuō)話人的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。9B。should意為“竟然”。should have done意為“竟然做了某事”。句意：我很驚訝，他竟然比賽輸了。10A。had better是一特殊情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它可以寫(xiě)成better，但無(wú)論是had better，還是better，其反意疑問(wèn)句均由had引導(dǎo)。此外，還遵循“前肯后否”的原則。故選A。11A。此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to的特殊用法。它有表示“道德法律上的必須”

50、之意。此句意為：“先生，您不能在這捕鹿，它們是國(guó)家保護(hù)動(dòng)物”。cant雖有“不能、不準(zhǔn)”之意，但它不表示“法律上的不準(zhǔn)，道義上的不能”之意，所以排除B。oughtnt to相當(dāng)于shouldnt，但前者語(yǔ)氣更為強(qiáng)烈。wont表示“不愿、不能”，故排除。neednt表“不必”，不符合題意。因此排除D。12A。can不能用于肯定句中表示推測(cè)；will表將來(lái)或意愿；should have done意為“本應(yīng)該卻未”。句子表達(dá)的是一種對(duì)過(guò)去的猜測(cè)，但可能性不大。13D。因?qū)υ捠菍?duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，所以不能選擇A和B。從上句意義可知：已坐了5個(gè)人的小車(chē)?yán)镌贁D一個(gè)人一定不是舒服的旅行。答案為D。14C。表示對(duì)未來(lái)可能出現(xiàn)的一種事實(shí)的推測(cè)，但不是很肯定。15D。諺語(yǔ)：“三人行，必有我?guī)煛薄?6A。本句意為“你能把那本我給你打電話時(shí)你提到的那本書(shū)借給我嗎?”，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情節(jié)，