初中賓語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)

1、初中賓語(yǔ)從句小結(jié)關(guān)鍵詞： 賓語(yǔ)從句 一、當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：She said that she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.她說(shuō)她會(huì)把留言條放在校長(zhǎng)桌子上。He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作二、當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother l

2、iked the bag.愛(ài)麗斯想知道她祖母是否喜歡這個(gè)包。I dont know whether hell come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否會(huì)來(lái)但直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )讓我知道他是否能來(lái)。I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I dont kno

3、w whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我們是去還是留。三、如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告訴我我們今天下午將在哪兒開(kāi)會(huì)嗎？I dont know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道誰(shuí)給我買(mǎi)了禮物。是杰克嗎？下面的表格可以幫助

4、大家理解這一部分內(nèi)容句式連詞語(yǔ)序陳述句that不變一般疑問(wèn)句If/whether改為陳述語(yǔ)序特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞改為陳述語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)從句保留原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)改為過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)客觀事實(shí)和自然現(xiàn)象除外所謂過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)指的是如下的變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(was/were doing)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)（had +過(guò)去分詞）一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)（would do;was/were going to do） 復(fù)合句需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：復(fù)合句在中考題里面本身較少，重點(diǎn)是賓語(yǔ)從句的題，而且不會(huì)超過(guò)兩道。賓語(yǔ)從句是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，需

5、要說(shuō)明的是間接引語(yǔ)很大程度上就是賓語(yǔ)從句。a. 用that引導(dǎo) 用它引導(dǎo)本身就是一個(gè)陳述句，沒(méi)有詞義，句子不缺主干成分，并且that可以省略掉在不正式場(chǎng)合中，并且必須要講究時(shí)態(tài)的一致。b. 用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，疑問(wèn)詞是有詞義的，而且在句子中有成分，需要強(qiáng)調(diào)在疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)后，句子是陳述句的樣子.也要講究時(shí)態(tài)的一致。疑問(wèn)代詞:what which whose whom who 疑問(wèn)副詞:where when how why 例：Professor Nelson wanted to know _.(2005年上海中考題)A. when would the conference beginB. when th

6、e conference would beginC. when will the conference beginD. when the conference will begin解析：只要牢牢記住兩個(gè)原則 ：陳述句和講究時(shí)態(tài)的一致 就可以做出來(lái)，選擇B例：I would like to know _.(2002年上海中考題)A. when will he give back the tape B. whether has he received higher educationC. that he has been busy D. whether she will join in our E

7、nglish evening“解析：同理按照上述分析，也該選擇D 另外說(shuō)明下，whether和if用的時(shí)候如果后面接不定式或者or not，如果前面有介詞，那么只用whether. 順口溜（1）謂語(yǔ)be的用法我用am，你用are，除此之外的單數(shù)，包括他她還有它，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是用is，我們你們和他們，只要復(fù)數(shù)都用are（2)一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句的變化一般問(wèn)句并不難，謂語(yǔ)調(diào)到主語(yǔ)前。，大寫(xiě)小寫(xiě)有變化，句末要把問(wèn)號(hào)加。，第一人稱常變二。，否定句就更簡(jiǎn)單，中間加上一not，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提到前。（3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)很好記，結(jié)構(gòu)be動(dòng)詞ing。，be由主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定，句中常用標(biāo)志詞，now，look，listen?。?)一般

8、現(xiàn)在時(shí)，肯定句的現(xiàn)在式。不是三單用原形，是三單就加s，es，若是否定疑問(wèn)句，沒(méi)有be就加個(gè)do，碰到三單加does。如把does加在前，動(dòng)詞就要還原形。（5)一般過(guò)去時(shí)，肯定句的過(guò)去式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加ed，不規(guī)則的必須記。否定形式疑問(wèn)句，沒(méi)有be加did。如把did加在前，動(dòng)詞也要還原形。（6)特殊的形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)一分為二有兩個(gè)，一是遠(yuǎn)來(lái)一是老。合二為一共三對(duì)，壞病兩多并兩好。還有一詞雙意含，只譯少來(lái)不譯小。（7)比較等級(jí)的運(yùn)用原級(jí)用在asas間，比較級(jí)用在than前。and連接兩個(gè)比較級(jí)，說(shuō)明“越來(lái)越怎樣”。三者以上最高級(jí)，副詞前可不加the。still，even，和much，比較

9、級(jí)前“更怎樣”。還有alot和alittle，也常修飾比較級(jí)。（8）賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句三要素，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)。引導(dǎo)詞分三情況，陳述句that可省略。一般疑問(wèn)句if或whether。碰到特殊疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)此任。語(yǔ)序總體為主謂。疑問(wèn)詞從句主語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)序不必去改變。從句時(shí)態(tài)主句定，如果主句是過(guò)去，從句相應(yīng)作改變，客觀真理仍現(xiàn)在。（9)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)牢記一點(diǎn)，be加動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。分析句中主和謂，承受者作主語(yǔ)即被動(dòng)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可忘介、副詞。另有不及物動(dòng)詞，只有主動(dòng)無(wú)被動(dòng)。還要注意其時(shí)態(tài)，與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)全相同。我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意以下四點(diǎn)： 一、引導(dǎo)詞的使用1. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由陳述句變化而來(lái)時(shí)，用t

10、hat來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，that常無(wú)具體意義，一般可省略。例如：Lin Tao thought（that）the TV play was very boring.2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí)，要用if或whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。例如：David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.3. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí)，原句中的疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)連接代詞（如who， whose， what， which）或連接副詞（如when， where， why， how），引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：Do you know w

11、hat we can do on the island？I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning.二、語(yǔ)序的陳述化賓語(yǔ)從句一般要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。例如：When did he leave？ I want to know. I want to know when he left.Does the shop close at six every day？ Do you know？ Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day？三、時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)1. 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一

12、般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可根據(jù)情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：I hear she is here today（she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.）2. 如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例如：He said he was watching TV（he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school）。3. 如賓語(yǔ)從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或科學(xué)真理等，從句不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Our teacher told us th

13、at light travels faster than sound.四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think， believe， suppose等動(dòng)詞，且主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。例如：I dont believe he is here on time， is he？I dont think Tom is the best student in his class， is he？賓語(yǔ)從句是目前初三學(xué)生正在學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容，也是初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。由于賓語(yǔ)從句是由陳述句、一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句等轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)，而且時(shí)態(tài)亦要發(fā)生變化，所以不少學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中容易發(fā)生一些錯(cuò)誤?，F(xiàn)將

14、賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)單歸納如下： 賓語(yǔ)從句與其他名詞性從句一樣，也有三種類(lèi)型： 1由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表示陳述意義，連詞that?？杀皇÷浴＠纾篒hope(that)theywillhavefun.Marysaidthatshefeltsleepy.Cantyousee(that)Imabird? 注意：1）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句盡管要表示否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。如：Idontthinkhewillcome.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)。 2）兩個(gè)表示陳述意義的賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí)，有時(shí)省去第一個(gè)從句的連詞that，但第二個(gè)從句的連詞th

15、at一般不可以省略。如： Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice. 2.由從屬連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表示“是否（有，能，已經(jīng)）”等一般疑問(wèn)句的含義。 例如：Iwonderwhether(if)heliveshere. Theteacheraskedwhether(if)theyweregettingreadyfortheEnglishEvening.如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)“究竟還是不”，常用連詞whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，后面再加ornot或直接在whether后加ornot。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

16、如：Idbeinterestedtoknowwhetherhewillseethefilm“HouseofFlyingDaggers”ornot.=Idbeinterestedtoknowwhetherornothewillseethefilm“HouseofFlyingDaggers”. 3.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,how,why等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表示“誰(shuí)，誰(shuí)的，什么，哪（個(gè)，些），何時(shí)，何地，怎樣，為什么”等等特殊疑問(wèn)句的意義。除了連接詞及被修飾的詞提前以外，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 例如：Tomaskedwhocouldgi

17、vethemessagetohermother. Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Iwonderedhowoldhisbrotherwas. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：1）當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句可以用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。 2）主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般只能用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式；當(dāng)從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)或一般真理時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句仍然用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must一般不用于過(guò)去時(shí)，但卻可以用于主句是過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 做賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)要記住“一連詞，二語(yǔ)序，三時(shí)態(tài)”。學(xué)習(xí)賓從三注意：時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序和連詞。 時(shí)態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)： 主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意； 主句若為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句

18、時(shí)態(tài)變過(guò)去； 語(yǔ)序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問(wèn)句。 That連接陳述句，省與不省沒(méi)關(guān)系。 從句若表“是否”時(shí)，if, whether 均可以。 特殊問(wèn)句做賓語(yǔ)，仍用原來(lái)疑問(wèn)詞。 三個(gè)問(wèn)題須記牢，切莫丟東忘了西。I從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does

19、 he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _. A. whom i

20、s she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont

21、know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their s

22、tockings10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫(xiě)句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” h

23、e asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個(gè)句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫(xiě))

24、 They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.賓語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案：I. 15DDDCD 610ADDBDII. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didnt; until 6. wheth

25、er; came習(xí)題（一）1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. w

26、ill have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled答案：1-5 A D C B C習(xí)題（二）1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont

27、know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. w

28、hat D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose答案：1-7 C B B A A A C習(xí)題（三）1. They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year. A. where does your

29、sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what

30、 D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beiji

31、ng答案：1-6 B D B A A C習(xí)題（四）1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. （北京市東城區(qū)） A. that B. how C. what D. if 2. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English. （杭州市） A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. We never know _ t

32、he old man is. They say he is a teacher. （鄂州市） A. what B. who C. which D. where 4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重慶市） A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when 5. Do you know _ ? Im going to see him. Sorry, I dont know. （北京市海淀區(qū)） A. where does Mr. Li l

33、ive B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 6. W here do you think _ he _ the computer? Sorry, I have no idea. （南京市） A. ; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy 7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. （重慶市） A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C.

34、 what the matter was D. what wrong was 8. Where is Jack? He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ . （南昌市） A. that B. which C. where D. there 答案：14 D A A D 58 C A C CI從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell

35、 you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A.I從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when

36、does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A.

37、 whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves

38、8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what

39、 in their stockings 10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫(xiě)句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China? 2. Does the girl nee

40、d any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個(gè)句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homewor

41、k. (用notuntil改寫(xiě)) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.賓語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案： I. 15DDDCD 610ADDBD II. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. di

42、dnt; until 6. whether; came當(dāng)我被上帝造出來(lái)時(shí)，上帝問(wèn)我想在人間當(dāng)一個(gè)怎樣的人，我不假思索的說(shuō)，我要做一個(gè)偉大的世人皆知的人。于是，我降臨在了人間。我出生在一個(gè)官僚知識(shí)分子之家，父親在朝中做官，精讀詩(shī)書(shū)，母親知書(shū)答禮，溫柔體貼，父母給我去了一個(gè)好聽(tīng)的名字：李清照。小時(shí)侯，受父母影響的我飽讀詩(shī)書(shū)，聰明伶俐，在朝中享有“神童”的稱號(hào)。小時(shí)候的我天真活潑，才思敏捷，小河畔，花叢邊撒滿了我的詩(shī)我的笑，無(wú)可置疑，小時(shí)侯的我快樂(lè)無(wú)慮?！芭d盡晚回舟，誤入藕花深處。爭(zhēng)渡，爭(zhēng)渡，驚起一灘鷗鷺?！鼻啻旱奈胰缤恢恍▲B(niǎo)，自由自在，沒(méi)有約束，少女純凈的心靈常在朝陽(yáng)小，流水也被自然洗禮，纖細(xì)的

43、手指拈一束花，輕拋入水，隨波蕩漾，發(fā)髻上沾著晶瑩的露水，雙腳任水流輕撫。身影輕飄而過(guò)，留下一陣清風(fēng)?？墒峭砟甑奈覅s生活在一片黑暗之中，家庭的衰敗，社會(huì)的改變，消磨著我那柔弱的心。我?guī)缀鯇?duì)生活絕望，每天在痛苦中消磨時(shí)光，一切都好象是灰暗的?！皩ひ捯捓淅淝迩迤嗥鄳K慘戚戚”這千古疊詞句就是我當(dāng)時(shí)心情的寫(xiě)照。最后，香消玉殞?zhuān)以谕纯嗪桶г怪衅鄾龅乃廊?。在天堂里，我又?jiàn)到了上帝。上帝問(wèn)我過(guò)的怎么樣，我搖搖頭又點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，我的一生有歡樂(lè)也有坎坷，有笑聲也有淚水，有鼎盛也有衰落。我始終無(wú)法客觀的評(píng)價(jià)我的一生。我原以為做一個(gè)著名的人，一生應(yīng)該是被歡樂(lè)榮譽(yù)所包圍，可我發(fā)現(xiàn)我錯(cuò)了。于是在下一輪回中，我選擇做一個(gè)平凡

44、的人。我來(lái)到人間，我是一個(gè)平凡的人，我既不著名也不出眾，但我擁有一切的幸福：我有溫馨的家，我有可親可愛(ài)的同學(xué)和老師，我每天平凡而快樂(lè)的活著，這就夠了。天兒藍(lán)藍(lán)風(fēng)兒輕輕，暖和的春風(fēng)帶著春的氣息吹進(jìn)明亮的教室，我坐在教室的窗前，望著我擁有的一切，我甜甜的笑了。我拿起手中的筆，不禁想起曾經(jīng)作詩(shī)的李清照，我雖然沒(méi)有橫溢的才華，但我還是拿起手中的筆，用最樸實(shí)的語(yǔ)言，寫(xiě)下了一時(shí)的感受：人生并不總是完美的，每個(gè)人都會(huì)有不如意的地方。這就需要我們靜下心來(lái)閱讀自己的人生，體會(huì)其中無(wú)盡的快樂(lè)和與眾不同?！案徊蛔x書(shū)富不久，窮不讀書(shū)終究窮?！睘槭裁磸墓诺浇穸寄敲纯粗赜袑W(xué)識(shí)之人？那是因?yàn)橛袑W(xué)識(shí)之人可以為社會(huì)做出更大的貢

45、獻(xiàn)。那時(shí)因?yàn)樽x書(shū)能給人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。自從看了丑小鴨這篇童話之后，我變了，變得開(kāi)朗起來(lái)，變得樂(lè)意同別人交往，變得自信了因?yàn)槲抑溃杭词宫F(xiàn)在我是只“丑小鴨”，但只要有自信，總有一天我會(huì)變成“白天鵝”的，而且會(huì)是一只世界上最美麗的“白天鵝”我讀完了這篇美麗的童話故事，深深被丑小鴨的自信和樂(lè)觀所折服，并把故事講給了外婆聽(tīng)，外婆也對(duì)童話帶給我們的深刻道理而驚訝不已。還吵著鬧著多看幾本名著。于是我給外婆又買(mǎi)了幾本名著故事，她起先自己讀，讀到不認(rèn)識(shí)的字我就告訴她，如果這一面生字較多，我就讀給她聽(tīng)整個(gè)一面。漸漸的，自己的語(yǔ)文閱讀能力也提高了不少，與此同時(shí)我也發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人讀書(shū)的樂(lè)趣遠(yuǎn)不及兩個(gè)人讀的樂(lè)趣大，而兩個(gè)人讀書(shū)

46、的樂(lè)趣遠(yuǎn)不及全家一起讀的樂(lè)趣大。于是，我便發(fā)展“業(yè)務(wù)”帶動(dòng)全家一起讀書(shū)現(xiàn)在，每每遇到好書(shū)大家也不分男女老少都一擁而上，爭(zhēng)先恐后“搶書(shū)”，當(dāng)我說(shuō)起我最小應(yīng)該讓我的時(shí)候，卻沒(méi)有人搭理我。最后還把書(shū)給撕壞了，我生氣地哭了，媽媽一邊安慰我一邊對(duì)外婆說(shuō)：“孩子小，應(yīng)該讓著點(diǎn)。”外婆卻不服氣的說(shuō)：“我這一把年紀(jì)的了，怎么沒(méi)人讓我呀？”大家人你一言我一語(yǔ)，誰(shuí)也不肯相讓讀書(shū)讓我明白了善惡美丑、悲歡離合，讀一本好書(shū)，猶如同智者談心、談理想，教你辨別善惡，教你弘揚(yáng)正義。讀一本好書(shū)，如品一杯香茶，余香繚繞。讀一本好書(shū)，能使人心靈得到凈化。書(shū)是我的老師，把知識(shí)傳遞給了我；書(shū)是我的伙伴，跟我訴說(shuō)心里話；書(shū)是一把鑰匙，給

47、我敞開(kāi)了知識(shí)的大門(mén)；書(shū)更是一艘不會(huì)沉的船，引領(lǐng)我航行在人生的長(zhǎng)河中。其實(shí)讀書(shū)的真真樂(lè)趣也就在于此處，不是一個(gè)人悶頭苦讀書(shū)；也不是讀到好處不與他人分享，獨(dú)自品位；更不是一個(gè)人如癡如醉地沉浸在書(shū)的海洋中不能自拔。而是懂得與朋友，家人一起分享其中的樂(lè)趣。這才是讀書(shū)真正之樂(lè)趣呢！這所有的一切，不正是我從書(shū)中受到的教益嗎？我閱讀，故我美麗；我思考，故我存在。我從內(nèi)心深處真切地感到：我從讀書(shū)中受到了教益。當(dāng)看見(jiàn)有些同學(xué)寧可買(mǎi)玩具亦不肯買(mǎi)書(shū)時(shí)，我便想到培根所說(shuō)的話：“世界上最庸俗的人是不讀書(shū)的人，最吝嗇的人是不買(mǎi)書(shū)的人，最可憐的人是與書(shū)無(wú)緣的人?！痹S許多多的作家、偉人都十分喜歡看書(shū)，例如毛澤東主席，他半邊床

48、上都是書(shū)，一讀起書(shū)來(lái)便進(jìn)入忘我的境界。書(shū)是我生活中的好朋友，是我人生道路上的航標(biāo)，讀書(shū)，讀好書(shū)，是我無(wú)怨無(wú)悔的追求。下午13：0017：00B實(shí)行不定時(shí)工作制的員工，在保證完成甲方工作任務(wù)情況下，經(jīng)公司同意,可自行安排工作和休息時(shí)間。312打卡制度3.1.2.1公司實(shí)行上、下班指紋錄入打卡制度。全體員工都必須自覺(jué)遵守工作時(shí)間，實(shí)行不定時(shí)工作制的員工不必打卡。3.1.2.2打卡次數(shù)：一日兩次，即早上上班打卡一次，下午下班打卡一次。3.1.2.3打卡時(shí)間：打卡時(shí)間為上班到崗時(shí)間和下班離崗時(shí)間； 3.1.2.4因公外出不能打卡：因公外出不能打卡應(yīng)填寫(xiě)外勤登記表,注明外出日期、事由、外勤起止時(shí)間。因公

49、外出需事先申請(qǐng)，如因特殊情況不能事先申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)在事畢到崗當(dāng)日完成申請(qǐng)、審批手續(xù)，否則按曠工處理。因停電、卡鐘（工卡）故障未打卡的員工，上班前、下班后要及時(shí)到部門(mén)考勤員處填寫(xiě)未打卡補(bǔ)簽申請(qǐng)表，由直接主管簽字證明當(dāng)日的出勤狀況，報(bào)部門(mén)經(jīng)理、人力資源部批準(zhǔn)后，月底由部門(mén)考勤員據(jù)此上報(bào)考勤。上述情況考勤由各部門(mén)或分公司和項(xiàng)目文員協(xié)助人力資源部進(jìn)行管理。3.1.2.5手工考勤制度3.1.2.6手工考勤制申請(qǐng)：由于工作性質(zhì)，員工無(wú)法正常打卡（如外圍人員、出差），可由各部門(mén)提出人員名單，經(jīng)主管副總批準(zhǔn)后，報(bào)人力資源部審批備案。3.1.2.7參與手工考勤的員工，需由其主管部門(mén)的部門(mén)考勤員(文員)或部門(mén)指定人員進(jìn)

50、行考勤管理，并于每月26日前向人力資源部遞交考勤報(bào)表。3.1.2.8參與手工考勤的員工如有請(qǐng)假情況發(fā)生，應(yīng)遵守相關(guān)請(qǐng)、休假制度，如實(shí)填報(bào)相關(guān)表單。3.1.2.9 外派員工在外派工作期間的考勤,需在外派公司打卡記錄;如遇中途出差,持出差證明,出差期間的考勤在出差地所在公司打卡記錄;3.2加班管理3.2.1定義加班是指員工在節(jié)假日或公司規(guī)定的休息日仍照常工作的情況。A現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理人員和勞務(wù)人員的加班應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制，各部門(mén)應(yīng)按月工時(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，合理安排工作班次。部門(mén)經(jīng)理要嚴(yán)格審批員工排班表，保證員工有效工時(shí)達(dá)到要求。凡是達(dá)到月工時(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，應(yīng)扣減員工本人的存休或工資；對(duì)超出月工時(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，應(yīng)說(shuō)明理由，報(bào)主管副總和人力

51、資源部審批。 B因員工月薪工資中的補(bǔ)貼已包括延時(shí)工作補(bǔ)貼，所以延時(shí)工作在4小時(shí)（不含）以下的，不再另計(jì)加班工資。因工作需要，一般員工延時(shí)工作4小時(shí)至8小時(shí)可申報(bào)加班半天，超過(guò)8小時(shí)可申報(bào)加班1天。對(duì)主管(含)以上管理人員，一般情況下延時(shí)工作不計(jì)加班，因特殊情況經(jīng)總經(jīng)理以上領(lǐng)導(dǎo)批準(zhǔn)的延時(shí)工作，可按以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)加班。3.2.2.2員工加班應(yīng)提前申請(qǐng)，事先填寫(xiě)加班申請(qǐng)表，因無(wú)法確定加班工時(shí)的，應(yīng)在本次加班完成后3個(gè)工作日內(nèi)補(bǔ)填加班申請(qǐng)表。加班申請(qǐng)表經(jīng)部門(mén)經(jīng)理同意，主管副總經(jīng)理審核報(bào)總經(jīng)理批準(zhǔn)后有效。加班申請(qǐng)表必須事前當(dāng)月內(nèi)上報(bào)有效，如遇特殊情況，也必須在一周內(nèi)上報(bào)至總經(jīng)理批準(zhǔn)。如未履行上述程序，視為乙

52、方自愿加班。3.2.2.3員工加班，也應(yīng)按規(guī)定打卡，沒(méi)有打卡記錄的加班，公司不予承認(rèn)；有打卡記錄但無(wú)公司總經(jīng)理批準(zhǔn)的加班，公司不予承認(rèn)加班。3.2.2.4原則上，參加公司組織的各種培訓(xùn)、集體活動(dòng)不計(jì)加班。3.2.2.5加班工資的補(bǔ)償：?jiǎn)T工在排班休息日的加班，可以以倒休形式安排補(bǔ)休。原則上，員工加班以倒休形式補(bǔ)休的，公司將根據(jù)工作需要統(tǒng)一安排在春節(jié)前后補(bǔ)休。加班可按1：1的比例沖抵病、事假。3.2.3加班的申請(qǐng)、審批、確認(rèn)流程3.2.3.1加班申請(qǐng)表在各部門(mén)文員處領(lǐng)取，加班統(tǒng)計(jì)周期為上月26日至本月25日。3.2.3.2員工加班也要按規(guī)定打卡，沒(méi)有打卡記錄的加班，公司不予承認(rèn)。各部門(mén)的考勤員(文

53、員)負(fù)責(zé)加班申請(qǐng)表的保管及加班申報(bào)。員工加班應(yīng)提前申請(qǐng)，事先填寫(xiě)加班申請(qǐng)表加班前到部門(mén)考勤員(文員)處領(lǐng)取加班申請(qǐng)表，加班申請(qǐng)表經(jīng)項(xiàng)目管理中心或部門(mén)經(jīng)理同意，主管副總審核，總經(jīng)理簽字批準(zhǔn)后有效。填寫(xiě)并履行完審批手續(xù)后交由部門(mén)考勤員(文員)保管。3.2.3.3部門(mén)考勤員（文員）負(fù)責(zé)檢查、復(fù)核確認(rèn)考勤記錄的真實(shí)有效性并在每月27日匯總交人力資源部，逾期未交的加班記錄公司不予承認(rèn)。下午13：0017：00B實(shí)行不定時(shí)工作制的員工，在保證完成甲方工作任務(wù)情況下，經(jīng)公司同意,可自行安排工作和休息時(shí)間。312打卡制度3.1.2.1公司實(shí)行上、下班指紋錄入打卡制度。全體員工都必須自覺(jué)遵守工作時(shí)間，實(shí)行不定時(shí)工作制的員工不必打卡。3.1.2.2打卡