定從名從解題方法

1、末尾有“ .!?或；”清晰完整的意思（含語(yǔ)氣等）名從和定從解題方法（一）.簡(jiǎn)單句1234lknow it .1 know the placereferred to 2 I put the money there / in the house. The house is known to all.（二）.復(fù)合句（上面簡(jiǎn)單句的相關(guān)成分被換成了從 句）廣 1 I know where he lives.5 She came from6 That iisNanjing .Sha nghai.2 know the place 珂 put the money 4 t is known to allwher

2、e he lives.where he lives.where he lives.5 She came from where he lives.6 That is where he lives.1定義：一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)形容詞、名詞、或副詞使用，這樣的句子叫從句。2特征：1必須句自有天聯(lián)詞2必須在句法結(jié)構(gòu)上同主句一樣完整正確3語(yǔ)序?yàn)槭稣Z(yǔ)序（即主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)前）3.例句:.什么是句子？A.首字母大寫B(tài).C. 一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)D.什么是從句？.運(yùn)用1和2的概念來(lái)解下面的題A. is_ hot, we d better have a swim. hot, so we d better have a

3、 swim. hot ; we d better have a swim.here.B. be C. being D. bee n2. He has eight boys, three ofstudy ingare studying here. _ are study ing here. are study ing here.He has eight boys, three ofHe has eight boys, and three ofHe has eight boys ; three ofA. them B. whom C. who D. they3. leave s the room

4、last should turn off the lights.leave the room last should turn off the lights. leave s the room last is very obvious.A. Anyone B. The pers on C. WhoeverD. Who E. Those who4. is obviousthat he doesn t want to see you.is obvious , he doesn t want to see you.is obviousis that he doesn t want to see yo

5、u.A. It B. As C. what D. how E. why5. (1)ls this housemy father once lived in?(2) ls this the housemy father once lived in?(3) ls this house the onemy father once lived?(4) ls this the housemy father once lived?(5) ls this housemy father once lived?(6) Was it in this housemy father once lived?A. the

6、 one B. which C. where D. that E. X6. （1）to the left, and youll see the bus stop.（2）to the left, youll see the bus stop.（3）down the radio-the babys sleeping in the next room .A. Turni ng B. To turn C. Turn D. lf you turn 四.高考考什么：從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的判定五三大從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的特征名從：三類：1. that不做成分，無(wú)疑意，不可省（只在引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞賓從時(shí)可?。?. whether

7、不做成分，有疑意，不可?。╥f只用于賓從且不與or not連用）3. wh+和how系列做成分定從：二類：1. 關(guān)代： 后從句不完整（即缺主賓表定和介賓成份之一）2. 關(guān)副： 后從句完整（即不缺主賓表定與介賓）六. 難點(diǎn)：1.能否根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)將復(fù)合句定出來(lái) -是否是復(fù)合句，若是,是哪種從句（概念把握準(zhǔn)確到位否，是關(guān)鍵）2. 當(dāng)定下來(lái)是哪一從句后，具體關(guān)聯(lián)詞是哪一個(gè)，關(guān)聯(lián)詞相互間的區(qū)別及各自獨(dú)特的功用（記住這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞區(qū)別及各自獨(dú)特功用是最后解題成敗之關(guān)鍵）七. 從句解題入手方法（一般解法）1. 看后的從句是否完整（根據(jù)五個(gè)基本句型中的主賓表定缺否及所要表述的語(yǔ)意）2. 若不完整，則從句關(guān)聯(lián)

8、詞為名、代、形容三大類詞 若完整，則從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞為副詞、連詞3 據(jù)句意及關(guān)聯(lián)詞區(qū)別及各自獨(dú)特功用，判定到具體哪個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞以定從為例（從定義到解題到注意事項(xiàng)）定語(yǔ)從句1概念：以從句的形式出現(xiàn)來(lái)修飾限定（限定性）或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明（非限定）名詞或代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)叫定語(yǔ)從句，或叫形容詞性從句2功能：（一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)中的）修飾限定語(yǔ).3構(gòu)成：由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)而成4位置：位于被修飾的名詞或名詞成分之后5關(guān)系詞的分類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞6關(guān)系詞的功能：1）替代先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分；2）引導(dǎo)從句，連接主句和從句She has two sons，both ofare in the university. A. them B. wh

9、omWe sing highly of the sun that rises east every morning.7關(guān)系代詞：物which/that/as關(guān)系副詞：時(shí)間when人 who/whom/that地點(diǎn) where物主 whose（先行詞 +whose+n）原因（the reaso n） why關(guān)系詞的選擇問(wèn)題（解題）:1）判斷從句中是否缺了主干部分（主，賓,表,定，介賓）,缺了就填入關(guān)系代詞把句子補(bǔ)充完整,不缺就填關(guān)系副詞.2）把先行詞還原到它本來(lái)在從句中的位置.3）關(guān)鍵在于判斷從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物I miss the dayswe spent togetherlast ye

10、ar. I miss the villageI was born.I miss the villageI came to the city from. I miss the villageI lived in10 years.I miss the villageI lived 10 years. I miss the villageI visitedlast year.8關(guān)系代詞在從句中的主干成分問(wèn)題：17 17 17 17 .12 3 4主語(yǔ):Do you know the girl that/who is talki ng with the director?賓語(yǔ):I like the f

11、lowers（which/that ） you bought for me very much.表語(yǔ):He is not the man that he was 3 years ago.介賓:The window （which/that ） I often watch the sea out of was made by my dad.9有時(shí)盡管先行詞是物，但我們只能用which/that 中的一個(gè).只用that的情況：1）關(guān)系代詞是不定代詞 all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one etc.We sh

12、ould do allis useful to the people. There is nothingcan be said aboutit.Do you mean the onewas bought yesterday.2）先行詞被 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, just, very等修飾時(shí)The only thingwe can do was to wait. You can take any seat _ is free.This is one of the booksI bought yesterday. He is the onl

13、y pers on that/（who）I want to talk to .3）先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)When we talk about Han gzhou, the firstcame to our mind is the Westlake.4）先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高記級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the bestwe can be done now.5）先行詞既有人又有物 The director and his movieyou have just talked about is reallypopular.6）主句是 there be 結(jié)構(gòu) There is still a s

14、eatis free.7）在雙重從句中，其一已經(jīng)用了 which,另一個(gè)用thatHe built up a factory which produced thingshad n ever bee n see n before.8)先行詞是主句表語(yǔ)，或關(guān)系詞本身是從句表廠My hometow n is no Ion ger the placeis used to be.9) 當(dāng)句中已有 who時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。例如:Who is the man that is talking to John?10) 用作關(guān)系代詞，修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞如day, time, moment 等，代替wher。例如：I

15、t happe ned on the day that/whe n I was born.只用Which的情況：1) 介賓結(jié)構(gòu)中：Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?2) 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中:His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.3) 雙重從句中，其一已用了 that,另一個(gè)用which4) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后帶有插入語(yǔ)Here is the book which, as I have told you, will help youa lot.10當(dāng)先行詞是人，只選whc情況1) 先行

16、詞是(the)one,(the) ones, anyone, those， he, ect.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.2) 在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中 There is a gentleman who wants to see you.3) 當(dāng)先行詞后有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)I met a foreig ner in the park yesterday after noon who could speak Chin ese very well. 11限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限定性：限

17、定先行詞的意思和圍，不可省，和主句關(guān)系密切 非限定：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可省，和主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi).12考試重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：1) 先行詞是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)注意關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇.(按所做成分定)2) which 和that的選擇及who和 that的選擇3) 非限定從句中 who/which as/which 的選擇4) 一些復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)：A 介詞或介詞短語(yǔ) +which/whom/whose+n.I will remember your kind words, from which I find my belief.I must say tha nks to you, from whom I ha

18、ve lear nt a lot.I miss the cottage, out of whose window I used to watch the sea.B 數(shù)詞 one, two, three etc代詞 a lot, a number, many, much, all, either, neither, each, several, some, few,little, mostThe old lady had two sons, both of whom were killed in the war.I have many books, few of which are in En

19、 glish.The old lady, both of whose sons were killed in the war, lives a Ionely life.C what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句和that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句what= the things (that)=all the thin gs (that)she did what she could to help her son. She did all (that) she could to help to her son.What I have are books. =All the things I have are books.=

20、The things that I have are books.D關(guān)系副詞和介賓結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 ：后者更明確，對(duì)介詞的要求很嚴(yán)格.I remember the day whe n I met her. I remember the dayon which I met her.E 一些易錯(cuò)問(wèn)題：在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的賓語(yǔ) ：Some of the boys I invited(them) did not come.定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 ：She is one of the teachers whospeak French.Sheis the only one of the teacher

21、s who speaksFren ch.省掉了在從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞：Childre n who/that eat a lot of sugar get badteeth.定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的關(guān)系畐U詞或介詞:The house where he lives in n eeds repairi ng.5) which和as作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句，其先行項(xiàng)是主句或主句的謂體部分的情況。 whichThey say he plays truants,which he doesn t. Thingsthen improved, which surprisesme.Jack exploded

22、a firecracker duri ng a less on, as a result of which he was suspe nds fromschool for a week.The plane may be several hours late, in whichcase there s no point on our waiting.She has married aga in, which was un expected.Which引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。.asAs作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以置于先行項(xiàng)-即它所依附的主句-之前，之后，或其間主語(yǔ)之后，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。譯作“正如?！保?/p>

23、表同主句一致的真實(shí)性，從句常是以下形式：As everybody kno ws/As you may remember/As you say/As I can see/As I have saidAs I m told /As you may have heard/As is said above/As is mentioned aboveAs is reported in the n ewspaper/As is ofte n the caseAs在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)（這時(shí)謂動(dòng)只能是be動(dòng)詞或其它系動(dòng)詞）Jane , as you said/ as was said, is a lia

24、r. As you said/ as was said, Jane is a liar.Jane is a liar, as you said/ as is said.She is extremely popular among the stude nts, as is com mon kno wledge.She has married aga in, as was n atural./was expected.She has married again, which delighted us.（ as 不作動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)）She has married aga in, *as was un

25、 expected. which was un expected.（與主句意義不一致）2004年全國(guó)高考定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí).5.6.7.（全國(guó)卷 23 題）The English playmy students acted at the New Years party was agreat success. A. for which B. at which C. in whichD. on which（卷 34 題）is reported in the newspapers, talks between thetwo countries aremak ing progress.A. I

26、tB. As C. ThatD. What（廣西卷 28 題）The journey around the world took the old sailor nine mon ths,the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which卷 23 題）I work in a bus in essalmost every one is wait ing for a great cha nee.A. how B. which C. where D. that（卷 23 題）Ther

27、e were dirty marks on her trousersshe had wiped her han ds.A. where B. which C. whe nD. that（卷 23 題）Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , ofcourse , made the others envy him . A. who B. that C. what D. which（卷 33 題）is ofte n the case, we have worked out the product ion pla n

28、.A. Which B. When C. WhatD. As1.（卷 35 題）Any way, that eve ning, I ll tell you more about later,at Rachel s place. A. whenB. where（卷 40 題）A story goesElizabeth I of England liked nothing more that beingsurroun ded by clever and qualified n obleme n at court.A. whe nB. where C. what D. thatThe

29、 factory produces half a milli on pairs of shoes every year , 80% _are sold abroad . A . of whichB . which ofC .D. of thatThere wastimeI hated to go to school .A . a; that B . a; whe nC . the; thatD . the ; whe nThere are two buildi ngs ,sta nds n early a hun dred feet high .the larger B . the large

30、r of them C . the larger one that DC. what D. whichI en ded up stay ing（卷（卷35題）23題）25題） A larger of which 13 .12.（卷14.15.What surprised me was not what he said but .the way B . in the way that（卷 36 題）American womenusually identify talk freque ntly. A. who B. as C. about which （卷 26 題）George Orwell,（

31、卷29題）Ahe said it .C . in the way D . the their best friend as some one _ D. with whomrealA. the real n ame B. what his real n ame C. his real n ameof them.theway which they canwas Eric Arthur, wrote many politicalnovels and essays.n ameD. whoseKey 1-5CBACA 6-10DDDDA 11-15BDADD練習(xí)1. (1)Tom got the fir

32、st place,made his pare nts happy.(2)Tom got first place, andmade his pare nts happy.A. as B. which C. that D. this2. (1)is well known to all, the earth is round.(2)is well known to all that the earth is round.A. That B. with C. It D. As3. (1)kn ows the truth will tell you about it, I thi nk.A. Who B

33、. ThatC. No matter whoD. Whoever(2)Don t trust him,he says.A. what B. no matter what C. whatever D. B and C4. Which is the restaura ntyou once worked in your spare time?A.whichB.in which C.for whichD.in where5. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ofhadn t been cleaned forat least a yea

34、r.A.theseB.those C.thatD.which6. Do you likehe speaks to you?A. the wayB. the way in that C. the way whichD.the way of which7. The story brought the hours back to meI was taken good care of in that far-awayvillage.A. un tilB. whichC. duri ng whichD. where8. The scienee of medicine , progress has bee

35、n very rapid lately , is perhaps themost importa nt of all the scie nces.A.to whichB.in which C.whichD. with which9. Alec asked the policema n he worked to con tact him whe never there was an accide nt.A.with himB.whoC.with whomD.whom10. We are livi ng in an agemany things are done on computer.A.whi

36、chB.thatC.whoseD.whe n11. The gen tlema nyou told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.whoB.about whom C.whom D.with whom12.She likes to use wordsare clear to him.A.of which the meanings B.mea nings of which C.whose ofmeanings D.mea nings of whose13.G one are the daysthe worki ng people suffered from

37、 cold and hun ger.A.o n thatB.at whichC.whe nD.with which14.1s there a shop aroundI can get some fruit?A.whichB.whereC.itD.what15. It rained hard yesterday,preve nted me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it16. He is a manwe can lear n very much.A. of whom B. that C. of whoD. from whom

38、17. Have you seen the film Titanic,leading actor is world famous?A. its B. it sC. whose D. of which相似結(jié)構(gòu)(注意分析練習(xí))：1. (1) There are two boys in Peters, both of whom are white .(2) There are two boys in Peters, and both of them are white .2. (1) This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is wa

39、rm and wet(2) This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet3. (1) John is one of the students who know English.(2) John is the only one of the students who knows English.(3) One of the students knows English.4. (1) Here is such a heavy stone as I cant move.(2) Here is such a heavy stone tha

40、t I cant move it.5. (1) As is known to us all , the light on the earth is given by the sun.6.17.(2) It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun(1) The sun is bigger than the moon, as we all know(2) The sun is bigger than the moon, and we all know i

41、t .(1) Was it October 1, 1949when the Peoples Republic of China was founded(2) Was it on October 1, 1949that the Peoples Republic of China was founded(1) ni never forget the days that/ which I spent with him .(2) ni never forget the day when I was born(1) Hefailed in the exam again,as was expected .

42、(2) Hefailed in the exam again,which was not what he had expected(3) Hefailed in the exam again,which made his parents angry(1) I believed the man who I thought was honest.(2) I believed the man whom I thought to be honest.(1) On may 5we reached Beijing, where we stayed for a week .(2) On may 5we re

43、ached Beijing, and there we stayed for a week.(1) Give me the reason why you are late.(2) The reason that he gave us was unacceptable.(1) The n ews that he told me is true.(2) The news that he will come back from the U. S. is true(1) The house whose roof was damaged has now bee n repaired(2) The hou

44、se the roof of which was damaged has now bee n repaired(1) This is the same key as I lost yesterday.(2) This is the same key that I lost yesterday.(1) Whoever breaks the law will be puni shed.(2) Who robbed the bank is not clear.(1) He failed in the exam aga in(2) He failed in the exam aga in(3) He

45、failed in the exam aga in,as was expected ., which was not what he had expected, which made his parents angry八. 名從高考題練析1. ( 02) There s a feeling in mewe ll never know what a UFO is -not ever.A. that B. which C. of which D. what2. (02) Perseveranee is a kind of quality-and that sit takes to do anyth

46、ingwell.A. that B. what C. which D. why3. (04) It was with great joyhe received the n ews that his lost daughter hasbee n found. A. because B. which C. since D. that引申1) It was at 8:00he came here. 2) It was 8:00he came here.3) It s 8 hourshe came here. 4) It ll be 8 hourshe comes here.5) It s the 8

47、 th timehe(come) here.6) It s timehe(come) here (every day).7) Scientistssay it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicineon huma n patie nts. (04.)A. that B. before C. whe n D .si nee E. what4. (咼考示例題)(91咼考)(引申)It s gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhen or she wants .

48、A . however B . whatever C. whichever D . whe never引申復(fù)合關(guān)系詞what whatever whichever whoever whomever1. (01 . 全國(guó))A computer can only doyou ordered it to do .A .what B. which C. that D. after2. you do has nothing to do with me.A. No matter what B. How C. Whatever D. However3 .Good stude nts always pay a

49、tte nti on tothe teacher says in class.A .whe n B. why C .what D .how4 .That warm hearted woma n ofte n helpsis in trouble.A .who B .whom C .whomever D .whoever5. Can I sit in the front row?Yes, you can takeseat you like.A .whatever B .what C .whichever D .which6 . （04 滬春）The other day, my brother d

50、rove his car down the street at I thoughtwas a dan gerous speed.A .as B .which C .what D .that5.Does he like to have tea or coffee ?It is unknownshe would like to have .A. how B. as C. that D. which6 It s known to usthere is pollution ,there is harm .A . that B . where C . what D . that where7 （04.

51、大聯(lián)考）A man s worth lies not so much inhe has buthe is .A .what ,who B . what , what C . that ,that D .what ; all8. Loud on city is not at alla traveler who has n ever see n the desert ,before canexpect .A. what B . that C . which D . where9 .（04 全國(guó)） Several weeks had gone byI realized the painting wa

52、s missing .A . as B . before C . since D . whe n10 .（98 全國(guó)）（改）I likewhe n she kissed me .A . that B . it C . this D . her11. Eatyou like and leave the others forcomes in late. （2000春）A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever12. What the doctors really doubt is my mother

53、will recover from the serious diseasesoon.A. whe n B. how C. whether D. why （2001春）13. she couldn t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her less ons.A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that（2001）14. is no possibilityBob will win the first prize in the match. （20

54、01春）A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether15. I nformatio n has bee n put forwardmore middle school graduates will be admittedinto uni versities. （2001） A. while B. that C. when17. fashion differs from country to countryone aspect.A. What B. That C. This D. Which （200218. When y

55、ou an swer questi ons in a job in terviewAlways give the mon key exactlyhe wantsA . what B . which C . when D. thatD. asmay reflect the cultural differences from春）,please remember the golden rule :.2002 春19. It is pretty well un derstoodcon trols the flow of carb on dioxide in and out theatmosphere today. 2003 春 A. that B. when C. what D. how20. There is a new problem involvedin the popularity of private cars road conditionsneed.A. that; to be