新編大學(xué)英語第一冊第9課-Final答案

1、Unit 9 Holidays and Special DaysUseful Information Holidays are special times of respite from work and other routines. In some cases, they are legal holidays when stores, businesses and government offices are officially closed. In other cases, they are celebrated without taking time off from work. H

2、olidays are often times for celebration, revelry, eating, drinking, travel, and family gatherings, but they may also be times of rest and reflection. The current trend is away from rest and reflection. Even Mardi Gras (大齋首日的前一天，直譯為“油膩的星期二”), the day before the traditionally reflective period of Lent

3、 (大齋期), has turned into an entire week of parties, parades, and merry-making for those who make the annual pilgrimage to New Orleans, for example. In most cultures the scheduling of holidays originally was related to the seasons, the lunar cycle, and religion. Christmas (December 25) celebrates the

4、birth of Jesus, but it is not actually known when Jesus was born. The first Roman emperor to espouse Christianity decided to have Christmas when the days are shortest to bring a spirit of optimism to the long winter months. It also helped bring Christianity to the pagans, who were accustomed to havi

5、ng festivals at the winter solstice, encouraging warmth and sunshine to return. Over the years Christmas has come to symbolize goodwill and generosity for both Christians and non-Christians through the personification of Santa Claus, originally a Christian saint, known as St. Nicholas. Nowadays Rudo

6、lph the red-nosed reindeer is almost as important a global symbol of Christmas as Jesus or Santa and the commercialization of Christmas for some people threatens to replace generosity with greed. Few people remember that the original Christmas gifts were given with generosity and humility by the Thr

7、ee Wise Men, all pagans, to Jesus, a Jewish child born in a manger (馬槽). All they think of are the gifts they will give or receive, and all the money they have spent. One reason for the increasing popularity of Christmas is its proximity to New Years Day, permitting a long holiday to evolve out of b

8、oth. In the U. S. the holiday has turned into an extended holiday season, lasting from Thanksgiving Day in late November until New Years Day, with a seemingly endless array of parties, dinners, concerts, parades, and vacation trips. The schools and colleges are closed from mid-December through early

9、 January when many people eat too much, drink too much, and watch too much American football on TV. Many gifts, cards, and annual letters are exchanged, and the various festivities are not always very restful. Then the same people make New Years Resolutions to eat less, drink less, spend less, and w

10、ork harder in the coming year. Christmas is by far the most important holiday in English-speaking countries. Other important holidays in addition to Thanksgiving and New Years Day are Valentines Day, St. Patricks Day, April Fools Day, and Easter. On Valentines Day, celebrated on February 14, people

11、give cards, chocolates, flowers, and kisses to their spouses and sweethearts. On St. Patricks Day, March 17, people wear green to celebrate the luck of the Irish, and eat corned beef and cabbage, and may drink green beer. During Easter Week in late March or early April, Christians remember the death

12、 and resurrection of Jesus while Jews celebrate Passover, in memory of the escape of the Jews from ancient Egypt, where they had been slaves. Although it is not actually a holiday and has no religious connotation, April Fools Day, celebrated on April 1, is a day when people play embarrassing tricks

13、on their friends and colleagues and even on their teachers. Another holiday with some similarity to April Fools Day is Halloween on October 31, when children wear funny or scary costumes and ask their neighbors for “tricks or treats”. The name Halloween means “hallowed evening”, the night before All

14、 Saints Day when Christian saints are honored. On the following day, All Souls Day, services and prayers are said for the dead. In many countries, it is a day when families visit cemeteries and place flowers on the tombs of their relatives. In Europe, Labor Day is celebrated on May 1, whereas in Can

15、ada and the United States, labor and laborers are honored by a legal holiday on the first Monday in September.Part One Preparation1. Holiday Words（教師用書第四次印刷版本的答案圖中：1）豎行第12行的CANDY一詞多圈了個A。2）向右上斜的SANTA少圈了個A. 第一次印刷版本的答案圖中：豎行第12行的CANDY一詞多圈了個A。）The message is: Seasons greetings to first year students.2. R

16、eading a Rhyme1) It might be a child who is between 7-12 years old when he/she is losing his/her baby teeth.2) Making a wish.3) Samples:I wish all dreams would come true.I wish I could watch a live NBA game.I wish I could travel around the world.I wish to have a large company of my own someday.I wis

17、h my parents to be healthy and happy every day.I wish luck would always be with me.More information:The rhyme is quoted from a song. The following is the words of the song: All I Want for ChristmasIs My Two Front TeethDon GardnerAll I want for Christmas is my two front teeth,My two front teeth, see

18、my two front teeth.Gee, if I could only have my two front teeth,Then I could wish you Merry Christmas.It seems so long since I could say,Sister Susie sitting on a thistle.Gosh, oh gee, how happy Id beIf I could only whistle.All I want for Christmas is my two front teeth,My two front teeth, see my tw

19、o front teethGee, if I could only have my two front teeth,Then I could wish you Merry Christmas.3. What is this special day? STEP ONEBetween midnight on/of 31 March and noon on/of 1 April each year, some peculiar things can happen. You may find your egg at/for breakfast is simply a shell; you may be

20、 told you have won a fortune by an unfamiliar voice on the telephone; or the neighbor kids might knock on/at the door and say theres an elephant in your backyard.STEP TWO 1) Its April Fools Day. 2) People play tricks on each other. The common tricks are: Tell someone there is a letter for him while

21、there is none. Call someone at midnight. When someone is tricked, people say: “April Fool”. Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingI. Pre-Reading Sample:1) Christmas is a holiday when people celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. Jesus was born in Bethlehem in ancient Judea (古巴勒斯坦的南部地區(qū)).

22、No one knows exactly when Jesus was born. The year 1 A.D., from which most modern calendars are dated, is supposed to be the year of his birth, but historians now know that he was actually born several years before that time. No one knows the exact date of his birth either, but Christians have celeb

23、rated it on December 25 since the fourth century. Christianity, the major religious faith in the United States, is based on the teachings and life of Jesus Christ. There are about one billion Christians worldwide. They believe in Jesus ideas of equality, care for the weak, forgiveness, and love and

24、kindness to all. The spirit of Christmas is the spirit of caring for and sharing with others.2) Christmas celebrations are characterized by decorating the house and Christmas tree, feasting, buying and sending gifts and cards, family reunion etc. The most popular Christmas customs are:Exchanging gif

25、ts.Receiving toys from Santa Claus.Hanging a stocking near the chimney.Decorating the home with evergreens.Singing Christmas carols.Sending Christmas cards.Christmas performances like The Nutcracker (胡桃夾子，芭蕾舞劇，由俄國作曲家柴可夫斯基作)and Christmas Carol (圣誕頌歌，英國作家Charles Dickens 創(chuàng)作的小說).II. Passage ReadingWords

26、, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. sip away (l.7) The word “away” is used to emphasize a continuous or repeated action. e.g. Sue is singing away to herself in the bath. He would often be working away on his computer late into the night. 2. come to (l.14) The phrase means “begin to do something, espe

27、cially to have a particular feeling or opinion about someone or something as a result of time or experience”. e.g. In time you may come to like it here. Thats the kind of behavior weve come to expect from him. Youve come to mean a lot to me.3. suppose (l.16) The word “suppose” has several meanings:

28、1) have a duty or responsibility to do something 常用被動語態(tài) 期望，認(rèn)為應(yīng)該 e.g. Were supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 oclock. Youre not supposed to drive on the left side of the road. 2) consider something to be likely 料想，猜想，以為 e.g. He found it a lot more difficult to get a job than he supposed it woul

29、d be. I had always supposed that he was honest. 3) used when talking about a possible condition or situation, and then imagining the result 假定，假設(shè) e.g. Look, suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do? Suppose that your husband gave you a check of $15,000, wouldnt that be worth a hug?4. a

30、time when (l.17) when 在此處是關(guān)系副詞，用在表示時間的先行詞如time, day, year之后。 e.g. There had been a time when she thought they were wonderful. People are still talking about the historic events of several years ago, when man took his first walk in space. 5. whatever (l. 45) 這里相當(dāng)于no matter what。whatever 為書面語，no matte

31、r what 多用于口語。 e.g. No matter what you may do, you must do it well. Whatever difficulties you meet, you have to go on. 課內(nèi)閱讀參考譯文快樂的圣誕節(jié)還再吃嗎？帕特里克布倫頓1 你可能知道“MERRY”有兩層意思：快樂和醉酒。如果你像許多英國人那樣，那么你的圣誕節(jié)將會是一個喝酒的而不是宗教的節(jié)日。從十二月初直到一月份的第一周結(jié)束整個圣誕節(jié)期間，你會花很長時間與朋友、親戚和同事喝酒。無論身處酒館喧鬧友好的氣氛中，還是置身于安寧舒適的他人家里，你都會一小口一小口地喝個不停。2 如果圣誕

32、節(jié)前夕在皮卡迪利或牛津大街上走，你就會看到大把大把的錢花在電子游戲、瓶裝烈性酒、昂貴的服裝、激光唱片、磁帶、照相機(jī)以及大量的奢侈品上，花費(fèi)之多令人難以置信。如果圣誕節(jié)前夕，到倫敦東區(qū)幾個鎮(zhèn)的主要街道上走一走，你就看不到（有人）大把大把地花錢買禮品。假如你有錢或者你不怕負(fù)債，你就會加入到圣誕節(jié)所體現(xiàn)的炫耀性消費(fèi)的行列中去。如果你沒錢，你會感到傷心失望，因為你不能給心愛的人你想給的禮物。3 圣誕節(jié)應(yīng)該是對他人表示愛心和良好祝愿的時候。它應(yīng)該是為那些沒有我們那么幸運(yùn)的人做善事的時候。然而，當(dāng)我們坐下來吃圣誕大餐的時候我們想過別人嗎？當(dāng)然沒有。我們正忙于品嘗圣誕節(jié)的美味佳肴。我們正忙著想知道我們送給別

33、人的禮物是與別人送給我們的一樣好，還是比他們送的更好。我們忘了顧及那些生病的和無家可歸的人。整個圣誕節(jié)基本上喪失了基督精神這一概念我相信如果基督看到在以他的名義進(jìn)行這樣的慶祝活動一定會很痛苦。4 因此，我反對過圣誕節(jié)我同意斯克魯奇的看法：“這全是掛羊頭賣狗肉?！比绻覀冞€要繼續(xù)以這種鋪張浪費(fèi)、愚昧無知的方式慶祝的話，那么讓我們誠實一點，就把它叫做“吃喝周”讓我們剝掉虛偽的假裝，去說什么圣誕節(jié)是“表達(dá)良好祝愿的時節(jié)”。 讓我們正視它吧，圣誕節(jié)是一個失去了原來意義的節(jié)日。不僅僅為小孩？林恩奈特5 最近，一個涉世頗深的婦女羞怯地告訴我，她把所有的禮物一直存到圣誕節(jié)的早上，然后坐在床上打開禮物，就像個

34、孩子一樣。她原認(rèn)為我會笑話她，說她很傻。但事實上，我非常高興能碰見一個與我一樣對待圣誕節(jié)的人。6 如今許多人對待圣誕節(jié)的態(tài)度不同了。他們認(rèn)為這只是店主們賺大錢的時候，也是每個人到處奔波，買他們不愿意送的禮物和不想吃的食物的時候。但他們難道已經(jīng)與自己的童年如此疏遠(yuǎn)，以至于忘了所有美好的事情？7 首先，圣誕節(jié)使你擺脫日常生活的軌道。對孩子們來說，在裝飾品掛起來的前幾周，樂趣已經(jīng)開始了，隨著12月25日的臨近，激動的氣氛越來越濃。8 在圣誕節(jié)期間，對大家來說，人與人之間似乎都要比平時友好得多。當(dāng)你在交通燈處停下來的時候，你可以把頭伸出車窗外說：“圣誕快樂”。人們會微笑著給予回應(yīng)。在平時大概你是很難想

35、到會這樣做的。這或許是因為大部分人在度假，或者因為每個人都知道他們正在分享同一種經(jīng)歷。 如果你早早就把禮物準(zhǔn)備起來，而且真的想好把適當(dāng)?shù)亩Y物送給適當(dāng)?shù)娜?，送禮也是一件非常令人心滿意足的快事。9 說實在的，不管店主從圣誕節(jié)中得到什么盈利，圣誕節(jié)還是一個“神圣的日子(holy day)”?！肮?jié)日(holiday)”這個詞就是從“神圣的日子”來的， 它使人們有時間停下來，花一會兒工夫認(rèn)真地想一想其非商業(yè)的價值。III. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Scanning for Specific InformationForAgainst1) It is fun

36、 for children.2) It gets you out of the usual routine.3) People are friendlier.4) Giving presents can be very satisfying.5) One can concentrate on non-commercial values. 6) It is a time to pause and reflect.7) The preparations, like decorating the house, are fun.8) It is a time to be with friends.9)

37、 There are all kinds of delicious foods.10) Its a holy day.1) It is an unchristian, and purely alcoholic occasion.2) It is a waste of money.3) People dont think about others who are less fortunate. 4) It is a wasteful and thoughtless ceremony. 5) Its all “humbug” or hypocritical.6) People eat too mu

38、ch or eat food they dont want.7) Its disappointing for poor people who cant afford to spend a lot of money.8) It is no longer a religious celebration, it has lost its meaning.2. Understanding Specific Information1) C 2) C 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C3. Questions for Group Discussion1) SampleThe subtitle “Mor

39、e Stuffing” is a play on words. The verb “to stuff” has several meanings, but there are two that come to mind at Christmastime. First, “to stuff” means to overeat (to eat too much); second, “to stuff a chicken or a turkey” means to put stuffing (a mixture of bread and seasonings) inside before it is

40、 cooked. So in this case, the subtitle “More Stuffing” means: “Do you want to stuff more into your stomach?” and “Would you like some more stuffing?” The latter is a polite question one would ask at the dinner table.The subtitle “Not Only for Children?” means that Christmas is not only a wonderful t

41、ime for children but also for adults. It can also help adults get out of the ordinary routine of life.2) Sample 1I agree with Patrick Brendan. I think Christmas is a waste of money. People buy so much food that they are not able to finish. They spend a lot of money on presents. All these lead to a l

42、ot of waste. When people indulge themselves with good food and beautiful clothes, they rarely think of those who are poor and less fortunate. Every year they celebrate Christmas in the same way, spending, eating, and drinking. The real meaning of Christmas has been lost in the commercialization. At

43、the same time, Christmas causes sickness and depression for those who cannot afford to buy what they need, not to say many luxury items.Sample 2I agree with Lynne Knight. After working all the year, people do need a time for relaxation and for family reunions. Christmas is just the time for these pu

44、rposes. When all the family members get together, eating the food they like and chatting with each other, presents are no longer important. It is love and friendship that people value most. It is also significant to have a holiday that celebrates kindness and goodwill to others. If people are too bu

45、sy to do something for others, Christmas will be the best time to show love and kindness. In addition, holidays that make children happy will make adults happy too.Vocabulary1. 1) A. childish (having a manner unsuitable for a grown-up 幼稚的，傻氣的)B. childC. childhoodD. childlike (of or typical of a chil

46、d, especially having a natural lovable quality 孩子般的，天真的) 2) A. Commercially B. commercial C. commerce D. commercials E. non-commercial 3) A. exciting B. excites C. excited D. excited E. excitements 4) A. satisfied B. satisfy C. satisfaction D. satisfying E. satisfactorily2. 1) B 2) B 3) A 4) A 5) A

47、6) B 7) ANotes:1) A. the way someone feels at a particular time, for example if they are cheerful or sad 精神狀態(tài) B. especially BrE a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky or brandy 烈酒2) A. being in the place 在場 B. thing given or received as a gift 禮物3) A. having a lot of experience in life, good judgme

48、nt about things such as art, fashion, etc. 有經(jīng)驗的，老練的 B. (of a machine, system, method etc.) that is very cleverly designed and very advanced and often working in a complicated way 先進(jìn)的4) A. n. the usual and normal way in which you do things 常規(guī)B. adj. usual, ordinary 常規(guī)的5) A. come near B. a way of deal

49、ing with a person or thing6) A. depend on B. move or bend your body in a particular direction7) A. no matter what B. any other(s) of a similar type3. 1) fried 2) boiled 3) steamed 4) roasted 5) baked 6) toastedfry: cook food in a pan that contains hot fat or oil 煎，炸boil: cook food in boiling water 在

50、水中煮沸steam: cook food in steam 蒸，煮roast: cook food by dry heat, either in front of an open fire or in a hot oven 烤，烘，炙bake: cook food in an oven （在爐中）烘，烤，焙toast: make (bread, cheese, etc) brown by holding it close to heat 烤（面包等）Translation1. The topic of the speech is announced a week in advance, but

51、 the name of the speaker is not.2. It seemed incredible that some students still played football before the exams.3. Mr. Auden is a happy man who derives pleasure from helping others.4. Two Americans shared last years Nobel Prize for Medicine.5. First of all Id like to welcome you to the meeting.6.

52、Im not accustomed to such luxury. Its a waste of money.7. The results of the exam will be put up on Friday afternoon.8. Some cruel experiments on animals are carried out in the name of science.After-Class Reading課外閱讀1參考譯文我為什么喜歡感恩節(jié)1 這些年來，我有機(jī)會把國內(nèi)所有的州幾乎都游了個遍，一直驚嘆我們國家豐富的人文景觀。我可以走出地鐵就進(jìn)入紐約市，也可以漫步在密執(zhí)安州的某個烏

53、飯樹農(nóng)場，或者在緬因州某個人跡罕至的海灘上挖蛤蚌。這些地方迥然不同，但都代表了我所熱愛的祖國大地。2 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們美國人有一個最大的共同點，那就是對待節(jié)日的方式。我們都熱愛節(jié)日。節(jié)日使我們有理由忘掉日常的慣例，去慶祝、去做值得回憶的事情。在所有節(jié)日中還有哪個能比感恩節(jié)更讓我們有機(jī)會這么做的呢？對我們大多數(shù)人來說，感恩節(jié)這個周末是一年當(dāng)中最長、最不受干擾的周末。是親朋好友再相聚的最佳時節(jié)，也是所有節(jié)日當(dāng)中最具美國特征的節(jié)日，因為它是慶祝350多年前早期移民來這兒定居的節(jié)日。3 對我來說，感恩節(jié)讓我想起了人生中最讓我感動、讓我充滿感激之情的所有事情。有來自土地和收獲季節(jié)的淳樸之美，有從耕作中獲得的滿

54、足感，還有感恩節(jié)本身的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗回到馬里蘭州和弗吉尼亞州綠色山巒間的老家，品嘗美味的食品，分享過節(jié)的儀式。4 我記得，我的祖父母在馬里蘭州的弗里蘭附近有一個農(nóng)場。盡管我現(xiàn)在不常去那兒，但那里曾經(jīng)一度是我生活的中心。第一次在那個農(nóng)場過感恩節(jié)時，我才五歲。我還記得那頓飯：碩大的烤火雞，鮮紅的越桔醬，許多現(xiàn)做的極好吃的土豆泥，還有我們家最喜歡的南瓜餡餅和蘋果餡餅，散發(fā)著調(diào)料的香味。那天晚上，我們圍坐在客廳里，盡情歌唱。我們稱之為“為晚餐而唱”。直到今天，每逢感恩節(jié)，在我們斯各特家里還為晚餐而唱。我們總喜歡唱那首“我們歡聚一堂”。5 在我們斯各特家里，感恩節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)從未削弱過，只是稍稍改變了一點。盡管我現(xiàn)

55、在住紐約市，但我年年都在農(nóng)場過感恩節(jié)。只不過不是在我祖父母的農(nóng)場，而是在弗吉尼亞州我自己的農(nóng)場。我妻子和我都喜歡烹調(diào)，我們盡量在節(jié)日里另外做一些特別的食物。除了我們傳統(tǒng)的家庭美食，我們還增加了用模子制成的西紅柿色拉，內(nèi)容豐富的紅薯沙鍋，還有美味無比的椰子柑橘色拉。但是，不管我們的菜譜有多大的改變，不管我們現(xiàn)在是用烤鵝還是烤火雞，還是用南方的薄殼山胡桃餡餅代替了蘋果餡餅，我們那份感恩節(jié)的情愫依然不變。其實，感恩節(jié)的宗旨就是提升生活、增進(jìn)友誼、親密關(guān)系和家庭團(tuán)結(jié)。每個和我們分享感恩節(jié)晚餐的人都成了我們的朋友，而每個朋友又都成了我們家的榮譽(yù)成員。6 我真的相信自己能夠清楚地記得（感恩節(jié)晚餐的）種種滋

56、味，縷縷香氣，我們快樂地歌唱時那每一個稍稍走調(diào)的音符，記住所有這一切的一切，就是沒必要記住所有那些感恩節(jié)都去了哪里。隨著年齡的增長，感恩節(jié)的這些慶?；顒铀坪醵既谶M(jìn)了我最美好的一組回憶。我將永遠(yuǎn)記得，感恩節(jié)是我們吃美食、唱老歌、與家人朋友分享愛的時刻。愿你們也擁有同樣的快樂！課外閱讀2參考譯文愚人節(jié)1 如果有火星來客在4月1日翻看一份份報紙的話，一定會感到奇怪：為什么人類知識上最了不起的突飛猛進(jìn)都發(fā)生在3月31日，正好趕上第二天的報道。（幾年前，德國寶馬汽車的制造廠家在英國的報紙上為他們的一款汽車做廣告，說這種汽車只有在確認(rèn)了駕駛座上坐的是汽車主人自己時才會發(fā)動。）當(dāng)然，那是因為4月1日是愚人節(jié)

57、，是傳統(tǒng)上開玩笑的日子。2 沒有人確切知道愚人節(jié)源于何時、何因。但是，在歐洲和亞洲的一些國家里，這個節(jié)日已經(jīng)有幾百年的歷史了。毫無疑問，在十八世紀(jì)初葉，愚人節(jié)已經(jīng)在英國和法國得到確認(rèn)。3 近來，中國也開始分享愚人節(jié)的快樂。1993年，通常作風(fēng)嚴(yán)肅的中國青年報刊登了一整版的愚人節(jié)玩笑。其中一篇文章說，中國一個家庭只生一個孩子的政策有了重大變化，允許有博士學(xué)位的知識分子生第二胎。該消息如此有說服力，以至于法國的一家報社采用了這則報道。同一版面上的另一條消息則稱，利比亞領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人卡扎菲上校需要聘請一位中國女保鏢，年齡在23歲至25歲之間，有大學(xué)學(xué)歷，精通武術(shù)（這則消息很難讓人質(zhì)疑，因為卡扎菲確實有女保鏢）。然而，并不是每個人都喜歡這些愚人節(jié)的玩笑，于是，中國青年報后來不得不在第一版道歉。4 在英國， 4