名詞,動(dòng)詞的變化

1、更多免費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)資料，歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)：考試筆記一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)1. 規(guī)則變化 一般在名詞后加s,變成復(fù)數(shù).girl girls, pen pens 以 s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的，在后面力卩 es. clas classes, fo foxes, brush brushes, watch watches.（注意 stomach 的復(fù)數(shù)為 stomachs.） “以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,y變?yōu)閕,然后再加es. baby babies. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞英語(yǔ)中共有100多個(gè)，其中直接加s的有92個(gè)，但這些絕大 多數(shù)不常用，如safe, roof, belief等；把f或fe改為v,再加es的

2、只有13個(gè)，但13 個(gè)都是常用的名詞，如 thief, life, wife, shelf, self, knife, half, leaf, wolf 等. 以o結(jié)尾的名詞，除有生命的“兩人兩物”Negro, hero, tomato, potato等少數(shù)在后面力卩es夕卜,一般是在后面直接加 s.如kilo kilos, photo photos, zoc zoos,radio radios, pia no pia nos, video videos.2. 不規(guī)則變化man menwoma n wome n policema n policeme nfootfeetgooses geese

3、 tooth teethchild childre nmouse mice二、動(dòng)詞變?nèi)龁危ㄒ话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)）注意一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。標(biāo)志詞：always,usually,ofte n,sometimes,everyveek（day,year,m on th,）, oncea week 1. 一般的直接加s work works2. 以 s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的力卩 esteach teaches gogoes 3以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞詞尾加d, livelives4.以輔音字母加 丫結(jié)尾的把y變i加es e.g： study studies三、動(dòng)詞過去式（一

4、般過去時(shí)） 注意一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)； 過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的 動(dòng)作、行為；標(biāo)志詞： ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,lastweek,last（year, ni ght,mo nth）,in 1989,just no w,at the age of 5,one day, long ago ,onceupon a time.1. 規(guī)則變化 一般情況下 ,動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -ed, workworked playplayed wantwanted askasked 以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞 ,動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -d, livelived m

5、ovemoved tastetasted 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y改成i,力卩-ed, study studies try tried carry carried 重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed,如：stop stopped permitpermitted2. 不規(guī)則變化 A-A-A 型（現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞同形）cost cost cost花費(fèi)cut cut cut 割，切hit hit hit 打let let let 讓put put put 放下read read reactshurt hurt hurt 傷 A-A-B 型（現(xiàn)在式和過去式同形）beat b

6、eat beaten丁 A-B-A 型（現(xiàn)在式和過去分詞同形）come came come來become became becom變r(jià)un ran run 跑 A -B -B 型i 在動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)輔音字母 d 或 t 構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。burn burnt burnt 燃燒learn lear ned/lear nt lear ned/lear n 學(xué)習(xí)mean meant mean意思hear heard hear（聽見ii把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“ d”改為“ t”構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞build built built 建筑lend lent lent 借給lose lost

7、lost 失去send sent sen送spe nd spe nt spe n 花費(fèi)iii 其他pay paid paid 付lay laid laid 下蛋say said said說bring brought brought 帶來buy bought bought 買think thought thought 想catch caught caught抓住teach taught taught教fight fought fought 戰(zhàn)斗sleep slept sleptkeep kept kept 保持sweep swept swept掃sta nd stood stooc站un der

8、sta nd un derstood un dersto o明白win won won 得勝shine shon e/sh ined shon e/sh ine發(fā)光feel felt felt 覺得find found found 發(fā)現(xiàn)get got got 得到hang han ged/ hung han ged/ hun絞死，掛have had had有hold held held 盛，握l(shuí)eave left left 離開make made made制造meet met met 遇見sell sold sold 賣shoot shot sho射擊tell told told 告訴smel

9、l smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，聞sit sat sat坐 dig dug dug 挖 A-B-C 型（現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞都不相同）i在動(dòng)詞原形后加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞。eat ate eater!吃 fall fell fallen 落下steal stole stolen偷give gave given 給freeze froze froze n 凍結(jié)take took take n 拿see saw seen看見write wrote written 寫ride rode ridden 騎drive drove driven 駕駛throw th

10、rew thrown 拋，扔blow blew blown 吹grow grew grown 生長(zhǎng)know knew known 知道fly flew flown 飛draw drew drawn 拉，繪畫show showed shown展示ii過去式加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞。speak spoke spoken說話break broke broke n 破碎，折斷wake waked/ woke waked/ waken醒choose chose chose 選擇forget forgot forgotten 忘記iii變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“ i”分別為“ a”(過去式)和“ u

11、”(過去分 詞)。beg in bega n begun開始ring rang rung 按鈴sing sang sung唱sink sank sunk 沉swim swam swum 游泳drink drank drunk 飲iv 其他不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化。be(am,is) was/ were been是be(are) were been是do did done 做go went gone 去lie lay lain 躺wear wore worn 穿四、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）注意現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生或者存在的狀態(tài)，標(biāo)志詞 : now, right now, at thismome nt

12、, look, liste n, watch out1 一般情況下 ,直接在動(dòng)詞后加 ingwork f workingsleep f sleepingstudy f studying2 動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾 , 要去 e 加 ingtake ftaking make f making dance fdancing3 重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞 ,要雙寫詞尾字母 ,再加 ingcutf cutting put f putting begin f beginning4以一ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把變成y再加一inglief lying tie f tying die f dying五、形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則（最高級(jí)-er變-est, more變most即可）1一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在后面加-er；（1）單音節(jié)詞smallfsmaller shortfshortertallftallergreatfgreater（ 2）雙音節(jié)詞cleverfcleverernarrowfnarrower2 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較在原級(jí)后加-r;largeflargernicefnicerablefabler 3在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音元音輔音）中 ,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母 ,比較級(jí)加-