計算機技術基礎課程設計圖書館管理系統(tǒng)C程序課程設計

1、 湖南文理學院課程設計報告 課程名稱： 計算機技術基礎課程設計 系 部： 電 氣 工 程 系 專業(yè)班級： 姓 名： 學 號： 指導教師： 完成時間： 2010年6月25日 報告成績： 評閱意見： 評閱老師： 評閱時間：圖書館管理系統(tǒng)c程序課程設計一、設計目的通過本項課程設計，可以培養(yǎng)獨立思考、 綜合運用所學有關相應知識的能力，能更好的鞏固c語言程序設計課程學習的內容，掌握 工程軟件設計的基本方法，強化上機動手編程能力，闖過理論與實踐相結合的難關！更加了解了c語言的好處和其可用性！同時增加了同學之間的團隊合作精神！更加也體會到以后在工作中團隊合作的重要性和必要性！通過c語言課程設計，使學生了解高

2、級程序設計語言的結構，掌握基本的程序設計過程和技巧，掌握基本的分析問題和利用計算機求解問題的能力，具備初步的高級語言程序設計能力。為后續(xù)各門計算機課程的學習和畢業(yè)設計打下堅實基礎二、設計要求在功能上功能盡量模擬windows操作系統(tǒng)中的圖書館管理體制，系統(tǒng)界面不做強制要求。 三、程序功能分析：圖書館管理系統(tǒng)是根據(jù)學校圖書館對書籍、員工、學生等方面管理與記錄的需要。由c語言編寫的一個多功能模塊化的程序，其中包括圖書檢索（查閱圖書）、借閱圖書、還書及管理系統(tǒng)四項大的模塊，其管理系統(tǒng)又包括圖書管理系統(tǒng)、職員管理系統(tǒng)以及學生管理系統(tǒng)三大模塊，分別對圖書、管理人員、借書人員進行詳細的記錄與管理，包括圖書

3、的增加與刪除、職員的增加與刪除、借書卡的新加與刪除，以及各項有關數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計，資料的修改和備份等功能。操作簡單，查找方便，修改迅速，普遍適合圖書館的管理，可大大減少人工管理的工作量，提高工作效率。該軟件將圖書館管理系統(tǒng)程序中的多中功能劃分為多個模塊，每個模塊單獨編輯，經(jīng)過整合共同發(fā)揮功能。各函數(shù)多級調用，程序層次清晰，便于讀取個修正。 有關本軟件的具體功能分塊可參考“圖書館管理系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)結構圖”（附錄一）所示內容。四、定義數(shù)據(jù)結構及相關解釋： （1）在圖書館管理系統(tǒng)中，各模塊功能系統(tǒng)之間構成的數(shù)據(jù)結構關系為非線性數(shù)據(jù)結構的樹結構。（2）樹結構：每一個結點只有一個前件，稱為父結點。沒有前件的結點只有

4、一個，稱為樹的根結點，簡稱樹的根。在圖書館管理系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)結構圖中“圖書館管理程序”為根；在樹結構中，每一個結點都可以有多個后件，他們都稱為該結點的子結點，沒有后件的結點稱為葉子。例如，在圖書館管理系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)結構土中“增加圖書”、“刪除圖書”、“修改圖書”、“書籍統(tǒng)計”為“圖書管理系統(tǒng)”的子結點，也是該樹結構的葉子。（3）圖書館管理系統(tǒng)樹結構的度為4，深度為4。（4）詳細可見“圖書館管理系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)結構圖”（附錄一）。五、軟件的模塊劃分：根據(jù)對圖書館管理系統(tǒng)功能分析的情況，現(xiàn)將圖書館管理系統(tǒng)源程序做如下模塊劃分：(1) main() 主函數(shù) 圖書館系統(tǒng)程序主函數(shù)；(2) chabook() 函數(shù) 查

5、閱圖書功能函數(shù)；(3) lendbook() 函數(shù) 借閱圖書功能函數(shù)；(4) huanbook() 函數(shù) 還書系統(tǒng)功能函數(shù)；(5) addbook() 函數(shù) 增加圖書功能函數(shù)；(6) delbook() 函數(shù) 刪除圖書功能函數(shù)；(7) changebook() 函數(shù) 修改圖書資料功能函數(shù)；(8) bookcount() 函數(shù) 書籍統(tǒng)計功能函數(shù)；(9) addemploy() 函數(shù) 增加職員功能函數(shù)；(10) delemploy() 函數(shù) 刪除職員功能函數(shù)；(11) changeemploy() 函數(shù) 修改員工資料功能函數(shù)；(12) employcount() 函數(shù) 員工統(tǒng)計功能函數(shù)；(13)

6、addcar() 函數(shù) 申請新卡功能函數(shù)；(14) delcar() 函數(shù) 刪除卡號功能函數(shù)；(15) lendcount() 函數(shù) 借書統(tǒng)計功能函數(shù)；(16) carcount() 函數(shù) 卡號統(tǒng)計功能函數(shù)；注：(2)(16)為自定義功能函數(shù)，通過main()主函數(shù)調用實現(xiàn)其功能。六、各功能模塊編寫內容詳細情況及調試。（1）數(shù)據(jù)類型的定義。 在定義數(shù)據(jù)類型時，由于一項統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)所需要的數(shù)據(jù)類型多樣，如：職工統(tǒng)計時，編號、年齡為int型，名字、性別、級別為char型。所以在定義變量類型時采用結構體類型。如： struct student /*定義學生類型，用于存放借出的書籍*/ int carnu

7、m; char lendbook10; student1000; struct employ /*定義職工類型*/ int employnum; char employname15; int employage; char employsex2; char employleve10; long int employtage; employ50; struct book /*定義書的類型*/ int booknum; char bookname10; char bookcreat10; int turefalse; /*用于借書和還書模塊判斷一本書是否借出的條件*/ book1000; stru

8、ct car /*借書卡的數(shù)據(jù)類型*/ int carnum; char studentname10; int studentclass; car100;（2）函數(shù)的命名和庫函數(shù)的使用。 a.函數(shù)命名是遵循標識符的命名規(guī)則，并且要盡量做到顧名思義的效果。如：lendbook() 為圖書借閱函數(shù)。 b.庫函數(shù)使用時要提前聲明（#include 等）用到的函數(shù)必須包括在庫函數(shù)或者已自定義的函數(shù)中，否則編譯出錯。 c.函數(shù)調用時要注意形參和實參數(shù)據(jù)類型的對應。 （3）函數(shù)結構和功能實現(xiàn)。 a. 查閱圖書函數(shù)“chabook()”b 借閱圖書函數(shù)“l(fā)endbook()”c. 還書系統(tǒng)函數(shù)“huanbo

9、ok()” 注： 以上的三個功能函數(shù)為圖書館管理系統(tǒng)的查閱、借書、還書等主要功能函數(shù)，其中主要運用字符串比較，定義指針變量，輸入輸出等多種函數(shù)和操作實現(xiàn)其對外界輸入內容進行處理功能以及防止出錯的備份功能。 d. 管理系統(tǒng)中的各個模塊函數(shù)的功能實現(xiàn)基本都依靠與以上三中函數(shù)類似的編輯方法編寫。主要通過以下結構實現(xiàn)對應功能。 for循環(huán)結構 對使用者輸入內容與內部資料內容進行核對。 switch選擇結構 對使用者所選擇的項目進行判斷并調用對應的函數(shù)。 if-else選擇結構 配合for循環(huán)核對內容的正確與否選擇對應的操作。 while 、do-while循環(huán)結構 條件判斷并進行對應的操作。 e. 具

10、體功能函數(shù)源程序的編輯內容見后文的圖書館管理系統(tǒng)源程序。 七、源程序內容及調試結果。 （1）源程序#include #include #include #include #include #define stack_init_size 10 #define ok 1 #define true 1 #define false 0 #define error 0 struct student /*定義學生類型，用于存放借出的書籍*/ int carnum; char lendbook10; student1000; struct employ /*定義職工類型*/ int employnum; c

11、har employname15; int employage; char employsex2; char employleve10; long int employtage; employ50; struct book /*定義書的類型*/ int booknum; char bookname10; char bookcreat10; int turefalse; /*用于借書和還書模塊判斷一本書是否借出的條件*/ book1000; struct car /*借書卡的數(shù)據(jù)類型*/ int carnum; char studentname10; int studentclass; car1

12、00; huanbook() /*還書函數(shù)*/ file *fp,*fp2; /*定義兩個文件指針，fp2用于修改數(shù)據(jù)時設立臨時文件用，防止數(shù)據(jù)遭破壞*/ int i,n; int carnum; char lendbook10; printf(write down your car number n); scanf(%d,&carnum); fp=fopen(car.txt,r); /*讀取卡號記錄*/ for(i=0;fread(&cari,sizeof(struct car),1,fp)!=0;i+) /*for循環(huán)判斷卡號是否存在*/ if(cari.carnum=carnum) /*

13、卡號存在，進入下一循環(huán)*/ n=i; fclose(fp); printf(write down the book name n); scanf(%s,lendbook); fp=fopen(record.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&studenti,sizeof(struct student),1,fp)!=0;i+) /*判斷是否借閱了輸入的書*/ if(strcmp(studenti.lendbook,lendbook)=0) /*借閱了該書，進入下一循環(huán)，否則出錯顯示*/ fclose(fp); fp=fopen(record.txt,r); fp2=fopen(bo

14、okl.txt,w); for(i=0;fread(&studenti,sizeof(struct student),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(strcmp(studenti.lendbook,lendbook)=0) continue; /*刪除還掉的書的借書記錄*/ fwrite(&studenti,sizeof(struct student),1,fp2); /*寫入原來沒還的書的記錄*/ fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fp=fopen(record.txt,w); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&studenti,

15、sizeof(struct student),1,fp2)!=0;i+) fwrite(&studenti,sizeof(struct student),1,fp); /*將借書記錄信息寫回*/ fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fopen(bookl.txt,w); /*清臨時文件的記錄*/ fclose(fp2); fp=fopen(book.txt,r); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp)!=0;i+) /*將書的記錄寫入臨時文件，防止因為修改信息破壞以前的記錄*/

16、 if(i=n) booki.turefalse=1; fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2); /*將還的書的原來狀態(tài)設為無人借閱的*/ continue; fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fp=fopen(book.txt,w); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2)!=0;i+) fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct boo

17、k),1,fp); /*將臨時文件寫回*/ fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fopen(bookl.txt,w); /*清臨時文件*/ fclose(fp2); printf(you have give the book back! press any key return !n); getch(); return; printf(you has never borrow this book! press any key return!n); /*出錯提示*/ fclose(fp); getch(); return; printf(can not find his car!

18、press any key teturn !n); /*出錯提示*/ fclose(fp); getch(); lendcount() file *fp; int i,n=0; fp=fopen(record.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&studenti,sizeof(struct student),1,fp)!=0;i+) printf(car number：%d name of the lent book：%s n,studenti.carnum,studenti.lendbook); n=n+1; fclose(fp); printf(now here are %d b

19、ooks has been lentn,n); printf(press any keyn); getch(); chabook() char ch5; do printf(-welcome to tushuguan！-n); printf( 1：n); printf( 2：n); printf( 0：n); printf(write 0-2,others error！n); scanf(%s,&ch5); switch(ch5) case 1:findbook();getch();break; case 2:printf(find by author n);getch();break; ca

20、se 0:break; default:printf(error n);getch();break; while(ch5!=0); lendbook() file *fp,*fp2; int i,n; int carnum; printf(write down your car number :n); scanf(%d,&carnum); fp=fopen(car.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&cari,sizeof(struct car),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(cari.carnum=carnum) n=i; fclose(fp); printf(write dow

21、n the book name n); scanf(%s,studentn.lendbook); fp=fopen(book.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(strcmp(booki.bookname,studentn.lendbook)=0) if(booki.turefalse=0) printf(sorry this book has bean lent outn);fclose(fp);getch();return; else fclose(fp); fp=fopen(record.txt

22、,a+); studentn.carnum=carnum; fwrite(&studentn,sizeof(struct student),1,fp); fclose(fp); fp=fopen(book.txt,r); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(strcmp(booki.bookname,studentn.lendbook)=0) booki.turefalse=0; fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2); con

23、tinue; fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fp=fopen(book.txt,w); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2)!=0;i+) fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fopen(bookl.txt,w); fclose(fp2); printf(successed press any

24、 key return!n); getch(); return; printf(cannot find this book n); fclose(fp); getch(); return; printf(cannot find your car number !n); fclose(fp); getch(); carcount() file *fp; int i,n=0; fp=fopen(car.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&cari,sizeof(struct car),1,fp)!=0;i+) printf(number %dn,i+1,cari.carnum,cari.

25、studentname,cari.studentclass); n=n+1; fclose(fp); printf(now here are %d books!n,n); printf(press any key!n); getch(); delcar() file *fp,*fp2; int i; int carnum; char choice; fp=fopen(car.txt,r); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); printf(write the number of the car that to delete!n); printf(this car number wi

26、ll be deleted or there has that number first!n); scanf(%d,&carnum); for(i=0;fread(&cari,sizeof(struct car),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(cari.carnum!=carnum) fwrite(&cari,sizeof(struct car),1,fp2); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); printf(are you sure to delete this car?y/nn); scanf(%s,&choice); if(choice=y|choice=y) fp=f

27、open(car.txt,w); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&cari,sizeof(struct car),1,fp2)!=0;i+) fwrite(&cari,sizeof(struct car),1,fp); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); fclose(fp2); printf(press any key to returnn); getch(); return; else printf(press any key to return n); getch(); retur

28、n; addcar() file *fp; int i=0; fp=fopen(car.txt,a+); printf(write down your car number n); scanf(%d,&cari.carnum); printf(write your name n); scanf(%s,cari.studentname); printf(write your class number n); scanf(%d,&cari.studentclass); fwrite(&cari,sizeof(struct car),1,fp); fclose(fp); printf(load su

29、ccessed! press any key to return n); getch(); changemploy() file *fp,*fp2; char employname10,choice; int i; fp=fopen(employ.txt,r); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); printf(write the name to change n); scanf(%s,employname); for(i=0;fread(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(strcmp(employi.employname

30、,employname)=0) printf(please write what you want to change n); printf(n,employi.employnum,employi.employname,employi.employage,employi.employsex,employi.employleve,employi.employtage); printf(1：employee numbern); printf(2：employee namen); printf(3：employee agen); printf(4：employee payn); printf(5：e

31、mployee degreenn); printf(please write 1-5:); scanf(%s,&choice); switch(choice) case 1: printf(write the new employee number n); scanf(%d,&employi.employnum); fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp2); break; case 2: printf(write the new employee name n); scanf(%s,employi.employname); fwrite(&emp

32、loyi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp2); break; case 3: printf(write the new age n); scanf(%d,&employi.employage); fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp2); break; case 4: printf(write the new pay n); scanf(%d,&employi.employtage); fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp2); break; case 5: printf(wr

33、ite the new degreenn); scanf(%s,employi.employleve); fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp2); defaut:printf(error!);break; continue; fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp2); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fp=fopen(employ.txt,w); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&employi,sizeof(struct employ

34、),1,fp2)!=0;i+) fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); fclose(fp2); printf(press any key to return n); getchar(); return; delemploy() file *fp,*fp2; int i; char employname10,choice; fp=fopen(employ.txt,r); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); printf(write th

35、e name to deleten); printf(the name has been changed or there has not the name first n); scanf(%s,employname); for(i=0;fread(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(strcmp(employname,employi.employname)!=0) fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp2); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); printf(are you

36、sure to delete ?y/nn); scanf(%s,&choice); if(choice=y|choice=y) fp=fopen(employ.txt,w); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp2)!=0;i+) fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); fclose(fp2); printf(press any key t

37、o return n); getch(); return; else printf(press any key to return n); getch(); return; employcount() file *fp; int i,n=0; fp=fopen(employ.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp)!=0;i+) printf(number %d the message is ：nn,n+1,employi.employnum,employi.employname,employi.employage,e

38、mployi.employsex,employi.employleve,employi.employtage); n+; fclose(fp); printf(there are %d employeesn,n); printf(press any key to return ); addemploy() file *fp; char choice=y; int i=1; fp=fopen(employ.txt,a+); while(choice=y|choice=y) printf(please write the employee numbern); scanf(%d,&employi.e

39、mploynum); printf(please write the employee namen); scanf(%s,employi.employname); printf(please write the employee agen); scanf(%d,&employi.employage); printf(please write the employee sexn); scanf(%s,employi.employsex); printf(please write the employee degreenn); scanf(%s,employi.employleve); print

40、f(please write the employee payn); scanf(%d,&employi.employtage); fwrite(&employi,sizeof(struct employ),1,fp); printf(do you want to write next？n); scanf(%s,&choice); printf(press any key to return n); fclose(fp); addbook() file *fp; int i=0; char choice=y; fp=fopen(book.txt,a+); while(choice=y|choi

41、ce=y) printf(write the no.%d numbern,i+1); scanf(%d,&booki.booknum); printf(please write the book namen); scanf(%s,booki.bookname); printf(please write the book name authorn); scanf(%s,booki.bookcreat); printf(press 1 or 0 1-yes 0-non); printf(please write the book zhuangtain); scanf(%d,&booki.turef

42、alse); fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); printf(do you want to write the next one?n); scanf(%s,&choice); fclose(fp); bookcount() file *fp; int i,n=0; fp=fopen(book.txt,r); for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(booki.booknum!=0&strlen(booki.bookname)!=0&strlen(booki.bookcrea

43、t)!=0) printf(the no.%d bookn,i+1,booki.booknum,booki.bookname,booki.bookcreat,booki.turefalse); n=n+1; fclose(fp); printf(now there have %d booksn,n); printf(press any key to return n); findbook() file *fp; char bookname10; int ture,i; fp=fopen(book.txt,r); printf(write the book name n); scanf(%s,b

44、ookname); for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(strcmp(bookname,booki.bookname)=0) if(booki.turefalse=1) printf(the messageof this book is：%d %s %s this book has not been lend n,booki.booknum,booki.bookname,booki.bookcreat); else printf(this book has been lent n);fclose(fp);return

45、; fclose(fp); return; printf(there has not this book n); fclose(fp); return; delbook() file *fp,*fp2; int i; char bookname10,choice; fp=fopen(book.txt,r); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); printf(please write the book namen); printf(the book has been deleted or there has not that name n); scanf(%s,bookname);

46、for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(strcmp(bookname,booki.bookname)!=0) fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); printf(are you sure to delete this book?y/nn); scanf(%s,&choice); if(choice=y|choice=y) fp=fopen(book.txt,w); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,r); for(i=

47、0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2)!=0;i+) fwrite(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); fclose(fp2); printf(press any key to return n); getch(); return; else printf(press any key to return n); getch(); return; changebook() file *fp,*fp2; char bookname10,choice; int i; fp=fopen(book.txt,r); fp2=fopen(bookl.txt,w); printf(please write the book name n); scanf(%s,bookname); for(i=0;fread(&booki,sizeof(struct book),1,fp)!=0;i+) if(strcmp(booki.bookname,bookname)=0) printf(你所要修改的書的資料如下，請