Unit 5 Music 單元語(yǔ)法精講練（原卷版）

1、【新教材】2019-2020學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)必修第二冊(cè)教材同步備課材料（人教版）Unit 5Music過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)(一)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)的概念：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征或狀態(tài)；位于_之后,如be, appear, look, get, become, turn, grow, feel, smell, touch, taste, remain, seem系動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去分詞之間一般表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。含有“ _”的意思。此時(shí)主語(yǔ)多數(shù)情況是人。 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)_關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞前可加quite, very, rather 等修飾詞。He wa

2、s _ when he passed the exam.當(dāng)他通過(guò)考試時(shí),他很興奮。He became _ in English.他變得對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣了。His father seems _ with his results.他父親似乎對(duì)他的成績(jī)很滿意。She is very_ at the news.她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息很驚訝。(二)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)都用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”,現(xiàn)在分詞表主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)/特征,含有“令人”之意；而過(guò)去分詞表主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),含“ _”之意。All of us were so_ at his absence. 我們所有人都對(duì)他的缺席感到非常

3、失望。 Climbing is _ and we are completely_ after a days climbing.（tire）爬山是累人的,爬了一天的山我們?nèi)祭蹓牧恕！军c(diǎn)津】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),它與主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系； 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),它與主語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系。He is _.（terrify）他很?chē)樔恕?(指他的長(zhǎng)相或舉動(dòng)令人害怕,主謂關(guān)系)He is _.(terrify) 他很害怕。 (指某人某物使他害怕,動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) 類(lèi)似常用的過(guò)去分詞有 interested, excited, surprised, puzzled, amused, confused, embarrassed, s

4、atisfied; 類(lèi)似常用的現(xiàn)在分詞有 interesting, exciting, surprising, puzzling, amusing, confusing, embarrassing, satisfying。(三)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),常常強(qiáng)調(diào)或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)；過(guò)去分詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。The store is now closed.(系表)商店現(xiàn)在關(guān)門(mén)了。The library is usually closed at 8：00 pm.(被動(dòng))圖書(shū)館通常晚上八點(diǎn)關(guān)門(mén)。The novel is well written.(系表)這部小說(shuō)

5、寫(xiě)得很好。The novel is witten by Lu Xun.(被動(dòng))這部小說(shuō)是魯迅寫(xiě)的。 (一)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本用法1過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的效用及位置(1)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),修飾_動(dòng)詞,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況,其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的_,即過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的：過(guò)去分詞與主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的_關(guān)系。Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.盡管這座房子是30年前(被)建造的,但它看起來(lái)很漂亮。(2)過(guò)去分詞作條件、原因及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常

6、放在_；作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在句末；作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在句末,有時(shí)也放在句首；作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在句首,有時(shí)也放在句末。_（see） from this aspect, the matter isnt as serious as people generally suppose.如果從這個(gè)角度看,事情并不像人們想的那樣嚴(yán)重。_ (surround) by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully.那位教授在學(xué)生的簇?fù)硐?興高采烈地坐在那兒。2過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)(1)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可轉(zhuǎn)換為when, while或after等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)

7、從句。Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last.After they _ many times, the problems were settled at last.討論多次之后這些問(wèn)題終于解決了。 (2)作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, once或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。Given more time, we could do it much better.If we _ more time, we could do it much better.多給我們點(diǎn)時(shí)間,我們會(huì)做得更好。 (3)作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可轉(zhuǎn)換為as, si

8、nce或because等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。_ down on the high way, his car was carried away by the police.As it was broken down on the high way, his car was carried away by the police.由于他的車(chē)在高速公路上壞了,于是被警察拖走了。 (4)作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可轉(zhuǎn)換為although, though或even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。_ by the climb, we continued our journey.Although we were exhausted b

9、y the climb, we continued our journey.我們雖然爬得很累,但仍然繼續(xù)我們的旅程。_Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.他盡管被對(duì)手打敗,但是從沒(méi)放棄任何希望。(5)作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如有連詞as if,就可轉(zhuǎn)換為as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句；若無(wú)連詞,則可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。He began to cry as if _ by a snake.He began to

10、 cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起來(lái),好像被蛇咬了。 (6)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Mrs Wu came in, followed by her daughter.Mrs Wu came in and she _ _ by her daughter.吳太太走了進(jìn)來(lái),后面跟著她的女兒。 (二)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的注意事項(xiàng)1過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)為了_,前面可帶有連詞,如：when, while, if, though, as if, unless, until等,以使句意表達(dá)得更清楚。Unless constantly repeated,

11、the English words are easily forgotten.這些英語(yǔ)單詞很容易被忘記,除非不斷重復(fù)(記憶)。When _ why she came here, the girl kept silent.當(dāng)有人問(wèn)她為何來(lái)這兒時(shí),那個(gè)女孩沉默不語(yǔ)。2過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)同樣如此),否則需加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),組成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。_ a chance, we can surprise the world.若給我們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),我們會(huì)讓世人驚奇。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes_ o

12、n the blackboard.(fix)他上課專(zhuān)心聽(tīng)講,眼睛緊盯著黑板。3有些過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)而重在描述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：lost (迷失的), seated (坐), hidden (隱藏的), lost/absorbed in (沉浸于), dressed in (穿著)等。_ in thought, he didnt hear the bell.（lose）由于陷入沉思之中,他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到鈴聲。 (三)過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1.邏輯關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于：兩者與所修飾的主句的主語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系的區(qū)別

13、。1） 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間組成邏輯上的_He went out, _ the door behind him. 他出去后將門(mén)隨手關(guān)上。Not _what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何辦是好,他去找父母幫忙。2） 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間組成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多給這個(gè)孩子一些鼓勵(lì),他本來(lái)會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好。Faced with difficulties,

14、 we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困難時(shí),我們必須設(shè)法克服。3） 部分過(guò)去分詞來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示“ _”,其前不用being。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：lost in（陷入某種狀態(tài)）、seated（坐著的）、hidden（躲著）、stationed（駐扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿著）、tired of（厭煩了）等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?所以他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。_ _thi

15、s beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于這個(gè)美麗的小鎮(zhèn),他不愿離開(kāi)它。2時(shí)間概念過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,或表示“ _”,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)“主動(dòng)”動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動(dòng)式(having been done)常和表示次數(shù)的短語(yǔ)及時(shí)間段(for+一段時(shí)間)連用,表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)“被動(dòng)動(dòng)作”,這種情況下不能用過(guò)去分詞替換,其它情況下通常被過(guò)去分詞所替換,使句式更簡(jiǎn)潔。

16、Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙,這篇文章不是很好。Reading carefully, he found something he hadnt known before. 他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了作業(yè),他就回家了。_(discuss) several times, the decision was finally made. 進(jìn)行了幾次討論后,終于做出了決定。注意：一般來(lái)說(shuō),不論是動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)、-i

17、ng分詞做狀語(yǔ),還是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的_。但是,有一些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)已經(jīng)游離出來(lái),成為單獨(dú)的短語(yǔ),在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。(1) exactly / honestly / frankly / generally speaking, 準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)不過(guò)去/ 老實(shí)地說(shuō) / 坦率地說(shuō) / 一般說(shuō)來(lái)。如：_, he got here at eight fourteen this morning. 準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō),今天早晨他是十八點(diǎn)十四分來(lái)到這里的。_, a snake wont attack a man unless it is bothered. 一般說(shuō)來(lái),蛇是不會(huì)進(jìn)攻人的除非你冒犯了它。(2

18、) judging from / by. 從 / 根據(jù)某東西判斷Judging by his accent, he is from Hunan. 從他的口音來(lái)判斷,他是湖南人。_ what he said, he is very honest. 從他所說(shuō)的話來(lái)判斷,它是很誠(chéng)實(shí)的。(3) providing / provided 假如 / 如果Providing he follows our advice, we can help him. 要是他按我們的建議去做,我們就能幫助他。_ he is free, he is sure to come. 如果他有空,他肯定會(huì)來(lái)。(4) consider

19、ing. 考慮到Considering he was just a little boy, we didnt punish him. 考慮到他還只是一個(gè)小孩,我們就沒(méi)有懲罰他了。_ it was late, we didnt discuss the question. 考慮到時(shí)間不早了,我們就沒(méi)有討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題了。(5) thinking of. 想到 / 考慮到Thinking of the environment we live in, the waste cant be thrown away around directly. 考慮到我們所生存的環(huán)境,廢物不能直接到處亂扔。 (6) tal

20、king of. 談到 / 說(shuō)到Talking of math, he became excited. 談到數(shù)學(xué),他就興奮起來(lái)了。此外,還有短語(yǔ)：o consideration 把某事考慮進(jìn)去；calculating roughly, 粗略地計(jì)算；supposing. 假定；to tell you the truth 實(shí)話告訴你；to be frank 坦白地說(shuō)；to begin with 首先要做的是；so to speak 可以這么說(shuō)；taken as a whole 從整體上來(lái)看；put frankly, 坦率地說(shuō)；given that 鑒于等。I.單句語(yǔ)法填空1_(

21、ask) what had happened, he lowered his head.2_ (leave) at home, John didnt feel afraid at all.3Some medicines, if wrongly _ (take), can kill a person. 4The teacher entered the classroom, _ (follow) by a group of students. 5 _ (bear)in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.6The girl me

22、t with an accident when crossing the road, _ (wound) in the head.7 _ (give) a few minutes, Ill finish it.8 _ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.5Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event_ (目標(biāo)) at raising public awareness about environmental protection.5_ (employ) by

23、 the company she longed for, the girl was very happy.II單句寫(xiě)作1 The little girl was _ _ reading a tale.(absorb)這個(gè)小女孩正在全神貫注地閱讀一篇故事。2._ _ the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. (choke)他被濃煙嗆了,幾乎不能呼吸了。3. _ _ a heavy rain, he was all wet.(catch) 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了。4. _ _ the noise in the night, the girl d

24、idnt dare to sleep in her room. (frighten)受到夜晚響聲的驚嚇,那女孩不敢睡在她的房間。5. _ _ itself in the room, the baby began to cry.(leave)當(dāng)被孤單地留在房間里時(shí),嬰兒哭了起來(lái)。6. _ _ he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. (ask)當(dāng)被問(wèn)及這件事時(shí),班長(zhǎng)說(shuō)這是他的職責(zé)。7. _ _ _ _, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. (approach)在黑暗中走近時(shí)。那些電燈顯得孤立而無(wú)意義。

25、8. _ _ _, the matter isnt as serious as people generally suppose. (see)如果從這個(gè)角度看,問(wèn)題并不像人們一般預(yù)料的那樣嚴(yán)重。9. _ _ _ _ , these seeds can grow fast. (grow)如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。10. _ _ _, the accident could have been avoided. (give)要是多加注意,那次事故就能避免了。III.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1.Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.When _ , Li Lei hurried home quickly. 2.Comp