《現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)》自考真題試題與答案解析

1、現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)自考真題試題與答案解析一、單選題 （共39題，共78分） 1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what _ is and how it works. A.langue B.linguist C.language D.learning 2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and inpidual sounds within that range as _. A.vowels B.consonants C.sounds D.s

2、peech sounds 3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is _. A. the internal structure B.morpheme C.the rpes by which words are formed D.word 4.The syntactic rpes of any language are _ in number. A.large B.small C.finite D.infinite 5.Bloomfield drew on _ psychology when trying to define the meanin

3、g of linguistic forms. A.contextual B.conceptualist C.behaviorist D.naming 6._ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered. A.Sentence meaning B.Utterance meaning C.The reference D.The meaning 7.Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, etc, originate from _. A.Mi

4、ddle English B.Old English C.French D.Norman French 8._ moves on a scale of the national language, dialects, and inpidual ways of communication. A.Language change B.Speech variety C.Speech variation D.Speech change 9.Lying under the skpl, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cell

5、s called _. A.nerve fibers B.nerves C.neurons D.cerebral cortex 10.By language acquisition is primarily the acquistion of the grammatical system of language, linguists mean that _. A.every specific rpe allowed by the grammatical system of a language must be acquired B.the phonological rpes must be a

6、cquired C.the syntactic rpes must be acquired D.the general principles that are fundamental to the grammaticality of speech must be acquired 11.I was writing a report last night; _ I wopd not have stayed up late. A. however B.otherwise C.therefore D.furthermore 12.He talked a lot about things and pe

7、rsons _they remembered in the school. A.which B.that C.whom D.what 13.Country life is better than city life _ it offers fresh air and noiseless environment A. in that B.as that C.as for D.in which 14.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. A.they had quarreled

8、 B.they have quarreled C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled 15._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B.This C.That D.It 16.I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we copd go over all the problems. A.spend B.save C.spare D.share 17.Younger children

9、are curious _ how things work ，and many of them want to take apart everything within their reach. A.of B.about C.at D.with 18._ for the free ticket, I wopd not have gone to see film so often. A.If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not 19.The other timing system belongs in our

10、internal clocks，which，left _，wopd tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm. A.behind B.alone C.out D.aside 20.The engineer _ my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom 21.There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of

11、daydreaming _ an excess of it. A.other than B.rather than C.in place of D.instead 22.The volunteers wopd rather go by train than _. A. to drive B.drive C.driven D.to be driven 23._ fine day it is today! A. How, such B.What a, very C.How, so D.What a, so 24.Children have a natural _ about the world a

12、round them. A. certainty B.capability C.cleverness D.curiosity 25.Johnson was _ unknown before running for the presidency. A. visibly B.visually C.vertically D.virtually 26.It is not decided _ the conference will be held. A. what B.which C.when D.that 27.The conclusion from the study is not definite

13、; it is just _. A. tentative B.valid C.technical D.thorough 28.I don t mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A.you to delay making B.your delaying making C.your delaying to make D.you delay to make 29.This is an important problem _ too few social scientists have researched. A. which B.t

14、hat C.into that D.into which 30.There is a deadlock(僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives _ to the other. A.a way B.way C.the way D.its way 31.These two alarm clocks are normally set together, but now they have been reset a few hours _. A.away B.alone C.apart D.aside 32.Weather _, we ll go o

15、ut for a walk. A. permitted B.permitting C.permits D.for permitting 33.The reply, when it finally came, was _ the negative. A. for B.into C.in D.with 34.He said that the group _ him a letter and asked him to go there for an interview. A. have written B.had written C.wrote D.wopd write 35.The thief t

16、ook away the woman s wallet without _. A. being seen B.seeing C.him seeing D.seeing him 36.It was a small place then compared to _ it is now. A. what B.which C.little D.few 37.If payment is not received, legal action will be our only _. A.aggression B.advantage C.alternative D.ambition 38.If you are

17、 walking away from a clock tower ，you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point _ it cannot be heard. A. which B.what C.where D.how 39.We _ go out to restaurants, but mostly we eat at home. A.occasionally B.relatively C.continually D.absolutely 二、判斷題 （共10題，共20分） 40.Linguists can concentrate

18、 on all the aspects of language at once. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 41.In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 42.A compound is the combination of only two words. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 43.Well-arranged sentences are considered grammatical sentences that are formed following a set of syn

19、tactic rpes. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 44.According to the principles-and-parameters theory, principles refer to highly abstract properties of grammar which are applied to language in general and which generate phrases and at the same time restrain the power of Move a, while parameters allow general principles to opera

20、te in certain restricted ways, according to which particpar grammars of natural languages vary. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 45.Searles classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 46.The pision of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconven

21、tional and not arbitrary. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 47.From the sociolinguistic perspective, a speech variety is no more than a dialectal variety of a language. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 48.Research findings have shown that language processing centers are situated in a single area of the left hemisphere. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 49.Empirical studies show th

22、at the process of SLA is a process of constructing and modifying rpes of communication. 正確 錯(cuò)誤 1、正確答案： C本題解析：語(yǔ)言的研究過程可以總結(jié)為：首先，要觀察某些語(yǔ)言材料，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)一些共性并對(duì)其加以總結(jié);其次，根據(jù)這些總結(jié)提出一些假設(shè)來解釋這些語(yǔ)言材料，然后再通過進(jìn)一步的觀察來驗(yàn)證這些假設(shè)的正確性;最后建立一套語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論來說明語(yǔ)言的本質(zhì)內(nèi)容以及這些語(yǔ)言是如何發(fā)揮作用的。 2、正確答案： D本題解析：在語(yǔ)言交際中占有一席之地、由人類的發(fā)音器官所發(fā)出來的聲音在數(shù)量上是有限的。這些范圍有限，但對(duì)人類交際活

23、動(dòng)意義重大、對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究?jī)r(jià)值不菲的聲音就是語(yǔ)言的音響媒介，凡是在這個(gè)范 圍內(nèi)的每個(gè)單個(gè)的聲音都叫做語(yǔ)音。 3、正確答案： B本題解析：正如音位是音系學(xué)研究中的基本單位一樣，詞素是形態(tài)學(xué)研究中的基本單位。 4、正確答案： C本題解析：對(duì)于任何一種自然語(yǔ)言，一套句法規(guī)則可以產(chǎn)生出無窮多的句子，也就是說，任何語(yǔ)言的句法規(guī)則都是有限的，而說話人能夠說出和理解的句子的數(shù)量是無限的。 5、正確答案： C本題解析：布龍菲爾德在試圖定義詞匯意義時(shí)采用了行為主義心理學(xué)觀點(diǎn)。 6、正確答案： B本題解析：話語(yǔ)意義基于句子意義，是句子意義在特定交際情景或者語(yǔ)境中的具體體現(xiàn)。也就是說，句子的話語(yǔ)意義依靠的是說該句子的

24、語(yǔ)境或情景。 7、正確答案： B本題解析：古英語(yǔ)可以追溯到公元 5 世紀(jì)中葉，當(dāng)時(shí)說英語(yǔ)的盎格魯一撒克遜人從北歐入侵了不列顛群島。英語(yǔ)中絕大多數(shù)基本單詞均來自古英語(yǔ)，比如 man, woman, Child, house 等。 8、正確答案： C本題解析：言語(yǔ)的變異總是以國(guó)語(yǔ)、方言以及不同的個(gè)體交際語(yǔ)言等形式來進(jìn)行。從社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度來看，一種言語(yǔ)變體無非是一種語(yǔ)言的方言變體而已。 9、正確答案： C本題解析：人的大腦位于頭蓋骨之下，平均包括 100億個(gè)被稱為神經(jīng)元的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞。每個(gè)神經(jīng)元至少和一千到一萬個(gè)其他的神經(jīng)元相聯(lián)系。這些神經(jīng)參與著數(shù)不勝數(shù)的微電路性質(zhì)的活動(dòng)。這些活動(dòng)使得感知、思維、交流

25、及其他類型的智力活動(dòng)成為可能。 10、正確答案： D本題解析：當(dāng)我們說語(yǔ)言的習(xí)得基本上是語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)習(xí)得的時(shí)候，我們并不是說語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的每一個(gè)具體的規(guī)則都需要習(xí)得。實(shí)際上，兒童習(xí)得的是使言語(yǔ)合乎語(yǔ)法規(guī)范所必需的一些具有普遍意義的規(guī)則。我們注意到，在生成話語(yǔ)時(shí)，兒童傾向使用普遍的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，而排斥個(gè)別的不規(guī)則的情況。 11、正確答案： B本題解析：我昨天晚上寫一個(gè)報(bào)告，否則我就不會(huì)熬夜了。考查副詞詞義選擇題。 A 然而，不過 B 否則，要不然 C 因此，所以 D 再者，而且 12、正確答案： B本題解析：things 和 persons 是先行詞 .當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人 ,

26、又表示物的名詞時(shí) , 其關(guān)系代詞要用 that 13、正確答案： A本題解析：A 在于，原因是，在方面 C. 關(guān)于，至于應(yīng)用舉例： I like the country better in that it is closer to nature. 我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，因?yàn)樗咏匀弧?14、正確答案： C本題解析：本題考查的是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。第二分句中因有否定副詞 never 提前，故應(yīng)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);第一分句中的 have been married 已限定了時(shí)態(tài)，據(jù)此可排除 D 項(xiàng)。 15、正確答案： D本題解析：為了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行詞 it 作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)放到

27、后面，尤其是 that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句往往用先行詞 it 作形式主語(yǔ)。此句也可以改寫為： That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 16、正確答案： C本題解析：譯文：我讓他騰出幾分鐘時(shí)間以便我們能一起仔細(xì)察看所有的問題。本題考查詞匯區(qū)分。 A .花費(fèi); B.節(jié)省; C.抽出 (時(shí)間 );D.分享。 17、正確答案： B本題解析：譯文：小孩子對(duì)事物是如何組成的很好奇，一些孩子總是想把他們夠得到的東西都拆開。此題考查短語(yǔ)搭配， be curious about 對(duì)好奇。 18、正確答案： C本題解

28、析：從本題后半句可以看出這是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句， 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用 “had +過去分詞”，如果將 if 省略，had 要位于主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成倒裝句， 故本題的答案是 C。Had it not been for the free ticket =If it had not been for the free ticket 。 19、正確答案： B本題解析：譯文：更不用說，另一個(gè)定時(shí)系統(tǒng)在我們的人體時(shí)鐘內(nèi)，它會(huì)使人保持在一個(gè) 25 小時(shí)的生理節(jié)奏上。此題考查關(guān)于 leave 的短語(yǔ)。 leave behind意為“留下， 放棄”，leave alone 意為“更不用說” 。 leave

29、 out 意為“遺漏，忽視”。 20、正確答案： D本題解析：with whom 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 .with whom 放在從句中即為 :my father works with the engineer 21、正確答案： B本題解析：rather than 而不是。 other than 不同于，除了; in place of 代替; instead 代替 22、正確答案： B本題解析：would rather 或 would sooner 的意思都是“寧愿” ，其后要求直接用動(dòng)詞原形。 如果后邊是 that 引導(dǎo)的從句，那么要求用過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的

30、動(dòng)作的某種愿望。應(yīng)用舉例： We would rather talk about football or the weather. 我們寧愿談?wù)動(dòng)嘘P(guān)足球或者天氣的話題。 I would rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天去。 I would sooner you had gone there too. 我寧愿你也去那里了。 23、正確答案： D本題解析：考查感嘆句和“ sothat”的用法。 24、正確答案： D本題解析：孩子們對(duì)他們周圍的事物有著天然的好奇心?？疾槊~詞義選擇題。 A 確定性， 肯定的事 B 能力，才能 C 精明，聰穎 D 好奇心，求知欲 25、正確答案： D本題解析：A 顯然，明顯地 B 外表上，直觀地 C 垂直地，直立地 D 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 26、正確答案： C本題解析：A 什么 B 哪一個(gè) C 什么時(shí)候 D (無詞義) 27、正確答案： A本題解析：A 不確定的、試探性的 B 正當(dāng)?shù)?、有根?jù)的、有效的 C 技術(shù)性的、專門技