四川省內(nèi)江市2014高考英語閱讀理解和完形填空訓(xùn)練Word版

1、四川省內(nèi)江市2014高考英語閱讀理解和完形填空訓(xùn)練（16）附答案 Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learn lng to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if cor rected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those ar

2、ound him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other peoples. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare (比較) their own performances with those of more s

3、killed people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made

4、 to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathemat ics or science, give him the answer book. Let him corr

5、ect his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time to such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he cant find the way to get the right answer. Let the chil dren learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to kn

6、ow what they know or do not know. 1. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by_ A. listening to skilled peoples advice B. asking older people many questions C. making mistakes and having them corrected D. doing what other people do 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：兒童學(xué)習(xí)技能的最佳方法是模仿他人所做的事情，篇首以語言習(xí)

7、得為例，說明兒童觀察、模仿、運(yùn)用的系列過程。 2. Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?- 2 - / 13 A. Give children correct answers. B. Allow children to make mistakes. C. Point out childrens mistakes to them. D. Let children mark their own work. 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：文章論述教學(xué)中教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)兒童自我發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題，而不應(yīng)該包辦代替。A、B、

8、D與文章觀點不符。 3. According to the writer, teachers in school should_. A. allow children to learn from each other B. point out childrens mistakes whenever found C. correct childrens mistakes as soon as possible D. give children more book knowledge 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：兒童應(yīng)相互學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)文章中相關(guān)信息(見第一自然段末)即可判斷正確答案。4. The passage

9、 suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are_. A. different from learning other skills B. the same as learning skills C. more important than other skills D. not really important skills答案：B 指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章陳述的觀點，學(xué)習(xí)語言與學(xué)習(xí)騎車規(guī)律上是一致的。5. The title of this passage could probably be_. A. Let Ou

10、r Teachers Stop Work B. Let Us Make Children Leam C. Let Children Correct their Exercises D. Let Children Learn by Themselves答案：D指導(dǎo)：主張兒童自學(xué)符合文章主題。*結(jié)束完型填空解題技巧及配套練習(xí) 1.首先要以很快的速度瀏覽全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看選項。瀏覽全文時要重點了解文中所敘述的人物、時間、地點、事件，即who，when，where，what。 完形命題的原則一般是第一句話不挖空，目的是使讀者進(jìn)入語境，因此一定要認(rèn)真閱讀這句話。 例如：Why is a s

11、pace left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?這句話從鐵軌之間的縫隙引出了問題。根據(jù)常識，文中內(nèi)容應(yīng)與熱漲冷縮的物理現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。2.根據(jù)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展選詞，確定所填的詞與文中哪個詞有關(guān)系以及動作是在什么場合發(fā)生的。3.試填之后將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查。(“字面譯、通邏輯、搞代入、全文譯”)具體操作中應(yīng)注意的問題1.看清上下文，找準(zhǔn)定位詞 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如：1)Some parts of the water

12、 are very shallow. But in some places it is very very_. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but的提示，所填入的詞應(yīng)與shallow相反，因此答案為A。2)Mrs ONeill asked_questionsand she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more and是一個并列連詞；either為副詞，用在否定句或否定詞后加強(qiáng)語勢，由此可以確定所填的詞也應(yīng)是一個否定意義的詞，因此答案是A。2.通順邏輯，尋求搭配 注

13、意固定的搭配，包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。例如：3.扎實基礎(chǔ)，搞清辨異Soon I heard a_like that of a door burst inand then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 選項中的四個詞都表示不同的聲音，但B，C，D項的三個詞都是指從嗓子里發(fā)出的聲音，而sound則表示各種各樣的聲音。因此答案是A。4.看清執(zhí)行者，確定所選詞And video cameras can be used to_peoples actions at

14、home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 句中動作的發(fā)出者是video cameras因此答案是C，意思是“記錄”。5.尋求上下邏輯，從容確定關(guān)系It has been many years since I was last in London_I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 根據(jù)句前的many years和句后的still remember答案應(yīng)選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but.6.了解生活常識，確定相關(guān)知識 在這樣的緊急

15、情況下，人們的第一個反應(yīng)是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī)，因此答案為D。 Passage *I was cleaning out an old box when an old card caught my eye : Queen City Casket Company . “What is it?” I wondered . I 21 it over . There, on the back in faded ink, was a hand-scrawled（手寫的） 22 . Immediately my mind traveled 23 many years . I was nine years old

16、, walking down the cold, wet streets of Springfield, with a bag of magazines on my shoulder . On my 24 that day, I came to that Company finally, whose owner, Mr Rader, had always taken me there to ask his workers 25 they wanted any magazines .Shaking off the 26 like a wet dog, I entered Mr Raders of

17、fice . After a quick glance he 27 me over to the fire-place . Noticing the 28 in the top of my 29 , he said, “Come with me !” pulling me into his 30 and drove me downtown. We pulled to a stop before a shoe store . Inside, a salesman 31 me with the finest pair of Oxfords I had 32 seen . I felt severa

18、l inches 33 when I got up 34 them . “ Wed like a pair of new socks too,” Mr Rader said .Back in his office, Mr Rader took out a 35 , wrote something on it, and handed it to me . With 36 eyes, I read, “Do to others as you would have them do to you.” He said affectionately （深情地）, “Jimmy, I want you to

19、 37 I love you”.I said good-bye, and for the first time I 38 the hope that things would be 39 . With people like Mr Rader in the world, there was hope, kindness and love, and that would always make a 40 .21AreadBthoughtCturnedDpassed22AaddressBlistCmessageDinformation23AforwardBsoCaheadDback24Aretur

20、nBroundsCtripDarrival25Aif onlyBhowCwhetherDwhy2009051526AdustBsweatCtailDrain27AledBfollowedCwatchedDcarried28AholeBmudCwaterDcover29AmagazineBshoeCsockDbag30AtruckBfactoryChomeDstore31AworeBfittedCshowedDcomforted32AeverBalreadyCneverDhardly33AhigherBtallChighDtaller34AforBwithConDin35ApenBpaperCc

21、ardDnotebook36AtearfulBunbelievableCcuriousDpuzzled37ArecognizeBknowCconsiderDexpress38AsensedBreceivedClostDgained39AmistakenBrightCall rightDpossible40AdealBfortuneCchoiceDdifference參考答案 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.C 25.C 26.D 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.A 31.B 32.A 33.D 34.D 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.D*結(jié)束閱讀理解-【細(xì)節(jié)理

22、解題】常見錯誤類型：(1)張冠李戴。把文章作者的觀點與他人的觀點混淆起來，題干問的是作者的觀點，選項中出現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點；或者題干問的是他人的觀點，卻把作者的觀點放到選項中去?；蛘呤沁x項的答案并非是題干中主語的行為或觀點，而是文中其他人物的行為或觀點。(2)擴(kuò)縮范圍。英語文章為了表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密，很注意對范圍的限定，有時通過加上almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等詞對文意加以限制，“擴(kuò)縮范圍”干擾法就是通過改變或去掉限制性詞語，將信息中的范圍、程度、色彩等改變，使該選項看似正確，實際上卻是錯誤的。(3)無中生有。干擾項往往是生活的基本常識和

23、普遍接受的觀點，但在原文中并無相關(guān)的信息支持點，這種選項的設(shè)置往往與問題的設(shè)問毫不相干。此外，干擾項也可能就是與所閱讀的文章內(nèi)容沒有任何聯(lián)系。(4)偷梁換柱。干擾項用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的單詞，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞匯，造成句意的改變。(5)文不對題。這類題最不容易辨別，選項中的描述與原文完全一致，確屬原文中的一個細(xì)節(jié)，這時要回到題干，看該選項是否能回答題干所提的問題。*結(jié)束閱讀理解-【推理判斷題】易錯點(2012四川高考，A篇)On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land，we watch the lines of rai

24、n move across the scene，the moon rise over the hills，and the stars appear in the sky.The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.Every window in our wooden house has a view，and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before.Each look reminds us wh

25、ere we are.There is space for our three boys to play outside，to shoot arrows，collect tree seeds，build earth houses and climb trees.Our kids have learned the names of the trees，and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation.As they tell all who show even a passing interest，maple(楓樹)makes t

26、he best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.The air is clean and fresh.The water from the well has a pleasant taste，and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink.Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water，they never say anything against

27、that.The seasons change just outside the door.We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars(楊樹)putting out the first green leaves of spring.The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears，and the wood frogs start to sing in pools aft

28、er being frozen for the winter.A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.41What can be learned from Paragraph 2?AThe scenes are colorful and changeable.BThere are many windows in the wooden house.CThe views remind us that we are in a wooden house.DThe lakes outside the windows are qu

29、ite different in color.【錯混透析】A推理判斷題。本段中提到，透過每扇窗戶都會看到一番風(fēng)景，森林和湖泊與一小時之前所見到的都不一樣。據(jù)此可知，作者身居的環(huán)境是多彩和變幻的。故選A項。42By mentioning the names of the trees，the author aims to show that_.Athe kids like playing in treesBthe kids are very familiar with treesCthe kids have learned much knowledgeDthe kids find trees us

30、eful learning tools【錯混透析】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段話中“Our kids have learned the names of the trees.”及“As they tell all.white pines are the best climbing trees.”可知孩子們已經(jīng)了解了關(guān)于樹的很多知識。故選C項。*結(jié)束 閱讀理解二、解題技巧1. 高考試題中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要是通過語句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來考查考生對英語語言的理解能力。解答這類題可用“尋找題眼”，即從問題入手，找到問題中的題眼，有針對性地掃讀短文，迅速鎖定相關(guān)詞句或信息點，然后尋找相關(guān)的同義或反義表述，圍繞主

31、旨深刻理解材料。2. 一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案，但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思。但正確選項應(yīng)當(dāng)與主旨相關(guān)聯(lián)。3. 如果問題中含有否定意義的詞語，如有not, except等，要特別留心，不要理解錯了，而選相反的答案。三、干擾選項的特點：1. 是原文信息，但是不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；2. 符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容；3. 與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，只是在程度或范圍上有些變動。細(xì)節(jié)理解題例1 【2008 重慶卷閱讀D篇】 Seeing a volcano erupt (噴發(fā)) is a wonderful experience, and you can real

32、ly feel the beat by climbing to the summit(山頂) of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua. Giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with many colorful hou

33、ses along its old streets that are turned into art-works during its Holy Week festival. No matter when you come to Antigua, you wont miss the Pacaya-tour companies.But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forwa

34、rd and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming. Hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit; the McKenney Cone(火山錐). Just as though you were going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lav