一、英語(yǔ)議論文寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)

1、；一、英語(yǔ)議論文寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn) 議論文通過(guò)議論或說(shuō)理來(lái)表達(dá)作者見(jiàn)解和主張.作者對(duì)某一問(wèn)題持有一種看法,為了使讀者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企圖說(shuō)服他人.高中英語(yǔ)議論文的寫(xiě)作要注意以下要點(diǎn): 1. 論點(diǎn)要鮮明、確切一篇議論文只能有一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)一般在開(kāi)頭提出，然后加以論證 2. 論據(jù)要充分、可靠一般是以事實(shí)為論據(jù)，也可以利用成語(yǔ)，格言，名人名言作為論據(jù) 3. 論證要嚴(yán)密、得法歸納法（induction）和演繹法（deduction）是議論文常用的論證方法歸納法的例子為基礎(chǔ)，從幾個(gè)例子和現(xiàn)象中，歸納出某種道理和看法例如：報(bào)紙是一種媒體（medium ），人們可以從中得到現(xiàn)代信息；電視是一種媒體，人

2、們也可以從中獲得信息；廣播也是媒體，人們同樣可以從中獲得現(xiàn)代信息因此我們可以得出結(jié)論，其他媒體，如網(wǎng)絡(luò)等，一定會(huì)給人們信息演繹法以一個(gè)或多個(gè)看法為基礎(chǔ)，從一般論斷，演繹到不同事例，再加以論述，最后再回到一般論斷上來(lái)例如：所有的媒體都可以給人們提供信息，網(wǎng)絡(luò)是媒體，因此人們可以從網(wǎng)絡(luò)中獲得信息在歸納中要注意使用的例子要充分，不能以點(diǎn)概面 二、 議論文的寫(xiě)作步驟: 1. 引言(introduction)由于英語(yǔ)作文受時(shí)間，字?jǐn)?shù)的限制因此，在引言段中作者就必須簡(jiǎn)單解釋要討論的問(wèn)題，并明白地亮出自己的觀點(diǎn)，如提倡什么，支援什么，反對(duì)什么 2. 主體段（main body）主體段是議論的過(guò)程，作者必須有

3、足夠的證據(jù)（adequate proofs）來(lái)論證自己的觀點(diǎn)一般可提出一個(gè)或兩個(gè)proofs, 并對(duì)此用一兩句話分別進(jìn)行闡述 3. 結(jié)論（conclusion） 結(jié)論段可以用一兩句話來(lái)結(jié)束文章同時(shí)要注意與引言段呼應(yīng)，但不能照搬前面的原話 例：課本高二上P78 第一封信 Tutorial center is helpful. I have studied at a tutorial center for two years. My command of English has improved considerably since I started this course. At my cen

4、ter, the fees are reasonable. My tutors are qualified teachers. I have been helped a lot by them. They are sincere and kind. One of my teachers was British. At first, I could not say anything to her. But later I learned how to communicate in English with a westerner. I think that the tutorial center

5、 has given me a lot of confidence in using English. 評(píng)注: 第一段提出論點(diǎn), 體現(xiàn)家教中心是helpful(段劃線部分) ,主體段分別從幾個(gè)方面(劃線部分)來(lái)闡述家教中心的確有幫助,結(jié)論段重申家教中心的作用(劃線部分),且語(yǔ)句表達(dá)與第一段中的不重復(fù). 三、議論文的寫(xiě)作模式 1. 議論文的類型 英語(yǔ)議論文根據(jù)命題特點(diǎn)，從形式上來(lái)看可分為如下類型: “一分為二”的觀點(diǎn)如“轎車(chē)大量進(jìn)入家庭后，對(duì)家庭、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)可能產(chǎn)生的影響” “兩者選一”的觀點(diǎn)如，期中考試作文題，“乘火車(chē)還是乘飛機(jī)” “我認(rèn)為”型如“你對(duì)課外閱讀的看法” “怎樣（how to）”

6、型如“怎樣克服學(xué)習(xí)中碰到的困難” 圖表作文通過(guò)閱讀圖表中的數(shù)字與項(xiàng)目得出一個(gè)結(jié)論或形成一種看法 按照高二上學(xué)期的寫(xiě)作要求，學(xué)生主要應(yīng)掌握兩種類型的議論文的寫(xiě)作在第種類型中命題涉及某一事物或現(xiàn)象的正反兩個(gè)方面：通過(guò)正反兩個(gè)方面的對(duì)比，得出結(jié)論是利大于弊，還是弊大于利論證要圍繞所要得出的結(jié)論來(lái)展開(kāi)，若利大于弊，則有利的一面要多闡述一點(diǎn)反之亦然 在第種類型中，命題要求在A或B兩者之間作一比較或選擇，兩個(gè)對(duì)象往往各有優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以結(jié)論部分有兩種情況： a. 要么支持A，要么支持B; b. A、B優(yōu)勢(shì)均難的割舍，只好依情況而定在結(jié)論部分說(shuō)清楚在什么條件選A, 在什么條件選B 下面重點(diǎn)介紹第、種類型議論文的寫(xiě)

7、作模式. 2. “一分為二”觀點(diǎn)的議論文模式 Introduction 第1段:Nowadays more and more people/plays an important part in. like everything else,has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows. Main body 第2段：Firstly,. Seco

8、ndly,In addition/Whats more 第3段: Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects/disadvantages are also apparent/obvious. To begin with; To make matters worse; Worse of all Conclusion 第4段: Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/advantages outweigh the negat

9、ive ones/disadvantages. Therefore 例文1. 看電視的利與弊 Advantages and disadvantages of watching TV Nowadays more and more people like to watch TV. So TV plays a very important part in our life. But watching TV has both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. Firstly

10、, you can expand your knowledge by watching TV. As we all know, learning things by TV is much faster than by listening to the radio or just by reading books. For it has colorful pictures as well as wonderful music. Secondly, you may know anybody you want to know such as famous singers, super stars,

11、scientists and so on. Whats more, you can go everywhere by traveling programs. Lets suppose, if you like traveling very much, but you have to work on weekends or holidays, you must be very sad. And now open your TV and itll take you to anywhere. Every coin has two sides. The disadvantages are also o

12、bvious. For example, watching too much TV can easily become short-sighted, especially for children and students. To make matters worse, some young students are keen on watching TV so that they give up their studies gradually. Through above analysis, I think watching TV is a way of studying, it is go

13、od for us to watch TV. But when we watch TV, we should make a plan otherwise watching TV will destroy our life. 例文2. 談?wù)劤鰢?guó)留學(xué)的利與弊 Where to attend a college Nowadays more and more young people are going to study abroad. Like everything else, studying abroad has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. G

14、enerally, the favorable aspects can be listed as follows. Firstly, they think by attending a college in a foreign country they can learn not only useful knowledge, but also the culture and customs of other nations. Secondly, they can take advantage of this opportunity to gain a good command of the f

15、oreign language they are learning very quickly. Moreover, they can meet different people and experience different cultures, which may help to broaden their views. Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. The costs are much higher than those in their native country. Most over

16、seas students have to work for a living, which cant allow them to pay all their attention to study. Whats more, they may feel very lonely. Through above analysis, we can see that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I am in favor of going abroad to study. 寫(xiě)作練習(xí)： 談?wù)勑７?（school un

17、iforms）. 提示：近年來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的中小學(xué)要求穿校服對(duì)此引發(fā)了學(xué)生中由對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的討論，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一片英語(yǔ)短文闡述你的觀點(diǎn) Reference: some of the main arguments for and against school uniforms. FOR 1.Students look neat and tidy. 2.The public knows which school you are from. 3.Parents all pay the same money. 4.Students dont worry about fashions. 5.Teachers can

18、 identify students on school trips. AGAINST1.Uniforms are expensive.2.Children grow fast, need new uniforms.3.Some uniforms are very uncomfortable.4.Students all look the same, cant be individuals.5.Get bored with same clothes every day.說(shuō)廣告（about advertisement）. 提示：有人說(shuō)廣告在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)是很重要，有人認(rèn)為廣告的促銷成分太多，你認(rèn)為 3

19、.“兩者選一”觀點(diǎn)的議論文模式 模式:A、B兩者優(yōu)劣勢(shì)分析,要么選A,要么選B. Introduction 第1段:Some people hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in many ways. Others, however, argue that (B) is much better. Personally, I would prefer (A) because I think (A) has more advantages. Main body 第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer (

20、A). The main reason is that Another reason is that(贊同A的原因) 第3段: Of course, choosing (B) also has advantages to some extent, (列出12個(gè)B的優(yōu)勢(shì)) Conclusion 第4段: But if all these factors are considered, (A) is much better than (B). from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that (總

21、結(jié)觀點(diǎn)) 例文: Which is better? Cars or bikes? Some people hold the opinion that private cars are superior to bicycles in many ways. Others, however, argue that the bicycle is much better. Personally, I would prefer the use of cars because I think cars have more advantages. There are many reasons why I pr

22、efer cars. The main reason is that cars bring convenience and mobility to the owners. Whats more, a car is far more comfortable to travel in, especially in the changeable weather. Another reason is that, when more people buy cars, the automobile industry will develop more quickly. The growth of the

23、automobile industry can motivate the rise of other related industries such as iron and steel production. Of course, bicycles can take you to anywhere you like in town and does not need a large parking place. Besides, it is not as expensive as a car and therefore every family can afford to buy. But i

24、f all these factors are considered, cars are much better than bicycles. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that people can live better with the use of cars. 模式: A、B優(yōu)勢(shì)相當(dāng),依情況而定,有條件地選擇A或B. Introduction 第1段:Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice betwe

25、en (A) and (B)? Before you make the decision, you had better make a close comparison. Main body 第2段：It is true that(選擇A的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一). It is also true that(選擇A的優(yōu)勢(shì)之二). But (選擇A的劣勢(shì)). 第3段: Though.(選擇B的劣勢(shì)), (選擇B的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一). Furthermore, (選擇B的優(yōu)勢(shì)之二). Conclusion 第4段: Therefore, if you, you should choose (A), but if you

26、, you should choose (B). (總結(jié)觀點(diǎn),提出建議) 例文: Listening to the radio or reading the newspapers? Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between listening to the radio and reading the newspapers? Before you make the decision, you had better make a close comparison. It is true that listening to the radio is quick and convenient. It is also true that we can listen to the radio while are doin