初中英語虛擬語氣知識與練習(xí)

1、虛擬語氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非事實，或不可能實現(xiàn)。三種一般用法：1 .與現(xiàn)在事實相反條件從句用一般過去式：were/did主句用 would/should/could/might + 動詞原形Eg: If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to seethe Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.2 .與將來事實相反條件從何用（1）. should+動詞原形（2） . 一般過去式：were/did（3

2、） . were to+ 動詞原形主句用 would/should/could/might + 動詞原形Eg: If you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.3.與過去事實相反條件從旬用過去完成時：had+過去分詞 主句用 would/should/could/might+ have doneEg: If I had arrived earl

3、ier, I would haveseen David.特殊用法：1. 倒裝If I were you, I would give up drinking. = Were I you, I would give up drinking.If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David.2. 有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor s advice, he would be

4、 quite all right now.（ if 從句是對過去的虛擬，主句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬）If I were you, I would have gone home.（ if 從句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，主句是對過去的虛擬） 其他用法：suggest， advise 等表示“要求” “建議”的動詞之后的賓語從句需用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest， advise， recommend ， demand， require ， insist， urge， request， order ，ask, move 提議，propose 等 + that (should)鎖詞原形(在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that 不可省略，

5、should 省不省略均可)Eg: He suggested that they (should) stop smoking.He made a request that they (should) stop smoking.需注意的是，*insist 有兩個意思，當(dāng)表示“堅持讓某人做某事”(命令口吻)時，that 從句用虛擬語氣，如： He insists that we (should) go home now. 當(dāng)表示 “堅持某種說法”時， that 從句用陳述語氣，如：He insists that he is right.*suggest 有兩個意思，當(dāng)表示“建議”時， that 從

6、句用虛擬語氣，如：I suggestthat we (should) go home now. 當(dāng)表示“暗示”時， that 從句用陳述語氣，如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.wish 的用法：現(xiàn)在的愿望：主句謂語動詞用wish wishes， that 從句謂語動詞用一般過去式I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。過去的愿望：wished， that 從句謂語動詞用過去完成式I wished I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I s

7、topped teaching.)對將來的愿望：wish wishes， that 從句謂語動詞用would could 動詞原形I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。注意： wish 與 hope 接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope 表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣；wish 表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用虛擬語氣。We hope they will come. (We don t know if they can come.)We wish they could come. (We know they are not comin

8、g.)as if, as though, would rather(that) 引導(dǎo)的從句需用虛擬語氣，如He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didn t tell him.It ' s (high) time (that)動詞過去式或should +動詞原形，如It s time (that) you had a haircut.It s high time (that) we took some action.練習(xí)：1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I the b

9、ook from which it was made.a. have read b. had read c. should have read d. are reading2. You are late. If you a few minutes earlier you him.a. come ; would meet b. had come ; would have metc. come ; will meet d. had come ; would meet3. The two students talked as if they friends for years.a. should b

10、e b. would be c. have been d. had been4. It is important that I with Mr. Williams immediately.a. speak b. spoke c. will speak d. to speak5. He looked as if he ill for a long time.a. was b. were c. has been d. had been6. If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not .a. have laid there for

11、two hoursb. have been lied there for two hoursc. have lied there for two hoursd. have lain there for two hours7. I wish that I with you last night.a. went b. could go c. have gone d. could have gone8. Let s say you could go there again how feel.a. will you b. should you c. would you d. do you9. I ca

12、n t stand him. He always talks as though he everything.a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known10. the fog we should have reached our school.a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. But for11. If you had told me in advance I him at the airport.a. would meet b. would had met c. would have met

13、d. would have meet12. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he me now.a. teaches b. will teach c. has taught d. would teach13. I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I so busy then.a. had been b. were c. was d. would be14. He s working hard f

14、or fear that he .a. should fall behind b. fell behind c. may fall behind d. would fallen behind15. If it another ten minutes the game would have been called off.a. had rained b. would have rained c. have seen d. rained16. He suggested that they use a trick instead of fighting.a. should b. would c. d

15、o d. had17. My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he there.a. not went b. won t gco. not go d. not to go18. I would have gone to the meeting if I time.a. had had b. have had c. had d. would have had19. Would you rather I buying a new bike.a. decided against b. will decide agains

16、t c. have decided d. shall decide against20. You look so tired tonight. It is time you .a. go to sleep b. went to sleep c. go to bed d. went to bed21. -Why didn t you buy a new car-I would have bought one if I enough money.a. had b. have had c. would have d. had had22. If she could sew .a. she make

17、a dress b. she would have made a shirtc. she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat23. today he would get there by Friday.a. Would he leave b. Was he leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves24. His doctor suggested that he a short trip abroad.a. will take b. would take c. take d. took25.

18、The Bakers arrived last night. If they odnly let us know earlier _at the station.a. we d meet thebm. we ll meet themc. we d have met thedm. we ve met them26. If I you I more attention to English idioms and phrases.a. was ; shall pay b. am ; will pay c. would be ; would pay d. were ; would pay27. We

19、might have failed if you us a helping hand.a. have not given b. would not give c. had not given d. did not give28. The law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a year.a. has b. had c. have d. will have29. It is strange that he so.a. would say b. would speak c. should say d. will spea

20、k30. Had I known her name .a. or does she know mine b. and where does she livec. she would be beautiful d. I would have invited her to lunch31. He has just arrived but he talks as if he all about that.a. know b. knows c. known d. knew32. If I the money I would have bought a much bigger car.a. possessed b. owned c. had d. had had33. He was very busy yesterday otherwise he to the meeting.a. would come b. came c. would have come d. will come34. The librarian insists that John no more b