江蘇新版牛津英語7B Unit 8 知識點

1、實用文檔 文案大全 Unit 8 Pets Part One Comic strip 重點全解 1、Bring me something to eat.（P 92） something to eat意為“吃的東西”。to eat為動詞不定式，修飾不定代詞something。動詞不定式作定語修飾名詞或代詞時，常位于所修飾詞之后。 例如：There are many places of interest to visit. We have something important to do. 2、How rude you are!（P 92） rude形容詞，意為“粗魯?shù)?，不禮貌的”。 例如：It

2、 is rude of you to say so. We shouldn't say rude things to the old. 3、That's it.（P 92） That's it.是一句常用的口語，意為“就是這樣，正是如此”等。用法如下： (1)表示贊同或鼓勵，意為“就是這樣，對了，這就對了” That's it. Let's tell him the news. (2)表示結(jié)束，意為“完了，沒有別的”。 You can have a cake and that's it. Part Two Welcome to the unit

3、A 重點全解 1、goldfish（P 93） goldfish為可數(shù)名詞，名為“金魚”。表示同一種金魚時，單復數(shù)同行，即復數(shù)形式仍然為goldfish；表示不同種類的金魚時，復數(shù)形式為goldfishes。 例如：I have two goldfish at home. There are many kinds of goldfishes in the pond. 拓展 fish意為“魚”，表示同一種魚時，單復數(shù)同形；表示不同種類的魚時，復數(shù)形式為fishes；表“魚肉”時，fish為不可數(shù)名詞。 例如：Help yourself to some fish. 2、mouse（P 93） mo

4、use為可數(shù)名詞，意為“老鼠”，復數(shù)形式為mice。mouse還可以指“鼠標”，復數(shù)形式為mouses。 例如： Look! What a lovely mouse. There are too many mice in the house, so we need a cat. I don't like this kind of mouse. B 重點全解 1、I like watching them swim around.（P 93） ? watch sb. do sth. 意為“看見某人做某事”，表示一次完整的動作過程或經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作。watch sb. doing sth

5、. 意為“看見某人正在做某事”，表示動作正在執(zhí)行。 例如：I like watching children play basketball. The old man is watching his grandson playing on the floor. ? (1) around為副詞，意為“到處，四處；在周圍”，還可以用作介詞，意為“圍繞；在附近；在周圍”。 例如：I could hear her laughter all around. She put her arms around her son. (2) swim around意為“四處游動，游來游去”。 例如：The littl

6、e girl likes watching the fish swim around. 拓展 含有around的詞組還有： 實用文檔 文案大全 look around 到處看看 walk around 四處逛逛 turn around 圍繞轉(zhuǎn)動；轉(zhuǎn)身 show .around 引領(lǐng)參觀 jump around 跳來跳去 例如：The earth turns around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 The little boy likes jumping around. 這個小男孩喜歡跳來跳去。 2、She loves to sleep on my knees.（P 93） on on

7、e's knees意為“在某人的膝蓋上”。knee在此處用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“膝蓋”。 例如：My mother's knees hurt when it is cold. My cat likes sleeping on my knees. 3、I like my mouse best because it's very small and soft and I can hold it in my hand.（P 93） (1) hold作及物動詞，意為“握住，拿；舉行；容納” 例如：Hold my hand and I can pull you out. Look!

8、What is the boy holding in his hand? We hold a sports meeting every term. The hall is big enough to hold over one thousand people. hold作不及物動詞時，意為“不掛斷電話；持續(xù)”。 例如：Hold on, please. (2) 該句是because引導的原因狀語從句，漢語中因為所以是連用的，而英語中because和so不能連用。 例如：I love reading because I want to learn more about the world. 4、I

9、 can feed her carrots and I like her long ears.（P 93） feed此處用作及物動詞，意為“喂養(yǎng)”。 ? feed sth. to. /feed . with sth. 把喂給吃 例如：Please feed some grass to the cow. ? feed作不及物動詞時，意為“（牛、馬）吃”，常用短語：feed on sth. （動物）以為食。 例如：Cows fed on grass. 5、He can sing, and I want to teach him to speak.（P 93） teach為及物動詞，意為“教；教導；

10、教授”。 (1) teach sb. sth. 意為“教某人某事”。 例如：Who teaches you maths this term？ (2) teach oneself. 意為“自學”，相當于learn.by oneself。 例如：Tom is teaching himself Chinese.=Tom is learning Chinese by himself. (3) teach sb. (how) to do sth. 意為“教某人做某事” 例如：We should teach the children to know good from bad. Can you teach

11、 me how to draw? Part Three Reading 重點全解 1、Here are her favourite poems.（P 94） poem為可數(shù)名詞，意為“詩歌”，poetry意為“詩，詩作（總稱）”。 例如：Are you good at writing poems? 2、My dog is the cleverest animal of all.（P 94） cleverest是形容詞最高級，它由“原級clever+-est”構(gòu)成，意為“最聰明的”。三者或三者以上進行比較時，需要用最高級。 例如：He is the cleverest boy in our cl

12、ass. This is the best one of all his paintings. 形容詞除了原級和最高級外，還有比較級，它由“原級+-er/r”構(gòu)成，用于兩者之間的比較。兩者比較由than引導。 例如：Tony is taller than Jim. 3、He doesn't just run after a ball.（P 94） (1) just此處用作副詞，意為“僅僅，只”。 Don't be too hard on him-he's just a kid. 實用文檔 文案大全 ? just用作副詞還可以意為“正好，恰好；剛剛，剛才”。 例如：Tha

13、t's just what I wanted. I'm just out of hospital. ? just可用作形容詞，意為“正義的，正直的；恰當?shù)摹薄?例如：He is a very just man. (2) run after 追逐，追求 例如：If you run after two hares, you'll catch neither. 4、With eyes open wide.（P 94） (1) wide此處用作副詞，意為“充分地”，表示實際意義上的“寬”。 例如：That man died with his eyes open wide. wi

14、dely 表示抽象意義上的“寬”，意為“廣泛地，普遍地”。 例如：English is widely used in the world. (2) wide還可用作形容詞，意為“寬廣的，寬闊的；寬的”。 例如：Our classroom is 10 metres long and 8 metres wide. 5、He hunts when I hide.（P 94） (1) hunt在此處用作不及物動詞，意為“搜尋，打獵”。 例如：His grandfather hunted in the forest in the past. ? hunt還可以用作及物動詞，意為“搜尋，獵殺”。 例如：I

15、 think it is not right to hunt animals. ? hunter為可數(shù)名詞，意為“獵人”。 例如：The hunters ran away. (2) hide此處用作不及物動詞，意為“躲藏，隱藏”。 例如：The moon hides in the clouds. ? hide還可以用作及物動詞，意為“藏，隱藏”。 例如：The boy often hides himself behind the door. ? hide還可用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“躲藏處”。 例如：hide and seek 捉迷藏 6、He does wonderful tricks.（P 94

16、） trick在此處為名詞，意為“把戲”。常用短語：play a trick on sb.意為“捉弄某人”。 例如：The children played a trick on their teacher. 7、 Builds me camps out of sticks.（P 94） build為及物動詞，意為“建筑，建造”。build.out of.意為“用建造”，相當于use.to build.。 例如：The workers are building a new bridge. We build houses out of bricks and stones. =We use bric

17、ks and stones to build houses. 8、He doesn't like to fight.（P 94） (1) fight在此處用作不及物動詞，意為“打架，戰(zhàn)斗，斗爭”，其過去式為fought。 fight with sb.意為“和某人打架”，fight for sth.意為“為某事而打架”。 例如：They didn't fight with each other from then on. The two dogs fought for a bone. (2) fight還可以用作及物動詞，意為“與打仗”。 例如：The soldiers are

18、fighting enemies bravely. (3) fight還可以用作名詞，意為“打架，斗爭”。 例如：Don't have a fight with your friends. 9、And I'll look after him till the end.（P 94） (1) look after意為“照顧，照料”，相當于take care of。 例如：I look after my pet very well. (2) ? till在此處用作介詞，意為“到時，直到為止”，與until近義，其前面的動詞為延續(xù)性動詞。 例如：I will stay here til

19、l/until twelve o'clock. ?till/until也可以用作連詞 例如：He waited until/till the children fell asleep. 實用文檔 文案大全 ? not.till/until意為“直到才”，其前面的動詞通常為短暫性動詞。 例如：He didn't come till/until late in the morning. The bus won't go till/until all the people get on it. (3) end為名詞，意為“結(jié)尾，末尾”，常用短語有： in the end(=a

20、t last=finally) 最后，終于 例如：We gave up the plan in the end. at the end of 在的末尾/盡頭 例如：There is a post office at the end of the street. come to an end 結(jié)束 例如：The war came to an end in 1949. 10、She isn't any trouble.（P 94） (1) trouble為名詞，意為“困難，麻煩”。 例如：I have great trouble in my work. (2) ?常用句型：What'

21、;s the trouble with you?=What's wrong with you? =What's the matter with you? 你怎么了？ ?常用詞組：in trouble 處于困難中 out of trouble 脫離困境 ?trouble還可以用作及物動詞，意為“麻煩，使煩惱”。 例如：I'm sorry to trouble you. 11、We don' t have to feed her much.（P 94） don't have to意為“不必”，相當于needn't。以must引導的一般疑問句進行否定回

22、答時通常用needn;t或don't have to。 例如：You don't have to do your homework first. -Must I go home now? -No, you needn't/don't have to. 12、She doesn't need a gentle touch.（P 94） (1) gentle為形容詞，意為“溫柔的，溫和的”。 例如：She spoke in a gentle voice. (2) ? touch此處用作名詞，意為“觸摸，碰” 例如：The silk has cool touc

23、h. ? touch還可以用作動詞，意為“觸摸；接觸；感動”。 例如：Don't touch that plate-it's hot. 13、He'd never bark or bite.（P 95） bark or bite意為“叫和咬人”。因為該句有否定意義，所以連詞用or不用and。 例如：She can't sing or dance. 14、And I'll always take care of him.（P 95） take care of相當于look after，意為“照顧，照料”。 例如：We only have one earth

24、, so we need to take good care of it. (1) care的用法： ? 用作不及物動詞，意為“介意，在乎”。 例如：Whatever you say, I don't care. ? 用作名詞，意為“介意，在乎，小心”。 例如：He does his work with great care. ? 其形容詞形式為careful，意為“小心的，仔細的”。 例如：Be careful not to wake up the baby. 其副詞形式為carefully,意為“小心地，仔細地，認真地”。 例如：Please check your homework

25、 carefully. (2) 與care有關(guān)的短語： ? care for 想要；喜歡；愛好 例如：Would you care for a drink? ? take care 當心，小心 例如：Take care not to break it. ? care about 在乎，關(guān)心 實用文檔 文案大全 例如：The little girl only cares about herself. 15、. when someone comes to visit us.（P 96） visit可以用作及物動詞，也可以用作不及物動詞.用作及物動詞時，意為“參觀，拜訪”，之后跟名詞或者代詞作賓語。

26、 例如：Sometimes we visit the museum. She often visits her grandpa. Part Four Grammar 重點全解 1、become（P 97） become此處用作連系動詞，意為“成為”。 例如：My dream is to become a great writer like Mo Yan. 辨析：become, get, turn用作連系動詞，表變化之意的區(qū)別如下： (1) become常常用來表示身份職位的變化。 例如：He became a doctor at last. (2) get常常用來表示時間的變化，常與比較級連用

27、。 例如：The day gets longer and longer. (3) turn常常用來表示顏色的變化。 例如：The leaves turn green in spring. 2、feel（P 97） feel此處用作連系動詞,意為“摸起來，感覺”，后接形容詞作表語。有類似用法的詞還有：look看起來，smell聞起來，taste嘗起來，sound聽起來。 例如：Ice feels cold. That sounds interesting. 3、When she gets tired, she sleeps anywhere.（P 97） anywhere為副詞，意為“在任何地方

28、，無論哪里”。多用于疑問句和否定句中，代替somewhere；用于肯定句時，意為“任何地方”。 例如：Where is my pen? I can't find it anywhere. You can sit anywhere you like. 4、He can repeat my words.（P 97) repeat此處用作及物動詞，意為“重說，重復，重做”。 例如：I didn't hear what you said. Please repeat it. 5、He is happy all the time.（P 97) all the time意為“總是，一直”。

29、 例如：I knew him a week ago, but I don't know his name all the time. 與time有關(guān)的常用短語： at that time 在那時 at the same time 同時 by the time 到為止 have a good time 玩得高興 in time 及時 on time 準時 every time 每次 6、I don't agree.（P 98) agree可以作為及物動詞或不及物動詞，意為“同意，應(yīng)允”。 例如：I asked him to help me and he agreed. (1) a

30、gree后面可以接不同的介詞，表達不同的含義。 ? agree with通常表示同意某人或某人說的話。 例如：I agree with them. I agree with what you said. ? agree to通常表示同意某一計劃，提議，安排等。 例如：I agree to the plan. ? agree on通常表示雙方通過協(xié)商而取得一致意見或達成協(xié)議，意為“就達成協(xié)議”。 實用文檔 文案大全 例如：They can't agree on the date. (2) agree to do sth. 意為“同意做某事”。 例如：He agreed to get so

31、meone to help us. (3) agree后面可以接從句，意為“同意”。 例如：She agreed that we could finish early. 7、There's nothing wrong with keeping a snake if you like it.（P 98) (1) keep用作實義動詞 ? keep在本句中意為“飼養(yǎng)”，相當于feed。 ? 保管，保存，保留 例如：Please keep these things for me. ? 借用 例如：How long can I keep the book? (2) keep作系動詞時，意為“保

32、持（某種狀態(tài)）”，其后可接形容詞作表語。 例如：Please keep quiet. 一 形容詞 形容詞的定義：形容詞(adjective)，簡稱adj， 用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人 或事物的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)的詞。 形容詞的用法： 1. 形容詞作定語 形容詞作定語，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。 例如：He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。 There is nothing important in today's newspaper. 今天報紙上沒有什么重要內(nèi)容。 2. 形容詞作表語 形容詞作表語，放在系動詞（be, feel, look

33、, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。 例如：Everything will be all right. 一切都會好的。 After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很遠的一段路后我累了。 3.形容詞作賓語補足語 形容詞做賓語補足語，放在賓語之后，常與make, leave, keep, find等動詞連用。 例如：He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他們每天保持教室干凈。 People usually keep the vegetables fre

34、sh in the fridge. 人們常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鮮。 4.形容詞的名詞化，“the+形容詞”表示一類人，相當于名詞，用作主語或賓語。 例如：The old often think of old things. 老人常想起過去的事情。 They are going to build a school for the deaf and the blind. 他們將要給聾人和盲人蓋一所學校。 5.形容詞作狀語 例如：These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry. 這些士兵們在冷天里度過了三天，又冷

35、又餓。 6.形容詞的先后順序 如果有兩個或兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞時, 形容詞的先后順序由它們和被修飾的名詞之間的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容詞越靠近名詞。如果幾個形容詞的密切程度差不多則按音節(jié)少的形容詞放在前面, 音節(jié)多的形容詞放限定詞 數(shù)詞 性狀形容詞 冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞 序數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞 描繪性形容詞 形狀、長短、高低 年齡、新舊、溫度 顏色 國籍地區(qū)出處 材料物質(zhì) 目的用途 a(n) the this my first second third one two good kind sick rude nice little big large long round square

36、 old new hot cold red black British Chinese Asian eastern stone silk writing medical 在后面。為方便記憶，可記住一句話：美小圓新黃，法國木書房。 二 不定代詞 實用文檔 文案大全 不定代詞是不明確代替哪個具體名詞的代詞。常用的不定代詞有：one, ones, both, all, either, neither, other, another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little等。還有由some-, any-, no-和eve

37、ry-合成的不定代詞。 I. one 和ones 的用法。 one/ones 指人或物，可作主語、表語和賓語。 one 用來替代前面的單數(shù)名詞，ones用來替代前面的復數(shù)名詞，以避免重復。 例如：I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我丟了舊的照相機，這個是新的 Red apples often taste better than green ones.紅蘋果比青蘋果甜。 II. either, neither, both和all 的用法。 either 兩者中的任何一個 neither 兩者都不 both 兩者都，反義詞是neither all 三

38、者或以上都，反義詞是none 例如：There are a lot of trees on either side of the street. 路兩邊有很多樹。 Both of his parents are teachers. 他的父母都是老師。 All of the students are happy on Children's Day. 所有的孩子兒童節(jié)都很開心。 III. the other, another 的用法。 the other表示（兩者中的）另一個 another 表示（三個或以上中的）另一個 例如：I have two uncles. One is a pol

39、iceman and the other is a doctor. . 我有兩個叔叔，一個是警察，另一個是醫(yī)生。 Here are three apples. One is red, another is green and the third is yellow. 這里有三個蘋果，一個是紅的，另外一個是青的，第三個是黃的。 IV. others和the others 的用法。 others表示另一些（人或物），不包括所有其余的。 the others表示所有其余的。 例如: After class, some students are talking with each other, and

40、 others are playing games. 下課后，一些同學正在聊天，另一些正在玩游戲。 I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red and the others are blue. 我有十支筆，兩個是紅色的，其余的是藍色的。 V. some和any 的用法。 some一般用于肯定句中，any 多用于否定句和一般疑問句中。 例如: There are some apples in the box. 箱子里有些蘋果。 Do you have any water here? 這里有水嗎？ 疑問句一般不用some，只有當表示邀請或期待對方做出肯定

41、回答時才能用some。 例如: Would you like some coffee? 你想要來點咖啡嗎？ any 用于肯定句，后面修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，表示“任一”。 例如:The teacher likes any student in her class. 這個老師喜歡他班里的每一個學生。 VI. (a)few和little 的用法。 few, little:幾乎沒有（否定語氣） a few, a little: 一些，少數(shù)（肯定語氣） few, a few指可數(shù)的事物，只能與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)搭配 little, a little指不可數(shù)事物，只能與不可數(shù)名詞搭配 例如:Let's b

42、uy some milk. There is little in the fridge. 讓我們?nèi)ベI些牛奶，冰箱里沒有了。 He has a few friends. He often plays with them. 他有一些朋友并且經(jīng)常與他 們一起玩。 VII. many 和much 的用法。 many表示許多，指可數(shù)的事物，只能與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)搭配；much表示許多，指不可數(shù)的事物，只能與不可數(shù)名詞搭配。 例如:Would you like to have a look at my stamps? I have many. 你想看看我的有票嗎？我有很多。 實用文檔 文案大全 He does

43、n't know much about this company. 他對這個公司知道不是很多。 VIII. some-, any-, every-和no-可以分別和-thing, -body, -one構(gòu)成的合成不定代詞用法。 一、不定代詞的指代對象 1. 含-body的不定代詞和含-one的不定代詞只用來指人，含-body的不定代詞與含-one的不定代詞在功能和意義上完全相同，可以互換。 例如：Someone/Somebody is crying in thr next room. 2. 含-thing的不定代詞只用來指事物。 例如：Are you going to buy anyt

44、hing? 二、不定代詞的所有格 1. 含-one和-body等指人的不定代詞可有所有格形式。 例如：Everybody's business is bobody's business. 2. 含-one和-body等指人的不定代詞后跟else時，所有格應(yīng)該加在else之后。 例如：Can you remember anyone else's name? 3. 含-thing等指事物的不定代詞沒有所有格形式。 三、不定代詞的數(shù) 1. 不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，因此通常被看為第三人稱單數(shù)，當它們作句子的主語時，其后面的謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。 例如：Is everyone

45、 here today? Nothing is difficult. 2. 當面對一群人時，可使用以不定代詞作主語的祈使句，句中的動詞用原型。 例如：Nobody move. 四、不定代詞修飾形容詞放在形容詞前面。 例如：I have something important to tell you. Part Five Integrated skills 重點全解 1、Put your goldfish in the sun.（P 99） in the sun意為“在陽光下”。 例如：That boy is lying in the sun and listening to music. Re

46、ading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 2、A goldfish can weigh up to 40 grams.（P 99） (1) weigh為動詞，意為“重；稱的重量”，其名詞形式為weight，意為“重量”。 例如：How much does a parrot weigh? = What's the weight of a parrot. If you want to know the weight of an orange, you'd better weigh it first. (2) up to意為“達到，至多”。 例如：

47、Li Hong did his homework for up to three hours a day last summer holiday. I can take up to four people in my car. 3、Goldfish are easy to look after.（P 99） be easy to do sth. 意為“易于做某事，做某事很容易”。 例如：It's easy to keep a pet dog. It's not easy to learn English well. 4、Feed them once a day.（P 99） o

48、nce為副詞，意為“一次”。 例如：We have a class meeting once a week. twice意為“兩次”，表達三次及三次以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”，如three times意為“三次”。 例如：We have P.E. Lessons twice a week. 5、It was a talk about goldfish.（P 100） about此處用作介詞,意為“關(guān)于”。 實用文檔 文案大全 例如：This is a book about animals. 辨析：about與on 二者都表示“關(guān)于”，其區(qū)別為：用about時，表示內(nèi)容較普遍，不太正式；用on

49、時，表示是嚴肅的，學術(shù)的，時供專門研究用的。 例如：I like stories about fairy. I have some books on China. 6、Do they make any noise?（P 100） noise此處用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“聲音；噪音”，其形容詞形式為noisy，意為“吵鬧的，嘈雜的”。 例如：It's too noisy. Don't make any noise. 辨析：noise, sound與voice (1) noise常具有貶義，表示令人心煩的或不和諧的“嘈雜聲，噪音，響聲”?？梢杂胊, some, any, much等詞修

50、飾。 例如：My neighbour's dog often makes some noise. The noise woke me up. (2) sound泛指一切可以聽到的聲音。大自然的任何聲音都可以用sound。 例如：At midnight he heard a strange sound. Light travels much faster than sound. (3) voice表示“嗓音”，指人的說話聲或唱歌聲。 例如：The boy has a beautiful voice. They are talking in low voices. 7、We only br

51、ush her fur every day.（P 100） (1)? brush此處用作及物動詞，意為“刷；擦”。 例如：We brush teeth every day. He brushed his coat clean. ? brush還可以用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“刷子”，其復數(shù)形式為brushes. 例如：There is a brush on the floor. (2) fur為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“（動物的）軟毛，毛皮”；fur作可數(shù)名詞時，意為“毛皮衣服”。 例如：Hunters hunt animals for their fur. 辨析：fur, hair, feather fur

52、: 指動物的軟毛或毛皮 hair: 指人的頭發(fā) feather: 指羽毛 Part Six Task 1、My favourite pet is a cat.（P 102） favourite在此處為形容詞，意為“最喜歡的”，相當于like.best。 例如：Which is your favourite star?= Which star do you like best? 2、She likes warm milk too.（P 102） 句中的too是副詞，意為“也，并且；還”，通常用于肯定句中，常用于句子末尾，也可以置于句首，跟在主語之后，常用逗號隔開。 例如：She can sing

53、 too. You, too, may have a try. ? also通常用于主要動詞之前，但若主要動詞是be動詞，則置于其后。 例如：They also agree with me. She is also American. ? either常用語否定句，置于句末。 例如：I can't do it either. 3、What does it look like?（P 103） ?What does.look like? 用來詢問人或物的外貌特征。 例如：What does your father look like? ? What is.like?既可以用來詢問外貌特征，又可以詢問性格特征。 實用文檔 文案大全 例如：-What are your friends like? -They are friendly and helpful. ? What does.like? 用來詢問喜歡什么。 例如：-What does your cat like? -It likes fish. 短語和句型歸納 短語歸納 1. run after 追逐 2. look after 照顧，照料 3. till the end 直到最后 4. look around for 四處尋找 5. take care of 照顧，照料 6. be afraid of 害怕