高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的就近原則

1、【就近原則】也稱“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”（proximity）,即：謂語(yǔ)與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時(shí) 不一定是主語(yǔ)）在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。i 在正式文體中：1. 由下列詞語(yǔ)連接的并列主語(yǔ):"there be+句型;or ; either or； nor; neither- nor； whether-or； notbut; not onlybut also” ； 等。e.g.®what he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行為或言談都與我無(wú)關(guān)。 neither you nor i am wrong .你和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。 n

2、ot you but your father is to blame .不是你，而是你父親該受貴備。 not only you but（also） he is wrong .不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了。2. 在倒裝句中：謂語(yǔ)可與后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。e.g.©in the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在遠(yuǎn)處，能 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。there is （are） a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書(shū)。ii.非正式文體中：有

3、時(shí)依“就近一致原則”，但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語(yǔ)法一致原則”。e.g.neither she nor i were there （意義一致）我和他當(dāng)吋都不在那兒。（非正式）neither she nor i was there .（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時(shí)，則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī) 范的。e.g.no one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他白己的支持者同意他的意見(jiàn)。（依 “就近”和“意義” 一致的原則；但語(yǔ)法上，“noone ”才是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要改成“agrees”。

4、“寫(xiě)作中” 一般要依“語(yǔ)法一致”原則?！揪瓦h(yuǎn)原則】謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面主語(yǔ)一致代表詞匯：as well as； （together/along） with； rather than； except； besides； but； including； in addition to； apart from采用“就近原則”的兩個(gè)典型用法即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。1. 連詞 or, notbut，eitheror，neither-nor-, not onlybut also,等連接的并歹u主 語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。如：not his parents but he doesn

5、, t want to go.是他的父母親不想去而不是他不想去。neither you nor i am a stranger here.你和我都不是剛來(lái)這里。does neither he nor his classmates know the secret?他和他的同學(xué)都不知道這個(gè)密秘？2. 當(dāng)there be后有兩個(gè)或兒個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，be的數(shù)由與其靠得最近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。 如：there is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate.盤(pán)子里有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，兩個(gè)梨子 和一些桔子。there are two pears, some o

6、ranges and an apple on the plate.盤(pán)子里有兩個(gè)梨子，一些桔子 和一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。五、由 or, not only but also ，either or ，neither nor , not but 等連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)吋，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)就近原則來(lái)確定。女u：you or he is going to be sent to study abroad .he or we are going to be sent to study abroad .六、"名詞 + 介詞 / 介詞短語(yǔ)（with, together with, along with, a

7、s well as 等） +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由介詞前的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如：tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing .you as well as your brother have been accepted .七、主語(yǔ)從句、不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：what we can' t get seems better than what we have .taking more exercise is good for your health .八、定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)吋，從句謂語(yǔ)與先行

8、詞的人稱和數(shù)保持 一致；但"one of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作先行詞時(shí)，如在one前有l(wèi)he, the very, the only等詞 修飾時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，若沒(méi)有，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：he is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster .he is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster .九、there be句型中，be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由其后的名詞決定，如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以 上的名詞，則按就近原則決定。如：

9、there is only a desk in the room .there is only a desk and two chairs in the room .there are two chairs and a desk in the room .十、“ the+形容詞”作主語(yǔ)表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：the rich don' t understand the life of the poor .the wounded have been given careful attention .中學(xué)就經(jīng)?？家韵?個(gè)就近喩則的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。就近原則，也就是說(shuō)，句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

10、詞是由最靠近它的名詞或者代詞來(lái)決定 其用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。1 .there be 句型 there is an apple ,a pear and two bananas in the bag.（ an apple 最靠近 be的位置，an apple是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)用is）=there are two bananas , an apple and a pear in the bag . （two bananas 最靠近 be 的位 置，two bananas是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)用are）2. neither.nor. neither you nor he is right.（這句有兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是 you 個(gè)是he ,由于he最近謂語(yǔ)的位置，所以謂語(yǔ)用is ）= neither he nor you are right.3. eithe匚.oreither they or jim is going to shanghai next saturday.（jim 最近謂語(yǔ)，所以用 is ）= either jim or they are going to shanghai next saturday. （they 最靠近謂語(yǔ),所 以用are）4. not only.but also. not only ann but also her