閱讀理解-練習(xí)五

1、閱讀理解 - 練習(xí)五( 總分： 40.00 ，做題時(shí)間： 90 分鐘 )、 Test 1 ( 總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.00)、 TEXT A( 總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00)Whenolder people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But a growing number of studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong.Instead, the re

2、search finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its tong-term benefit.The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, "Progress in Brain Research." Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer's

3、disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating

4、, it is often useful."It may be that distractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing," said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. "It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind."For example, in studies whe

5、re subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down eve

6、n more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it.When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of- place words might be answers, the older adults responded much b

7、etter than the students."For the young people, it's as if the distraction never happened," said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. "But for older adults, because they

8、've retained all this extra data, they're now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they've soaked up from one situation to another."Such tendencies can yield big advantages in the real world, where it is not always dear what information is important

9、, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others' yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker's real impact. "A broad attention span m

10、ay enable older adults to ultimately know more about a situation and the indirect message of what's going on than their younger peers," Dr. Hasher said. "We believe that this characteristic may play a significant role in why we think of older people as wiser./(分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00 )(1) .The word &

11、quot;sift" in the 2nd paragraph means . (分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 )A. runB. scanC. selectVD. memorize分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 )解析：(2) .What is the purpose of the experiment carried out during the research?A. To prove that an older brain takes in more data.VB. To prove that an older brain sifts though a clutter of information.

12、C. To prove that older adults do better in reading comprehension.D. To prove that distraction never happens to young peopl解析：（3）.What is the purpose of the 9th paragraph?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. To show that older people are easily distracted.B. To show that older people take more information.C. To show the pr

13、actical benefit of distractibility.VD. To show how wise older people ar解析：（4）.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. Brains do not deteriorate with age.VB. Distractibility may not be a bad thing.C. Extra details steal people's attention.D. Older brains can tran

14、sfer the information they've soaked up from one situation to another. 解析：（5）.Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. Distractibility Proven to Be Good.B. New Achievement in Neurology.C. Older Brain, More Information.D. Older Brain May Be Really a Wiser Brain

15、.V解析：三、TEXT B（ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00）The great myth about divorce is that marital breakup is an increasing threat to American families, with each generation finding their marriages less stable than those of their parents.Last week's release of new divorce statistics led to a smorgasbord of reporting f

16、eeding the myth. This newspaper warned readers, "Don't stock up on silver anniversary cards" because "women and men who married in the late 1970s had a less than even chance of still being married 25 yearslater." And apparently things are getting worse, as "the latest nu

17、mbers suggest an uptick in the divorce rate among people married in the most recent 20years covered in the report, 19751994."Other major newspapers ran similar articlesThe story of ever-increasing divorce is a powerful narrative. It is also wrong. In fact, the divorce rate has been falling cont

18、inuously over the past quarter-century,and is now at its lowest levelsince 1970. While marriage rates are also declining, those marriages that do occur are increasingly more stable. For instance, marriages that began in the 1990s were more likely to celebrate a 10th anniversary than those that start

19、ed in the 1980s, which, in turn, were also more likely to lastthan marriages that began back in the 1970s.Whywere so many analystsled astray by the recent data? Understandingthis puzzle requires diggingdeeper into some rather complex statistics.The Census Bureau reported that. slightly more than hal

20、f of all marriages occurring between 1975 and 1979 had not made it to their 25th anniversary. This breakup rate is not only alarmingly high, but also represents a rise of about 8 percent when compared with those marriages occurring in the preceding five-year period.But here's the rub. The census

21、 data come from a survey conducted in mid-2004, and at that time, it bad not yet been 25 years since the wedding day of around 1 in 10 of those whose marriages they surveyed. And if your wedding was in late 1979, it was simply impossible to have celebrated a 25th anniversary when asked about your ma

22、rriage in mid-2004.If the census survey had been conducted six months later, it would have found that a majority of those married in the second half of 1979 were happily moving into their 26th year of marriage. Once these marriages are added to the mix, it turns out that a majority of couples who ti

23、ed the knot from 1975 to 1979-about 53 percent-reached their silver anniversary.This surveying glitch affected only the most recent data. Still, factoring in an appropriate adjustment yields the conclusion that divorce rates have been falling, not rising. This is not just statistical smoke and mirro

24、rs, the Census Bureau warned that the most recent data understate the true stability of recent marriages. But a warning buried in a footnote does not always make the headlines, (Indeed, this newspaper reprinted the table, but omitted the warning. )The narrative of rising divorce is also completely a

25、t odds with counts of divorce certificates, which show the divorce rate as having peaked at 22.8 divorces per 1,000 married couples in 1979 and to have fallen by 2005 to 16.7.Why has the great divorce myth persisted so powerfully? Reporting on our families is a lot like reporting on the economy: sta

26、tistical tales of woe provide the foundation for reform proposals. The only difference is that conservatives use these data to make the case for greater government intervention in the marriage market, while liberals use them to promote deregulation of marriage, But a useful family policy should inst

27、ead be based on facts. The facts are that divorce is down, and today's marriages are more stable than they have been in decades. Perhaps it is worth stocking up on silver anniversary cards after all.(分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00 )(1) .The great myth about divorce is that . (分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 )A. fewer and fewer people are g

28、etting marriedB. more than half of the people married in the past quarter century broke up at lastC. the divorce rate has actually been continually fallingD. increasing couples are getting divorced generation after generationV解析：(2) .According to the Census Bureau, .(分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 )A. there's an upti

29、ck in the divorce rate among people married in the 19751994 periodB. marriages that began in the 1990s were more likely to celebrate a 10th anniversary than those starting in the 1980sC. more than half of all marriages occurring between 19751979 had made it to their 25thanniversaryD. the most recent

30、 data understate the true stability of recent marriagesV解析：(3) .Which of the following statements would the author agree with?(分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00)A. Divorce rate in 19751979 is 8 percent higher than that in 19701974.B. If the census is conducted in the right time, the results would be more positive.VC. The na

31、rrative of rising divorce is consistent with counts of divorce certificates.D. It is still not worth stocking up on silver anniversary cards. 解析：(4) .Why could people persist on divorce myth?(分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 )A. To build grounds for reform proposals.VB. To demand government intervention in marriage market.

32、C. To promote deregulation of marriages.D. To help economic reform.解析：(5) .The author's attitude towards the divorce myth can best be described as . (分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00)A. criticalVB. indignantC. indifferentD. approving 解析：四、TEXT q總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00）A unique Picasso retrospective has gone on display in Abu Dha

33、bi, bringing some of the Spanish artist's favorite works to this Gulf city-state that aspires to become the region's cultural capital.The show was put together by Madrid's Reina Sofia art museum, but many of the pieces come from the Picasso Museum in Paris. The Abu Dhabi collection inclu

34、des 186 paintings, sculptures and drawings by one of the 20th century's defining artists.The show that first went on display in Madrid in February included 400 pieces, but the traveling version that opened in Abu Dhabi on Monday and will visit nine cities around the world has been downscaled. To

35、 make up for it, local sponsors in Abu Dhabi, the show's only Middle East stop, have contributed 40 additional Picasso drawings, prints and illuminated manuscripts, showing Arab influences on the young Spanish artist.Pablo Picasso, considered the father of modern art, was born in 1881 in Malaga,

36、 southern Spain,but spent most of his life in France. The 1936 1939 Spanish Civil War. and the following nearly four decades of dictatorship kept him from returning to his native country.Abu Dhabi is one of world's largest oil exporters and the richest of seven emirates that make up the United A

37、rab Emirates. Unlike its neighbor Dubai, which is attractingbig business and masstourism, Abu Dhabi tries to attractmore sophisticated visitors to come for exhibitions and musicconcerts rather than sprawling beaches and giant shopping malls.Awash with cash from high oil prices, the emirate's rul

38、ing elite is sponsoring the building of Mideast arms of New York's Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and Paris' Louvre Museum on an island off Abu Dhabi's Gulf coast. A performing arts center, a maritime museum and Emirates' National Museum are also scheduled to be constructed there in th

39、e next decade.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00 ）（1）.From the passage, we may infer that .（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. Abu Dhabi is the cultural capital of the Gulf RegionB. Abu Dhabi is the world's largest oil exporterC. Abu Dhabi is the richest member of the UAEVD. Abu Dhabi is the centre of tourism and business解析：（2）.How many Pica

40、sso's art pieces will be put on display in Abu Dhabi?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. 186.VB. 400.C. 226.D. 146.解析：（3）.According to the passage, the show was organized by .（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00）A. Reina Sofia art museum VB. the Picasso Museum in ParisC. Solomon R. Guggenheim MuseumD. Louvre Museum解析：（4）.We may infer from the

41、passage that .（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. the show started in Paris' Picasso MuseumB. the show in Madrid went on with 400 pieces art worksC. the show with 400 pieces art works will travel to nine cities around the worldD. there is Arab influence on the Spanish artist's art works解析：（5）.Which of the followi

42、ng is TRUE according to the passage? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. Abu Dhabi's rulers are sponsoring the building of New York's Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.B. Louvre Museum will be built on an island off Abu Dhabi's coast.C. Abu Dhabi tries to attract visitors with its sprawling beaches and shopping wa

43、lls.D. Abu Dhabi has great ambition in becoming an art center of the region.V解析：五、TEXT D（ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00）Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. Henotices a thousand timesa day

44、the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people.In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, rid

45、e a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mist

46、ake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was madeto. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or do

47、ing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the

48、 right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that see

49、ms sensible to them. With our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose

50、they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00 ）（1）.What is the main idea of the passage?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00）A. How children learn to talk.B. The role of teachers and parents.C. Let th

51、e children judge their own learning.VD. How children grow up.解析：（2）.According to the author, in school now teachers should NOT .（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. let children find out their own mistakesB. let children correct their own mistakesC. point out mistakes for childrenVD. let children work out their own proble

52、ms分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 )解析：（3）.It is suggested that a teacher's job is to A. give children the answer bookB. correct children's own booksC. do some routine workD. help children who can't find the right wayV解析：（4）.Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children's progress should onl

53、y beestimated by . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A. educated personsB. the children themselvesVC. teachersD. parents解析：（5）.Which of the following is TRUE?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00）A. Teachers should not help children when they ask for it.B. There is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school.C. There is nothing essential in the world

54、 to learn.D. Children will learn essential things out in the worlV解析：六、Test 2 （ 總題數(shù)： 0，分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.00）七、TEXT A（ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00）In haste to inscribe their names on the World Heritage List-whichincludes countries or regionswho pledge to protect their natural and culturalheritage-quitea number of localities

55、 must havecalculated how much they will be able to cash in on the distinction （榮譽(yù) ）.Despite the fact that the grant of such prestige is originally intended to have better preservation measures for the heritages listed, many local governments consider the U.N. title as a brand that can be flouted to

56、attract more tourists.But Wutai Mountain, a holy Buddhist site in North China's Shanxi province, experienced a dropin income from tourism by 200 million yuan （ $ 29.27 million） in 2008, a year after it was listed as a world cultural heritage. In another case,the efforts to acquire the U. N. dist

57、inction haveput the poor county of Libo in Southwest China's Guizhou province, in a hole of 200 million yuan. To acquire a place on the list, officials of Wutai Mountain, which has many Buddhist temples, has suffered an economic loss of at least 2 billion yuan in moving hotels or shops out of th

58、e site. The poor county of Libo, with an annual revenue of 286 million yuan, had spent more than twice its annual income in clearing up the environmentof its karst caves. Now the county sharesthe title of U.N. natural heritage along with other two karst sites in Southwest China's Yunnan province

59、 and Chongqing municipality. What is even worse is that the county will have to spend another 600 million: yuan in preserving the heritage in 10 years.To make up for the losses and accumulate enough funds for the future, county officials said the region plans to accommodate 2.4 million tourists a year, much more than its capacity of a million tourists a year. Overstretching its resources will likely resu