莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)第18首

1、Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. There are generally two kinds of sonnets: the Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearean sonnet. The Shakespearean sonnet consists of 3 quatrains and one couplet. The three quatrains are devoted to the different aspects of

2、 one subject, paralleling in structure. The concluding couplet is actually the summary or comments made by the poet. One telling example is Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare.Soliloquy: It refers to an extended speech delivered by a character alone onstage. The character reveals his or her innermost thoughts

3、and feelings directly to the audience, as if thinking aloud. One of the most famous soliloquies is the part of Shakespeare's Hamlet, beginning withthe line “To be, or not to be: that is the question.”Conceit: Conceit is actually an extended metaphor. It refers to the comparison drawn between two

4、 startlingly different objects. The leading figure of the “Metaphysical School ”, John Donne, makes a high use of conceits in his poetic creation. For instance, he compares the souls of lovers to compasses.Imagery ：A general term that covers the use of language to represent sensory experience. It re

5、fers to the words that create pictures or images in the reader 's mind. Images are primarily visual and can appeal to other senses as well, touch, taste, smell and hearing.Ode ： A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal styleon some lofty or serious subject. Odes are

6、often writtenfor a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event. Two famous odes are Percy Shelley' s “Ode tothe West Wind ” and John Keats 's “Ode on a Grecian Urn ” .莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)第 18 首William Shakespeare - Sonnet #18Shall I compare thee to a Summer's day?Thou

7、art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And oft' is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing cour

8、se untrimm'd:But thy eternal Summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 我怎么能夠把你來(lái)比作夏天？

9、你不獨(dú)比他可愛(ài)也比他溫婉； 狂風(fēng)把五月寵愛(ài)的嫩蕊作踐， 夏天出賃的期限又未免太短； 天上的眼睛有時(shí)照得太酷烈， 他那炳耀的金顏又常遭掩蔽； 給機(jī)緣或無(wú)常的天道所摧折， 沒(méi)有芳艷不終于凋殘或銷(xiāo)毀。 但你的長(zhǎng)夏將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)凋落， 也不會(huì)損失你這皎潔的紅芳； 或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊， 當(dāng)你在不朽的詩(shī)里與時(shí)同長(zhǎng)。只要一天有人類(lèi)，或人有眼睛， 這詩(shī)將長(zhǎng)在，并且賜給你生命。Summary: The poem starts with a flattering question to the beloved "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?&q

10、uot; The beloved is both " morelovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists somenegative things about summer: it is short " summer's lease hath all tooshort a date "and sometimes the sun is too hot " Sometime too hotthe eye of heaven shines. &quo

11、t; However, the beloved has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day.Theme: In the sonnet, the speaker compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. He also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of th

12、e poem.By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet ispreserving it forever. " So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The lover's beauty will live on,through the poem which will last as long as it can be read

13、.The Passionate Shepherd to His Loveby Christopher Marlowe( 1564-1593 )熱情的牧人對(duì)他的愛(ài)人Come live with me and be my Love,And we will all the pleasures prove(1)That hills and valleys, dale and field,And all the craggy mountains yield(2).There will we sit upon the rocks,And see the shepherds feed their flock

14、s, By shallow rivers, to whose falls(3) Melodious birds sing madrigals(4).There will I make thee beds of rosesAnd a thousand fragrant posies,A cap of flowers, and a kirtle(5) Embroider'd all with leaves of myrtle(6).A grow made of the finest wool,Which from our pretty lambs we pull,Fair lined sl

15、ippers for the cold,With buckles(7) of the purest fold.A belt of straw and ivy(8) budsWith coral clasps(9) and amber studs(10): And if these pleasures may thee move, Come live with me and be my Love.Thy silver dishes for thy meat（11）As precious as the gods do eat,Shall of an ivory table bePrepared e

16、ach day for thee and me.The shepherd swains（12） shall dance and singFor thy delight each May-morning:If these delights thy mind may move,Then live with me and be my Love.注釋?zhuān)海?）prove ：體驗(yàn)，古用法，其賓語(yǔ)是 all the pleasures ，第 1 2 節(jié)描寫(xiě) 大自然的美與和諧，為牧歌式的生活提供了適當(dāng)背景。（2）yield ： give（3）falls: 指溪水跌落時(shí)發(fā)出的聲響。（4 ）madrigals:

17、情歌（5 ）kirtle: 女長(zhǎng)袍，外裙（6 ）myrtle: 桃金娘，即愛(ài)神維納斯（ Venus ）的圣物。7 ）buckles ：（鞋的）帶扣8）ivy ：常春藤，酒神 Bacchus 的圣物。第 35 節(jié)描寫(xiě)牧歌世界中的勞動(dòng)或民間節(jié)日游戲， 呈現(xiàn)出了一派伊園或人類(lèi)黃金時(shí)代的理想景象， 也使人想到 英國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村的五朔節(jié)，詩(shī)人要把他的戀人打扮成五朔節(jié)王后。（9 ）clasps ：扣子（10）amber studs: 琥珀飾鈕（11 ）meat:food 的古用法，此一節(jié)詩(shī)（第 21 24 ）被認(rèn)為是英國(guó)作家沃 爾頓（ Izaak Walton ，1593-1683 ）所加。（12 ）swains

18、: （古用法）鄉(xiāng)村情郎。最后一節(jié)描寫(xiě)與五朔節(jié)相類(lèi)似的狂歡活動(dòng)。來(lái)與我同住吧，做我的愛(ài)人，我們將共享一切歡樂(lè)；來(lái)自河谷、樹(shù)叢、山岳、田野，來(lái)自森林或陡峭的峻嶺。我們將坐在巖石上，看牧人們放羊。淺淺的小河流向瀑布，小鳥(niǎo)唱著甜美的情歌。我將為你用玫瑰作床，還有上千支花束，一頂鮮花編的花冠，一條長(zhǎng)裙繡滿(mǎn)桃金娘的綠葉。用最細(xì)的羊毛織一條長(zhǎng)袍，羊毛剪自我們最可愛(ài)的羊羔，一雙漂亮的襯絨軟鞋為你御寒，上面有純金的帶扣。 麥草和長(zhǎng)春藤花蕾編的腰帶， 珊瑚作鉤，琥珀作扣， 來(lái)與我同住吧，做我的愛(ài)人。牧童情郎們將又跳又唱， 在每個(gè)五月的早晨使你歡暢，如果這些趣事使你動(dòng)心， 來(lái)與我同住吧，做我的愛(ài)人。Summary:

19、 In the first stanza, an unidentified shepherd, pleads with an unidentified woman that if she will come and live with him, then all pleasures will be theirs for the taking.The second stanza suggests a time of year for the lovers' activity, whichis likely spring or summer, since they would be out

20、doors and the shepherd imagines it is pleasant enough to sit and watch the flocks being fed. He proposes that other shepherds will feed his flocks, since with his mistress by his side, he will now be an observer.Theme: Marlowe paints a picture of idyllic nature without any of the real dangers that m

21、ight be present. There are no responsibilities in this imaginary life, as the shepherd imagines the couple will watch other “ shepherds feed their flocks, ” while making no mention of his own flock for which he is responsible. Marlowe's lyric is a universal (all times and all places) example of

22、how young men tempt pretty girls with fantastic offers - slippers with golden buckles! -to make them yield to fulfill their sexual desires.although he is only a shepherd he will ensure that she enjoys a royal life.A Red ， Red Roseby Robert BurnsO my luve is like a red, red rose,That's newly spru

23、ng in June;O my luve is like the melodieThat's sweetly played in tune.As fair thou art, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a' the seas gang dry.Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi' the sun;And I will luve thee still , my d

24、ear,While the sands o' life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only luve,And fare thee weel a while;And I will come again, my luve,Tho'it wre ten thousand mile!我的愛(ài)人象朵紅紅的玫瑰王佐良 譯呵，我的愛(ài)人象朵紅紅的玫瑰，六月里迎風(fēng)初開(kāi)；呵，我的愛(ài)人象支甜甜的曲子，奏得合拍又和諧。我的好姑娘，多么美麗的人兒！請(qǐng)看我，多么深摯的愛(ài)情！親愛(ài)的，我永遠(yuǎn)愛(ài)你， 縱使大海干涸水流盡縱使大海干涸水流盡， 太陽(yáng)將巖石燒作灰塵， 親愛(ài)的，我永

25、遠(yuǎn)愛(ài)你， 只要我一息猶存。珍重吧，我惟一的愛(ài)人， 珍重吧，讓我們暫時(shí)別離， 但我定要回來(lái)， 哪怕千里萬(wàn)里！Summary: In the beginning,Burns compares his love with a springtime blooming rose and then with a sweet melody. The second and third stanzas become increasingly complex, ending with the metaphor of the “ sands of life, ” or hourglass.The final sta

26、nza wraps up the poem ' s complexity with a farewell and a promise of return. Theme: this is a love poem. By comparing his lover to sweet melodies an d red roses which bloom in June, and depicting the image of his love lasting until the seas run dry and the rocks melt with the sun, the authar sh

27、ows us a nature, simple and original love between men and women.Summary: the author creats an autumn image that“ thoumayst in me be hold ” ,an twilight image which will past more swiftly with rising night,and lastly an dying fire image that burning with youth passion.This she sense, and it makes her

28、 love more determined.Theme: this is a love poem ,a song of adying swanappealing for love. autumn, twilight, and the dying fire, the aesthetic effect created as well as the wisdom transmitted through these three images. The inevitable conflict between passion and passing time, the persistence and ne

29、cessity , the human being ' s transience and nature 's eternity.Amoretti (Sonnet 75)by Edmund SpenserOne day I wrote her name upon the strand,But came the waves and washed it away;Agayne I wrote it with a second hand,But came the tyde,and made my paynes his pray."Vayne man,"sayed s

30、he,"that does in vain assay.A mortal thing so to immortalize,For I my selve shall lyke to this decay,And eek my name bee wyped out lykewize."To dy in dust,but you shall live by fame:My verse your vertues rare shall eternize,And in the heavens wryte your glorious name.Where whenas death sha

31、ll all the world subdew,Our love shall live,and later life renew."愛(ài)情小詩(shī)（第 75 首） 愛(ài)德蒙特 斯賓塞我曾經(jīng)在海灘上寫(xiě)下她的姓名，但被洶涌的波濤沖刷地?zé)o影無(wú)蹤；于是我再次寫(xiě)下她的姓名，然而潮水使我的心血徒勞無(wú)功?！翱蓱z人啊，”她說(shuō)，“別再無(wú)休止地寫(xiě)西寫(xiě)東，這種消逝是不朽的永生。因?yàn)槲冶旧硪惨?jīng)歷衰老而光榮，如同我的姓名一樣會(huì)被蕩滌地失卻豎橫。 ”“不，”我答道，“我不會(huì)讓這種卑劣的圖謀得逞，讓它死在墳塋。但你將榮耀地生存。因?yàn)槲业脑?shī)行將使你超凡的美德永恒，天堂里會(huì)留下你燦爛瑰麗的精魂。死亡將征服所有的臣民，而我們

32、的愛(ài)情生命將無(wú)窮無(wú)盡！ ”Summa ry: it decribes a man on a beach tracing his lover's name into sand, writing it afresh after the tide erase it. When his lover critizes him by saying,"it is in vain. My name will not be immortal as I myself is.Eventually my name will with I vanish from this earth",th

33、e man refutes her statement and avows thatshe will live forever becauseyou will be eternizedinmy verse.Theme : of preservationthroughwords,onecan achieve he verse "Where whenas deathshall alltheworld subdew,Our love shall live, and later life renew." he show

34、s that once death comes for them they/their love will be reborn again when new generations read this poem.I Wandered Lonely as a CloudWilliam WordsworthI wandered lonely as a cloud 我孤獨(dú)地漫游，像一朵云That floats on high o er vales and hills, 在山丘和谷地上飄蕩，When all at once I saw a crowd, 忽然間我看見(jiàn)一群A host, of golde

35、n daffodils; 金色的水仙花迎春開(kāi)放，Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 在樹(shù)蔭下，在湖水邊，F(xiàn)luttering and dancing in the breeze. 迎著微風(fēng)起舞翩翩。Continuous as the stars that shine 連綿不絕，如繁星燦爛， And twinkle on the milky way, 在銀河里閃閃發(fā)光，They stretched in never-ending line 它們沿著湖灣的邊緣Along the margin of a bay: 延伸成無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的一行；Ten thousand s

36、aw I at a glance, 我一眼看見(jiàn)了一萬(wàn)朵，Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. 在歡舞之中起伏顛簸。The waves beside them danced;but they 粼粼波光也在跳著舞，Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: 水仙的歡欣卻勝過(guò)水波；A poet could not but be gay, 與這樣快活的伴侶為伍，In such a jocund company: 詩(shī)人怎能不滿(mǎn)心歡樂(lè)！I gazed-and gazed-but little thought 我久久凝望，卻想象不到Wh

37、at wealth the show to me had brought: 這奇景賦予我多少財(cái)寶，F(xiàn)or oft, when on my couch I lie 每當(dāng)我躺在床上不眠，In vacant or in pensive mood, 或心神空茫，或默默沉思， They flash upon that inward eye 它們常在心靈中閃現(xiàn)， Which is the bliss of solitude; 那是孤獨(dú)之中的福祉；And then my heart with pleasure fills, 于是我的心便漲滿(mǎn)幸福，And dances with the daffodils.

38、和水仙一同翩翩起舞。Summary :It is apoem about nature. With his poetic and pure language, Wordsworth bring us into a beautiful world which there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his sadness when he “ wandered lonely as a cloud ” and his delight the mo

39、ment his heart“with pleasure fills ” . Wecome to realize the great power of nature that may influenceour life deeply as revealed in the poem.Theme: the poem is about about nature and describing the great power which may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem:a. Nature ' s beauty uplif

40、t human beings ' spirit. The nature stimulate the mind of human and give them relaxing and satisfactory feeling.b. People sometimes fail to appreciate nature' s wandersas they go about their routines.c. Nature thrives unattended.The solitary reaperTheme:The poem mainly discusses the theme of

41、 poetry. Songs are poetry too, and that is clear to Wordsworth. We can see that he sees the girl as a poet because of the preface to Lyrical Ballads (1798). In it, Wordsworth maintained that poetry should not rely on artificial diction for its effort. Rather, it should be written in more ordinary la

42、nguage and simpler form so that all classes might appreciate it. "The Solitary Reaper" exemplifies this belief.However it is one of Wordsworth's most famous "solitaries ". Wordsworth used solitary characters to show how to be one with nature (See 'Old Man Travelling',

43、 'There Was A Boy' and 'Nutting'), and this solitary is no different. The girl is compared tonightingales and cuckoobirds in a positive light, as though she is one of them, which shows her natural side. The "vale profound/ Is overflowing with the sound", and this also shows

44、 that she and nature are sympathetic to each other.Other themes touched on are those of loss- "some natural sorrow, loss or pain"- and imagination - the song takes Wordsworth to the corners of the world, from "Arabian sands" to the "farthest Hebrides". The lack of under

45、standing means that he is able to ponder the meaning, also an example of imaginationFire and iceSummary :In this poem Frost is describing how the world will end. He describes two ways that the world might end: by fire or ice. He thinks the world will end in fire but it doesn ' t really matter. People shouldn't fight about howthe world will end but should focus on the present day.Theme : human emotions of fire of desire and ice of hate are equally harmful and can easily bring about the end of a relationship.Success is counted sweetestSummary :The speaker says that