河北省2021年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)第二篇語法突破篇語法專題07動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件

1、語法專題七動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)PART TWO第二篇 語法突破篇【中考考點】1動詞的八種時態(tài)的根本構(gòu)造及用法。2動詞的被動語態(tài)的根本構(gòu)造及用法。3動詞在各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)中的形式變化。動詞的時態(tài)考點一一般現(xiàn)在時1.構(gòu)造 主語+動詞原形當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式2.用法 1表示事實、現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七點去上學(xué)。2表示普遍真理和客觀事實。The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3表示在現(xiàn)在的時間里發(fā)生的動作。Here comes the bus. 公

2、共汽車來了。 4在時間和條件狀語從句中代替一般將來時。Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我媽媽有空的話,我將和她去購物。動詞的時態(tài)seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等。1直接加-s。如:workworks2以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i,再加es。如:carrycarries, crycries, trytries, studystu

3、dies3以s,x,o,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞加-es。如:passpasses, fixfixes, gogoes, teachteaches, washwashes4特殊:havehas, beis動詞的時態(tài)考點二一般過去時主語+動詞的過去式表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。last night, yesterday, some years ago, in 2021 , in the past, just now等。動詞的時態(tài)1一般情況下,在動詞原形后加-ed。如:watchwatched2以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞加-d。如:livelived3以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i,再加-ed。如

4、:studystudied, carrycarried, crycried4以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加ed。如:stopstopped, planplanned, preferpreferred5不規(guī)那么動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。動詞的時態(tài)考點三一般將來時1助動詞shall/will+動詞原形2am/is/are going to+動詞原形1表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。I shall be eighteen years old next year. 明年我就18歲了。2表示某種必然的趨勢。Fish will die without water. 沒有

5、水,魚就會死。 動詞的時態(tài)注意 be going to表示方案、打算做某事;也表示根據(jù)某些跡象推測出某事將要發(fā)生。Im going to visit my grandparents next week.下周我打算去拜訪我的祖父母。Look at the black clouds. I think its going to rain.看這些烏云,我覺得要下雨了。tomorrow, in the future, soon, next week, in+時間段, from now on等。 動詞的時態(tài)考點四過去將來時1would+動詞原形2was/were going to+動詞原形表示從過去的某一

6、時刻來看將要發(fā)生的動作。常用于賓語從句當(dāng)中。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔說第二年會有個好收成。動詞的時態(tài)考點五現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時1表示目前正在發(fā)生進(jìn)展的動作不指狀態(tài)。Are you writing a letter to your friend now? 你現(xiàn)在正在給你朋友寫信嗎?Listen! She is singing in the next room. 聽!她正在隔壁房間唱歌。2表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)展,而此刻不一定在進(jìn)展的動作。We are planting trees these days.

7、 這些天我們一直在植樹。3趨向動詞的進(jìn)展時表示動作將要發(fā)生。此類詞有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon. 他們明天下午要去英格蘭。動詞的時態(tài)now, at the moment, look, listen等。1一般直接在動詞后加-ing。如:playplaying2以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞,去e,再加-ing。如:comecoming, makemaking, liveliving3以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞,先雙寫該輔音字母,再

8、加-ing。如:runrunning, sitsitting, beginbeginning 4特殊:diedying, lielying, tietying動詞的時態(tài)考點六過去進(jìn)展時主要表示過去某一時間點或某一時間段正在進(jìn)展的動作。His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸騎自行車時摔倒了,弄傷了自己。What were you doing at ten oclock last night? 你昨晚十點鐘在做什么? They were building a large house last

9、 week.上周他們一直在建造一所大房子。某階段一直在進(jìn)展的動作this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night, at this time yesterday等。動詞的時態(tài)考點七現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has+動詞的過去分詞過去分詞變化規(guī)那么根本與過去式變化一樣。有些特殊變化動詞需單獨記憶動詞的時態(tài)1表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果,常與just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等時

10、間狀語連用。I the book already. 我已經(jīng)看過這本書了?，F(xiàn)在我知道書的內(nèi)容了 2表示從過去某一時刻開場一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),常與“since+時間點或“since+從句一般過去時,“for+時間段及how long, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等時間狀語連用。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在過去幾年中,我們種了成千上萬棵樹。So far, there no bad news. 到現(xiàn)在

11、為止還沒有什么壞消息。have readhas been動詞的時態(tài)一般過去時只強調(diào)在過去發(fā)生過某事或關(guān)注的是動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式等。而現(xiàn)在完成時那么強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,因此,假設(shè)不強調(diào)某事對現(xiàn)在的影響就不用現(xiàn)在完成時。I saw the movie yesterday.昨天我看了這部電影。強調(diào)電影是昨天看的I have already seen the film. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。強調(diào)知道這部電影的內(nèi)容了動詞的時態(tài)在現(xiàn)在完成時中,如果有持續(xù)的時間狀語,那么要把非延續(xù)性動詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動詞。I have had the book for two days.這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩

12、天了。用had而不用boughtI have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已經(jīng)來東京兩周了。用been in而不用come to動詞的時態(tài)常見的非延續(xù)性動詞變延續(xù)性動詞:非延續(xù)性動詞/動詞詞組延續(xù)性動詞/動詞詞組非延續(xù)性動詞/動詞詞組延續(xù)性動詞/動詞詞組buyhave catch a coldhave a coldborrowkeepput onwearopenbe open get up be upclosebe closedwake up be awakebegin/startbe onfall asleepbe asleepcomebe hereloseno

13、t havegobe therejoinbe in/be a member of finishbe overleavebe away diebe deadarrive/reach be5.have been to, have gone to與have been in的區(qū)別have been to表示“曾去過某地,說話時已從該地回來,現(xiàn)在已不在該地;have gone to表示“已去了某地,說話時已到達(dá)某地或在去某地的途中,現(xiàn)在還未回來;have been in表示“在某地待了多久,后面跟副詞時不用in。Where is Mrs. Smith?史密斯夫人在哪兒?She isnt here. Sh

14、e has gone to England. 她不在這兒,去英格蘭了。動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)考點八過去完成時 had+動詞的過去分詞表示過去的某一時刻以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也就是“過去的過去。常以by, before短語或when, after, until等引導(dǎo)的從句作為時間狀語。My teacher said she had never been to London.我的教師說她從來沒去過倫敦。When the police arrived, the thieves . 當(dāng)警察到達(dá)時,小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。had run away時態(tài)的判斷方法With the development o

15、f science and technology, robot cooks in our families in the future. A.appear B.appeared C.will appear D.were appearing答案 C解析 根據(jù)時間狀語“in the future可知要用一般將來時。應(yīng)選C。Anita, where is your brother?He out in the garden with a group of kids. A.plays B.played C.is playing D.has played答案 C解析 根據(jù)語境可知,說話時“我弟弟和一群小孩

16、兒正在花園里玩,需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時。時態(tài)的判斷方法Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?Yes, they a plan and did it. A.were working outB.worked outC.are working outD.have worked out答案 B解析 答語中and連接的兩個動作時態(tài)應(yīng)該是一致的,and后面的did是一般過去時,故前面也應(yīng)該用一般過去時。應(yīng)選B。時態(tài)的判斷方法1在時間、條件狀語從句中,遵循“主將從現(xiàn)的原那么。If we take environmental problems seriously, the

17、 earth worse and worse. A.dont; wont be B.wont; isnt C.wont; is D.dont; will be答案 D 解析 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句遵循“主將從現(xiàn)原那么。2在賓語從句中,遵循“主現(xiàn)從不限,主過從過,客觀真理永不變的原那么。What did your P.E.teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting?He said that I better. 答案 A 解析 答句中that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,時態(tài)需要與主句對應(yīng),主句是一般過去時,從句也要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。應(yīng)選A。動

18、詞的語態(tài)考點一被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞一般過去時was/were+動詞的過去分詞一般將來時will/shall/be going to+be+動詞的過去分詞動詞的語態(tài)The tree is watered every day.這棵樹每天被澆水。The factory was set up last year.這個工廠是去年建的。A new bridge will be built next year.明年將建一座新橋。注意 在使役動詞have, make, let等以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面

19、作賓語補足語的不定式,在主動構(gòu)造中不定式符號to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,要復(fù)原to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. =A stranger was seen by someone into the building. 有人看見一個陌生人走進(jìn)了這座樓。 to walk動詞的語態(tài)考點二主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞,如 break, sell, wash等,當(dāng)它們用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。This kind of cloth . 這種布料很好洗。注意 主動語態(tài)強調(diào)的是主語的特征

20、,而被動語態(tài)那么強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較:The door wont lock.指門本身有毛病The door wont be locked.指不會有人來鎖門,表示“門沒有鎖是人的原因2.不及物動詞和動詞短語,如happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等,以主動形式表示被動意義。How did the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何出版的呢?washes well動詞的語態(tài)3.系動詞沒有被動形式。Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由聽起來合理。4.以下構(gòu)造中的v.-ing

21、是主動形式表示被動意義。1need, require作“需要講時,其后常跟動名詞形式。但當(dāng)這些動詞后接不定式時,那么必須用被動形式表示被動意義。The bike needs mending. 這輛自行車需要修理。Our classroom needs to be cleaned. 我們的教室需要清掃。The book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一讀。對接中考專練1.2021河北 Gary is the best singer in my class. No one else so well. C.will sing D.is singing2.2021河北 Th

22、e bread is really delicious.Thank you. I it myself. C.will makeD.am making 根據(jù)語境可知,這里表示的是一個客觀事實,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。應(yīng)選A。AB動詞的時態(tài)根據(jù)語境可知,“做面包的動作發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用一般過去時。應(yīng)選B。對接中考專練3.2021河北 I an invitation to the concert. I cant wait to go. A.receive B.will receiveC.was receiving D.have received4.2021河北 Wow! You dinner! Lets ea

23、t now. A.cook B.are cooking C.will cook D.have cooked 根據(jù)語境可知,這個請柬到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)收到了,所以現(xiàn)在“我迫不及待想?yún)⒓?。由此可?本句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。應(yīng)選D。DD句意:哇!你做完晚餐了!現(xiàn)在讓我們吃飯吧。強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時。應(yīng)選D。對接中考專練5.2021河北 Dont take the dictionary away. I it. C.am usingD.have used6.2021河北 Grandpa glasses when he reads. C.has wornD.was wearing 句意:別

24、把詞典拿走,我正在用呢。根據(jù)句意可知,空處表示現(xiàn)在正在做某事,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時。應(yīng)選C。CA結(jié)合語境可知,當(dāng)爺爺讀書的時候戴著眼鏡,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。應(yīng)選A。對接中考專練7.2021河北 Oh no! I my book in the lab. C.will leaveD.was leaving8.2021河北 Just go down this road and you the library next to the bank. A.see B.saw C.have seenD.will seeBD對接中考專練9.2021河北 Our team another point!

25、 I am sure well win the game. A.will get B.has got C.is getting D.was getting10.2021 河北 Grace this game every time we play. A.winsB.wonC.will win D.has won 句意:我們隊又得一分,我確信我們會贏得這場比賽。根據(jù)“we ll win the game可知,此處指得分這一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。應(yīng)選B。BA對接中考專練11.2021 河北 I the shops. Can I get you anything? A.go to B.

26、went toC.have gone to D.am going to12.2021 河北 Were proud that China stronger and stronger these years. A.will become B.became C.is becoming D.was becoming13.2021 河北 I saw Jeff in the park. He on the grass and reading a book. A.sits B.sat C.is sitting D.was sitting14.2021 河北 Paula is pleased that she

27、 her lost watch. C.has found D.will findDCDC對接中考專練15.2021河北 The teacher is already standing here. Do you know when she ? A es B.came C.is coming D.was coming16.2021河北 Im busy now. I to you after school this afternoon. C.will talk D.have talked17.2021河北 Someone at the door. Can you open it? C.is knoc

28、king D.was knocking18.2021河北 I saw Ken in the meeting room. He Joe for the school magazine. C.has interviewed D.was interviewingBCDC對接中考專練19.2021河北 Monica, you the exam! Congratulations! A.pass B.have passedC.will pass D.are passing20.2021河北 Henry will give us a report as soon as he . A.arrives B.ar

29、rived C.is arriving D.will arrive21.2021河北 Ken his jacket in the gym. He has to get it back. C.is leaving D.was leaving22.2021河北 We have no vegetables in the fridge. I and buy some. C.will go D.was goingBACA對接中考專練23.2021河北 You . Dont talk on the phone. A.will drive B.are drivingC.were driving D.have

30、 driven24.2021河北 The twins didnt go to the theater. They the light music all night. A.have enjoyed B.will enjoyC.are enjoying D.were enjoying25.2021河北 Dont return the video to Peter. I it. A.dont watch B.wont watchC.havent watched D.wasnt watchingBDC對接中考專練1.2021河北 Look at the picture. The top five T

31、V plays in it. A.list B.are listed C.will list D.will be listed2.2021河北 Hangzhou as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there. A.knows B.is known C.was known D.will be known3.2021河北 Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting. A.praises B.praised C.is praised D.was praised4.

32、2021 河北 Everybody deeply after they heard the story. A.moves B.moved C.is moved D.was movedBB動詞的語態(tài)DD對接中考專練5.2021河北 The pet dog is warm and loving. It as a daughter of my family. A.treats B.treated C.is treated D.was treated6.2021河北 Annie to the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A.invites B.is in