2013高考英語考前30天語法精講精練：名詞數(shù)詞冠詞

1、2013 高考英語語法最后 30 天精講精練名詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞一、名詞1、在句子里使用名詞應(yīng)注意的問題：名詞的數(shù)：單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)；名詞的格：通格和屬格（s名詞的限定：特指、泛指、數(shù)量和習(xí)慣用法，即名詞前加冠詞或其它限定詞，例如： some, many , this, my 等2、名詞的數(shù)和單位詞：1 ）復(fù)型名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.備用詞：shoes, stockings, glasses, socksNOTICE:A pair of glasses costs quite

2、a lot.2 ）復(fù)型名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying.備用詞： mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the Un ited StatesB. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.備用詞： five pounds, two feet, six weeks3）集合名詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞The police have surrounded the building.Cattle are selling for record price （倉 U 記錄）備用詞：

3、 the enemy, （the） peopleNOTICE:表示由若干人組成的集合體的單數(shù)詞?？勺鲝?fù)數(shù)用，但若把這個(gè)集合體看作整體就用作單數(shù)：My family are won derful. They do all they can for me.The family which now consists of four members at most js_smaller tha n it used to be.4）不可數(shù)名詞作可數(shù)的情況A.部分不可數(shù)名詞可以有下列情況book can this be?A. Who else sB. Whose elsea (an) + adj. + n

4、.a thirsty for knowledge 求知欲）a heavy rainHe has a good knowledgeof politics.備用詞： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, educationB. 口語特例（特定場合）A （One） beer, please.Two teas and four coffees, please.5）既是可數(shù)又是不可數(shù)的名詞I broke a glassthis morni ng.（杯子）Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）備用詞：paper / a paper, light （光）/ a ligh

5、t （燈）；ice（冰）/ an ice （冰激凌）,chicken（雞肉）/ a chicken （雛雞）6）單位詞A. 個(gè)數(shù)a piece of in formatio n （furniture, advice）B. 以形狀表示個(gè)數(shù)a grain of rice, a flight of stairsC. 容量a box of matches, a cup of teaD. 計(jì)量a metre of cloth, a ton of coalE. 其它a （n ew） set of tools （wires, teeth, rules）3、名詞的格:1) s 勺用法A.與時(shí)間有關(guān)的名詞a n

6、ight sleepten minutes walkNOTICE:a two-hour walktwo hours walkIt looks like rain.book can this be?A. Who else sB. Whose elseB.和else連用C. Who s else D. Whose elseC.修飾的詞，如果前面提到，可省略This is Jack s book,Torti s.2）OF 結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系A(chǔ). 無生命的名詞用 ofthe price of the successB. 有生命的名詞被一個(gè)短語或從句修飾而表示所有關(guān)系時(shí)用ofCan t you look

7、at the book of the boy behi nd you?3）雙重所有格 s 與 of 結(jié)構(gòu)并用，此時(shí) of 結(jié)構(gòu)所修飾的名詞前通常有a, an, two, some, that 等Miss Smith is a friend o f Mary s mother s.that brother of the girl4）名詞+名詞（名詞用作形容詞）A.單數(shù)名詞 + 名詞 a shoe （flower） shop ticket officeNOTICE: the tailor (shop)B.復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 名詞clothes shopwome n pilots、數(shù)詞1 數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意

8、的問題:易錯(cuò)數(shù)詞: 年月日及介詞 計(jì)算用詞2、綜合1) 數(shù)字表達(dá)：123,856,709(A)This book is Jacks not Tom s.D.表示店、鋪、家、診所等，后面的名詞省略at the Gree n(house),at the doctor(office)sports meet和數(shù)字相關(guān)的詞one hun dred and twen ty-three milli on, eight hun dred andfifty-six thousa nd, seve n hun dred and nine2) 年月曰in the morning; on the morning of

9、 September 1;in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)3、計(jì)算+ Six and five is (are) eleve n.Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty. Four from seve n is (leaves)three.Six hun dred minus one hun dred equals five hun dred.X16 x 11 = 176Sixtee n times eleve n is (

10、makes) one hun dred and seve nty-six.-9 七=3Nine divided bythree equals three.4、dozen, scoreA.three dozeneggs; three dozen ofthese eggs; dozens ofeggsB.three scoreyears; a (three) score ofpeople; scores oftimes5、小數(shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，百分比引導(dǎo)的短語作主語時(shí)的主謂一致問題.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)引導(dǎo)的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞 來確定如果是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如

11、果是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可 數(shù)名詞其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.More tha n 40 perce nt of the stude nts wear glasses.70 percent od the fund(資金)was supplied by the Government.6、 一個(gè)半”的表達(dá)法.one pound and a half , one and a half years三、冠詞1、冠詞應(yīng)注意的問題習(xí)慣用法同一名詞前不同名詞的比較2、不定冠詞1）成對的名詞（此類名詞間常有一種自然的聯(lián)系）a knife and fork2) a most + n. 非常 “ This is a most

12、 beautiful country.3) a (an)與 one 之區(qū)別A.數(shù)字對比用 oneIt was one coffee we ordered, not two.B.對比 A knife is no good.（刀子不行）One knife is no good.（一把刀子不行）C.通用 a (one) milli on.a (one) quarter4) a (an) 與 every 之比較：three times a year;twice every three years5）慣用法A.What a surprise !What a lovely dress !quite a n

13、ice day rather a good ideasuch a funny expressi onB.too cold a dayHow lovely a dress!so strange apers onas good amap as3、定冠詞1） 普通名詞組成的專有名詞the Great Wall the Summer Palace2） 江河、海洋、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣the Pacific （Ocea n）3）the + adj. （-ing; -ed）A.指一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)The old are being take n good care of.B.指一類事，謂語用單數(shù)The

14、beautiful is not always the same as the good.4）用在 radio, piano, telephone,方位、次序、自然現(xiàn)象（rain）、身體咅 B 位前He hates the teleph one.5）被定語從句、介詞短語、副詞短語、不定式短語等修飾的名詞前The boy who you are look ing for（in blue, there, sta nding there, dressed in blue ）is a stude nt.4、零冠詞1）街道、廣場、節(jié)假日、季節(jié)、月份、星期、棋類、球類等Natio nal DayNanji

15、 ng Road2）職位充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語、同位語時(shí)He was elected headmaster of the school.3）成對出現(xiàn)的成語arm in arm （手挽手）,hand in hand （手牽手）,face to face,side by side（肩并肩）,day and ni ght,young and old,from door to door,from morning till ni ght,from begi nning to end5、冠詞比較1） go to school （hospital, church）; in prison （ 強(qiáng)調(diào)用途）go to the

16、school,visit the priso n （強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑物本身）2） I ll go thereext Friday.（以說話時(shí)間為準(zhǔn)）In 1989, he was 28, and the next year he was 29.（以所給時(shí)間為準(zhǔn)）3）by air（plane, boat）in a spaceship （ on the bike, on the bus）4）Open the window to let in fresh air.（泛指）The air in the room is not fresh.（特扌旨）s.5） be at tablebe at the table

17、6） a cup of coffeeTwo coffees pleaseI like white coffeeThis is a very good coffeeThe coffee on the table is Tom2. If by any cha nee some one comes to see me, ask them to have a9. Last week I called at my _.A. aunt B. aunts C. auntsD. aunts s10. Youll find this map of gre _in helping you to get round

18、 London.A. priceB. costC. usefu InessD. value7) Mr. White is waiting to see you.A Mr. White is waiting to see you.The Mr. White you are looking for is waiting to see you.8) A horse is a useful ani mal.Horses are useful animals.9) the best seas on of the yearThe horse is a useful animal.the best time

19、 of yearEXERCISES 1(單選)1.-Id likeinformati-Well, you could haveword with the man ager. He might be helpful.A. some, aB. an, someC. some, someD. an, aA. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice3. He dropped theand broke it.A. cupofB. coffees cupC. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup4. There are on ly twelvein th

20、e hospital.A. woma n doctorsB. wome n doctorsC. wome n doctorD. woma n doctor5. -How manydoes a cow have?Four.A. stomachesB. stomachC. stomachsD.stomachines6. The_of the building are covered with lots of _A. roofs, leavesB.rooves, leafsC. roof, leaf(AADBCA)D.roofs, leafs7._ Thatwas a fifty_engine.A.

21、 horse powerB. horses powerC. horse powers8. -How far away is it from here to your school?A. half an hours driveC. half an hour drivesD. horsespowers-ItsaboutB. half11. Alexa nder Graham Bell inven ted _ telephone in 1876.A.不填B. aC. theD.o ne12. -Where Sack ?-1 think he still in _ bed but he might j

22、ust be inbathroom.A.不填， 不填 B. the, theC. the,不填D.不填，the（AACDCD）13. Many people are still in _ habit of writi ng silly things in _public places.A. the, the B.不填，不填C. the,不填 D.不填，the14.She is_n ewcomer to_chemistry bust she has already made someimporta nt discoveries.A. the, the B. the,不填 C. a,不填 D. a

23、, the15. -Have you see n_ pen? I left it here this morni ng.-Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a, theB. the, theC. a, aD. the, a16. Paper money was in _use in China when Marco Polo visited thecountry in_ thirteenth centry.A. the,不填B.不填，the C. the, the D.不填，不填17. The warmth of_sweater

24、will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.A. the, the B. the,不填 C.不填，the D.不填，不填18.Summers in_ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny.A.不填，aB. the,不填C.不填，不填 D. the, the （CCCBBD）19 . A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain.（05 上海卷）（D）A. three times the size as B. the size

25、three times ofC. three times as the size of D. three times the size of20.He proved himself a true gen tlema n and the beauty of his_was see n at its bestwhen he worked with others. （05 上海卷）（D）A. temper B. appeara nee C. tale nt D. character21.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a

26、 pretty good_ ofsat down in an armchair to have a rest.（ the windows）direction. （05 浙江卷）（D）A ideaB feeling C experienceD sense22 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_ .（05 天津卷） （C）A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind23My _ of this weekend s activity is going out with some goo

27、d frie（nd0s5. 安徽卷）（A）A. idea B. opinion C. mindD. thought24 The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _ all over the country. （05 遼寧卷） （B）A companies B branchesCorganizations D businesses25 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. （05 北京春）（ C）A. three-hour B. a three h

28、our C. a three-hour D. three hours26 Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.（ 08 山東） A. 不填； a B. 不填； the C. the; the D. the; aD the internet 表示一類事物， a resource 表示是資源的一種。EXERCISES 2 （改錯(cuò)，每句一個(gè)錯(cuò)）1. After one year hard work, the Senior Three students have already prepared themselves for the entrance exam.（ year s）