(完整word版)初一初二英語時(shí)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、初 一、 初 二 英 語 時(shí) 態(tài) 講 解 與 練 習(xí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞的變化來表現(xiàn)的，通過觀察一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的不同形式可以看出句子的時(shí)態(tài)，表明 發(fā)生的時(shí)間。有些時(shí)態(tài)可以通過時(shí)間狀語來確定，有些則根據(jù)常識來確定。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1 .表示方法：主語除了三單以外的人稱用動(dòng)詞原形，主語是三單（ he, she, it,人名、物名）時(shí)， 動(dòng)詞的表示方法與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣的，即動(dòng)詞的三單。動(dòng)詞的三單變化：一般在動(dòng)詞后加-s;以s, x, o, sh, ch結(jié)尾的加es;以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i,再加es;以f, fe結(jié)尾的變f, fe為v,再加es。2 .哪些情況下用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性

2、的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, always,seldom, every : sometimes, every day/morning/Sunday, on Sunday 等時(shí)間狀語。例如：a. He goes to school every day.他每天去上學(xué)。b. He is very happy.他很開心。c. The earth moves around the sun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（特性）2）在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如： 口，a. If you come this afternoon, we'

3、ll hav戌taWeeing下午過來，我彳門斗各開個(gè)會(huì)。b. When I graduate, I' ll go to countryside.我要去鄉(xiāng)下。3）有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：a. The meeting begins at seven.會(huì)議七點(diǎn)開始。b. The rain starts at nine in the morning.上午九點(diǎn)開始下雨。4）表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞 （

4、be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound等）常用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。a. I like English very much.我非常喜歡英語。b. The story sounds very interesting.這個(gè)故事聽起來很有趣?？偟恼f：表示習(xí)慣、愛好、頻率（經(jīng)常、總是、偶爾）、規(guī)律、事實(shí)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3.動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句1） be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am, is, are否定句：在am, is, are加not一般疑問句：把 am, is, are提到句首I am a teacher. Im not a teacher

5、. Are you a teacher?She is a beautiful girl. She isn t a beautiful. Is she a beautiful girl?They are careful students. They aren 't careful students. Are they careful students?2）實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句：主語除了三單以外的人稱用動(dòng)詞原形，主語是三單（ he, she, it,人名、物名）時(shí)，動(dòng)詞 的表示方法與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣的，即動(dòng)詞的三單。否定句：三單在動(dòng)詞原形前加doesn t,其余人稱加don

6、9;t疑問句：一般在句首加Do,三單在句首加Does后動(dòng)詞還原。I like English. I don 't like English. Do you like English?My mother teaches English. My mother doesn 't teach English Does your mother teach English?二、一般過去時(shí)的用法？1 .表示方法：用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示動(dòng)詞的過去式的表示方法：be 動(dòng)詞的過去式： was, were實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的過去式：一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ed;以e結(jié)尾的加-d,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed,以重

7、讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙寫末尾的輔音字母加ed.特殊的動(dòng)詞的過去式如take-took等要記憶。2 .哪些情況下用一般過去時(shí)1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week, anhour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, once 等。例如：？Where did you go just now?剛才你上哪兒去了？?2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如： ？When I was a child, I often played football in the street.? |我是個(gè)孩

8、子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。？Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.? |那時(shí)，布朗一家無論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。？3）在時(shí)間狀語從句中，由 when引導(dǎo)從句的瞬間性動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。I was watching TV when the rainstorm suddenly came.（ 瞬間性動(dòng)詞）Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against

9、 the windows.（ 瞬間性 動(dòng)詞）4）注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。？例如：?could, wouldCould you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)一下，used to / be used to ?used to + do :"過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如： ？Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。？Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。？be used to + doing :對已感到習(xí)

10、慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如： ？He is used to a vegetarian diet.?Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。?典型例題？Your phone number again? I quite catch it.?A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't?答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。3 . 一般過去時(shí)的否定句和疑問句was, were

11、 的否定句直接在后面加not,疑問句把 was, were 提前。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的否定句在動(dòng)詞原形的前面加didn't,疑問句在句首加Did后動(dòng)詞還原。She was a teacher three years ago.She was not a teacher three years ago.Was she a teacher three years ago?I watched TV yesterday evening.I didn 't watch TV yesterday evening.Did you watch TV yesterday evening?三、一般將來時(shí)的用法

12、1 .一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式“ will或shall +動(dòng)詞原形”；表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事，或某種跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事，其表達(dá)形式be going to+ 動(dòng)詞原形常用的時(shí)間狀語 tomorrow （morning/afternoon/evening） ; next year/month/weeka. Look at the clouds in the sky! It is going to rain. 要下雨 了。 （跡象）b. We are going to have a meeting today.我們今天要開個(gè)會(huì)。 （打算）C. We will have

13、a meeting next Sunday.（ 將來）2.在When, as soon as, if等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，時(shí)態(tài)是主將從現(xiàn)。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, we have a meeting.如果你今天下午過來，我們將開個(gè)會(huì)。b. When I graduate, I' ll go to countryside.我要去鄉(xiāng)下。C. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 .表示方法：am/is/are （助動(dòng)詞）+v-ing（現(xiàn)在分詞）否定句： am/

14、is/are +not+v-ing 疑問句：把a(bǔ)m/is/are提到句首2 .現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成般在動(dòng)詞后力口 -ing 如： work - working , sleep - sleeping , study -studying ;以 e 結(jié)尾的去 e 力口 ing take -taking , make -making , dance -dancing ;重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加 -ing cut cutting put putting beginbeginning以-ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把變成 y 再力口-ing lie lying tie tying die dying3 .現(xiàn)

15、在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語now,其它詞如：look, listen等。She is watering the flowers.Are they working now?They are listening to the teacher.2） always用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中，表示表揚(yáng)、批評、抱怨、責(zé)備等口吻。They are always comparing them with other children.He is always helping others when they are in trouble.3）有些動(dòng)詞即趨向性動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

16、表示將來。這些動(dòng)詞是：come, go, leave, plan,等。I am leaving tomorrow.I am going to Singapore next week.五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示方法： was/were （助動(dòng)詞） +v-ing否定句：was/were+not+v-ing疑問句：把was/were提到句首1 .過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語his time yesterday, at ten o'clockyesterday, at that time , when he came back 等。.We were reading in c

17、lass this time yesterday2 .用于when, while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中.I was drawing a picture when the teacher came in.Aron's arm was caught under a 2000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）While you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.Ben's dad was pu

18、tting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlightsand radio were working.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的表示方法：have/has (助動(dòng)詞)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞否定句：have/has (助動(dòng)詞)+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞疑問句：把have/has提到句首。2 . 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法一般的和動(dòng)詞的過去式的變化是一樣的，特殊的需要記憶。1. 過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的副詞或時(shí)間狀語already ， ?just ， ?bef

19、ore? ， never ， ever, for three years ， since 1990 ， these days2. 表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)I've already posted the letter.We have known each other for ten years.They lived here since 1997.Have you ever been to Beijing?3. have been to 與 have gone to 的區(qū)別have been to 表示去了某地已經(jīng)回來了，have gone to 表示去了某地還沒有回來I

20、 m very tired because I have just been to London.-Where is Miss Smith?-She has gone to the library.練習(xí)一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. Heswimming in the river every day in summer. (go)2. Ityou are right. ( seem )3. Look, the children basketball on the playground. ( play )4. .Heto the radio when I came in, ( listen )

21、5. .It is very cold .I think it . ( rain )6. I need some paper . I some for you . ( bring )7. I can t find my pen . Who it? ( take )8. Imy bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )9. Hedown and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )10.Iwith you if I have time . ( go )11.We will go to the cinema if i

22、ttomorrow . (rain )1 2.I will tell her the news when sheto see me next week. (come)2 4.I will tell her the news when sheto see me next week. (come)15 . “ Wh_e_n youthe car ?” “ In 1998 .” ( buy )16 .Wegood friends since we met at school . ( be)17 .Whatyouat five yesterday afternoon ? (do)18 .The bik

23、e is nice . How much it? (cost)二、選擇最佳答案填空() 1.We ll go swimming if the weather fine tomorrow.A. is B. was C. will be D. is going to be() 2. Itfive years since he has left for Beijing.A. wasB. have been C. is D. is going to be() 3. Please don t leave the office until your friendback.A. came B. comes

24、C. have come D. will come()4. I will tell him as soon as he backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came() 5. Mary on shoes when she them.A. tries buys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies () 6. Listen ! Someonein the next room .A. cried B. crying C. is crying D. has cried() 7.You must tell him th

25、e news as soon as youhim.A. seeB. seesC. will see D. is seeing() 8.Weto the Great Wall several times.A. go B. were going C. have gone D. have been() 9. As shethe newspaper, Grannyasleep.A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D. read , fell()10. He usually TV on Sunday evening.A.

26、watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching()11. We'll go to play with snow if it tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed() 12. The Young Pioneer water for the old man every day.A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries() 13. Some are in the river and some are games.A. swimming playingB. sw

27、imming plaiingC. swimming I playingD. swimming plaing()14. Look ! The boy students are football while the girls are .A. playing dance B. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance() 15. He to do his lessons at eight every evening.A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins()16. he on well w

28、ith his friends this term ?A. Does gets B. Does get C. Is getting D. Is geting()17. Mr Smith short stories, but he a TV play these days.A. is writing - is writing B. is writing- itewrC. writesis writing D. writes writes()18. you out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I .A. Did - went - went B. Did go wentC. Did went did D. Did go did()19. Jack on with his work or to have a rest?A. Did went stopped B. Did go stopC. Did went stop D. Did go stoppe()20. He some cooking at