廣東省2013年高考英語二輪復習 語法熱點突破第八講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

1、2013年高考第二輪復習英語廣東版 語法熱點突破第八講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣一、情態(tài)動詞1情態(tài)動詞具有以下三個特點：（1）后面接動詞原形。（2）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。（3）變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r不需要加助動詞，而是將情態(tài)動詞移至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?；在情態(tài)動詞后加not，構(gòu)成否定句。2“情態(tài)動詞have done”表示推測、必要性情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞用法must have done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進行推測，意為“想必/準是/一定做了某事”can/could have done表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)

2、”；此外，還可表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性，意為“本來可以”may/might （not）have done表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測，用于肯定句中，表示“也許已經(jīng)”；在否定句中表示“可能不”，用might則表示語氣更加不肯定should/ought （not）to have done用于肯定句中，表示“本該做某事，而實際上未做”；用于否定句中，則表示“不該做的事反而做了”needn't have done表示“本來沒必要做某事”，指做了本來不必去做的事They must have_fallen （fall）asleep.I saw Mr. Wang just now.He couldn&

3、#39;t have_gone （go）to Beijing.You could have done better，but you were too careless.You should have come to the meeting earlier.3表示能力，can與be able to一般可互換，但be able to可用于將來時和完成時等時態(tài)；在表示過去具體某次能夠成功做成某事時，只能用was/were able to。4表示請求許可，可說May/Might/Can/Could I .？但表示給予許可時，不能用might/could，即不說you might/could。5must

4、與have to的區(qū)別：must強調(diào)主觀認為“必須”做某事，而have to 強調(diào)客觀上要求“不得不”做某事；have to 有過去式（had to）和將來時（will have to）等時態(tài)；mustn't意為“不準”，don't have toneedn't，意為“不必”。另外，must還可表示“硬要，偏要”。6should可表示“萬一，竟然”。7表示“應該，應當”，should和ought to可互換，只是ought to的語氣稍重；should強調(diào)主觀看法，而ought to強調(diào)客觀要求。8shall在陳述句中表示說話者給對方的承諾、決心、警告、威脅等；也可在法

5、令、條約、規(guī)章中表示強制，意為“必須，應該”。還可以用于Shall I/he .（要不要我/他？好嗎？）。9might/may as well“不妨，還是為好”；had better do sth.“最好做某事”；would rather do sth.“寧愿做某事”。10“cannot help but動詞原形”表示“不得不，只好”。I cannot help but go.11cannot/can never . enough/too .表示“再也不為過”。You cannot be careful enough to cross the road.二、虛擬語氣類別用法例句if引導的條件從

6、句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句謂語動詞：過去式（be用were）主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might動詞原形If he were here，he would help us.與過去事實相反從句謂語動詞：had過去分詞主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞If I had been free，I would have visited you.與將來事實相反從句謂語動詞：過去式/should動詞原形/were不定式主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might動詞原形If it should rain tomorrow，we

7、would not go camping.其他狀語從句as if引導的狀語從句中謂語動詞用過去式（與現(xiàn)在事實不符）或過去完成式（與過去事實不符）The young man with long hair walks as if he were a girl.in order that/so that引導的狀語從句中謂語動詞用can/could/may/might/would等動詞原形Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.賓語從句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的從句中謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”He sug

8、gested that we （should）not change our mind.wish后的從句中謂語動詞分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would動詞原形，表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反I wish I could be a pop singer.主語從句在It is necessary/important/strange that.，It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等從句中，謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”It is strange that such a person should be our friend

9、s.其他句型中It is （high）time that.句型中that從句謂語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形It's high time that we left.would rather所接的從句中that從句謂語動詞用過去式或過去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.if only句型中動詞常用過去式或過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望If only our dream had come true！即時訓練在下列各句中填入適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞1（2011·江西高考）It _ （not）be the postman at the door

10、.It's only six o'clock.2（2011·遼寧高考）If you _ go，at least wait until the storm is over.3（2011·新課標全國高考）They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.4（2011·重慶高考）Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?I wanted to，but my mom simply _ not let me out

11、so late at night.5（2011·浙江高考）How's your new babysitter?We _ （not）ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.6（2011·陜西高考）I _（not）go through that bitter period without your generous help.7（2011·陜西高考）Will you read me a story，Mummy?OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as

12、 possible.8（2011·上海高考）I _（not）worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.9There _（not）be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.10The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be

13、very slow.11I _ not stay for lunch.My brother is coming to see me.12If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to，I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.13Tom，you _ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!14（2011·北京高考）I don't really like James.Why did yo

14、u invite him?Don't worry.He _ not come.He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.15（2011·湖南高考）No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh，you are really his big fan.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1（2011·北京高考）Where are the children？The dinner's going to be completely ruined.I w

15、ish they _ （not be）always late.2（2011·北京高考）Maybe if I _ （study）science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.3（2011·江西高考）We _ （put）John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.4If she _（come）here tomorrow，she _（tell）me that.We know she will f

16、ly to Beijing tomorrow.5If I _（see）him tomorrow，I will give it to him.6I wish I _（have）a room of my own when I was a boy.7I wish I _（go）to university next year，so now I must study much harder.8I suggested that he _（go）there at once.9He insisted he _（send）to the city.10His expression suggested that h

17、e _（pass）the test.11I was ill yesterday.Otherwise，I _（take）part in the sports meeting.12If only I _（see）the film.13You _（come）to the conference yesterday.What was the reason for your absence?14I _（work）out the problem，but I was too nervous.15They insisted that the boy _（go）with them.參考答案第八講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣1can't2must3should4would5couldn't6couldn't7shall8needn't9