考研英語翻譯技巧鍛煉從閱讀名著開始

1、· 考研英語翻譯技巧鍛煉從閱讀名著開始 · · 中國研究生招生信息網(wǎng)   2008年06月13日 16:57 · · 國外一位著名的語言學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過“A word has no meaning unless it is used in a text.”（“一個(gè)詞本身是毫無意義的，除非把它運(yùn)用到一個(gè)文本中”）。文學(xué)名著無疑是最理想的文本。在名著中常常會(huì)有涉及到考研英語中的長難句，同學(xué) 們也可以在繁重的復(fù)習(xí)之余，從名著中培養(yǎng)一下自己的語感。在欣賞名著的同時(shí)，培養(yǎng)英語閱讀技巧與運(yùn)用能力同時(shí)也可以在中文的對(duì)照中學(xué)習(xí)翻譯的技巧。請(qǐng)同學(xué)

2、們閱讀時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解概念或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句子。一、原文：For Jerusha and the ninety-odd other children in the orphanage, the first Wednesday of every month was quite a torturous day. On this day, each child had to be clean and well-groomed, every corner in every room had to be neat and tidy, every floor had to sparkle, and every b

3、ed had to be made perfectly flat so that the tiniest wrinkle would not show. All of this preparation was to get ready for the visit of the Trustees of the orphanage which always fell on this day. Each child had been told time and again that if a Trustee were to ask him or her a question, he or she w

4、as to answer in a clever and respectful way.譯文：對(duì)潔茹以及孤兒院里其他九十幾個(gè)院童來說，每個(gè)月的第一個(gè)禮拜三是一個(gè)十分難熬的日子。在這一天，每一個(gè)院童都必須梳洗得乾乾凈凈，房間 各個(gè)角落都打掃得整整齊齊，連每一塊地板都擦得光潔無比，每一張床鋪都平整得連一小條縐褶都沒有；如此嚴(yán)陣以待，是因?yàn)楣聝涸旱亩麓笕藗冊(cè)谶@一天會(huì)大駕 光臨。每一個(gè)孩子并且也都被再三交代，如果有董事大人問他們什麼話，必須非常乖巧、恭敬地回答。二、原文：Jerusha was the oldest child in the orphanage she was already 18

5、years old. According to the rules, the orphanage only had to keep children up until the age of 16, but Jerusha was an exception. Because her grades were quite good, the orphanage decided to let her continue her studies and allowed her to go to the high school in town. At this point, Jerusha had just

6、 graduated from high school and was just staying to help out around the orphanage.譯文：潔茹是孤兒院里年紀(jì)最大的孩子，她今年已經(jīng)十八歲了。本來按照規(guī)定，孤兒院只養(yǎng)育院童到十六歲，潔茹卻是一個(gè)例外；因?yàn)樗某煽兿喈?dāng)優(yōu)異，院方才決定讓她繼續(xù)升學(xué)，到村子里去念高中。潔茹最近高中剛畢業(yè)，都在院里幫忙。 三、原文：Just as in today''s case, in order to prepare a most perfect Wednesday visit for the Trustees, Jer

7、usha had worked the entire day. Luckily, everything had gone as she had planned, and now the Trustees had heard the orphanage's reports, were sipping tea, and some were even beginning to leave one by one, off to their various other appointments. Watching the Trustees'' shadows as they le

8、ft, Jerusha''s heart once again became filled with visions. Despite the fact that Mrs. Lippett had repeatedly warned her that such fantasies would only torture and upset her, and that having these fantasies would not change reality Mrs. Lippett said Jerusha was doomed to never set foot outsi

9、de the orphanage she could not help but have them all the same. If only one day, she could be just like the Trustees and, carrying her bags, step into a big car and tell the driver to take her home what kind of a feeling would that be？譯文：像今天，為了準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)圓滿的禮拜三，潔茹已經(jīng)忙了一整天。幸好一切都如她所預(yù)料的非常順利，現(xiàn)在董事大人們聽完報(bào)告，享用完茶點(diǎn)，已

10、經(jīng)紛 紛離去，準(zhǔn)備去赴其他的約會(huì)了。望著他們離去的背影，潔茹的心里再一次涌起了幻想。盡管李派特太太不斷告誡她，這樣的幻想只會(huì)折磨她自己，使她更苦惱，并 且也不可能改變事實(shí)她很難離開孤兒院一步的；可是潔茹仍然忍不住會(huì)想，如果有一天，她也能拎著行李，像這些董事大人們一樣，跨進(jìn)轎車，吩咐司機(jī)回家，那 會(huì)是一種什麼樣的感覺？四、原文：For 18 years Jerusha had been living in an orphanage. She was simply unable to imagine what home would be like.譯文：十八年來，潔茹一直生活在孤兒院里，“家”到底

11、是什麼樣子，她根本無從想像！ 五、原文：Just as Jerusha became lost in her thoughts, a little boy ran over looking for her and said that Mrs. Lippett wanted to see her immediately. A little upset, Jerusha headed towards the office, all the time in her heart thinking, What did I do wrong? Were the sandwiches not th

12、in enough? Did the cherry cakes not taste right? Or did one of the Trustees notice the hole in little Susie's stockings?譯文：當(dāng)潔茹正在發(fā)呆的時(shí)候，有一個(gè)小男孩跑來找潔茹，說李派特太太叫她趕快去。潔茹有些不安地朝辦公室走去，心里一直在想：“我做錯(cuò)了什麼嗎？是三明治切得不夠薄？核桃糕的味道不夠好？還是有董事大人看到了小蘇西襪子上的破洞？”六、原文：When Jerusha went downstairs, the light in the big empty hall

13、was not yet on, but she caught a glimpse of the last Trustee getting into his car to leave the orphanage. It was too dark, however, to see the Trustee very clearlyshe could only get a good impression of him from the back. He was quite tall, and had long legs. He looked just like a big, dancing Daddy

14、 Longlegs that was calling for his ride home！譯文：潔茹下樓時(shí)，空蕩蕩大廳中的燈還未點(diǎn)亮，她剛好看見最後一位董事大人正準(zhǔn)備坐進(jìn)車子離去，但因光線太暗，她并沒有看清楚他的樣子，只是從他的背影中得到一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的印象他很高，腿很長，簡直就像一只舞動(dòng)著長腿正在叫車的大蜘蛛！· 歷年考研英語真題中優(yōu)秀短句推薦 · · 中國研究生招生信息網(wǎng)   2008年06月13日 16:48 · · 一、復(fù)合句 1.When a new movement in art attains a certain f

15、ashion,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.（2000年第三篇）2.What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily

16、and openly as once they could,lest they be thought pushing,acquisitive and vulgar.（2000年第五篇）二、并列句While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an ord

17、erly and reasonably connected manner.（1996年第一篇）三、定語從句1.The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they

18、 want most.（1994年第一篇）2.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.（1996年第三篇）四、名詞性從句1.Th

19、at experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering.（1995年第五篇）2.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.（1998年第二篇）3.Online culture thinks

20、highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.（1999年第二篇）4.Replies show that compared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks,and they''''re less li

21、kely to go to church,do volunteer work,or put down roots in a community.（2001年第三篇）五、狀語從句Consumers seem only concerned,not panicked,and many say they remain optimistic about the economy''s long-term prospects,even as they do some modest belt tightening.（2004年第三篇）六、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1.While the leading acto

22、r on the stage captures our attention,we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.（1994年第三篇）2.Discoveries in sciences and technology are thought by untaught minds to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.（1994年第五篇）3.How we see

23、 ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow.（1995年第二篇）4.On the dust jacket of this fine book,Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself. And so it doesand all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.（1996年第五篇）5.Perh

24、aps it is humankind''s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.（1998年第一篇）6.Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.（1998年第四篇）7.But,for a

25、small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not.（1999年第三篇）8.Summer homes,European travel,BMWsthe locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not se

26、em less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.（2000年第五篇）七、分隔結(jié)構(gòu)1.Sir Alexander Fleming did not,as legend would have it,look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.（1994年第五篇）2.With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for what

27、ever Futurist poetry may beeven admitting that the theory on which it is based may be rightit can hardly be classed as Literature.（2000年第三篇）3.Here is an example,which I heard at a nurses convention,of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.（2002年第一篇）八、關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)1

28、.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well,from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.（1998年第三篇）2.The astonishin

29、g distrust of the news media isn''t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.（2001年第三篇）九、難詞與詞組1.Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of.（1995年第一篇）2.The merits of competition by examina

30、tion are somewhat questionable,but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.（1995年第四篇）十、指代The term antiscience can lump together too many,quite different things, notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science,They have in com

31、mon only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.（1998年第三篇）· 考研英語閱讀復(fù)習(xí)三類詞匯須重點(diǎn)掌握 · · 中國研究生招生信息網(wǎng)   2008年06月10日 17:37 · · 閱讀理解是學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)，不僅因其具有實(shí)際的閱讀與理解的鍛煉能力，更因?yàn)槠浞种当壤^大。考生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中，要注意理解文章中詞匯的語義特征。文章中 的某些關(guān)鍵詞也能為考生提供線索。在選擇時(shí)，

32、盡量往這些關(guān)鍵詞上“靠”，可以避免離題太遠(yuǎn)。以下三類詞的作用不容忽視：一、名詞表主題When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend 12 to 50 weekly, but last month two longtim

33、e customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. Im a good economic indicator, she says. I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle brow Dillards department store near her

34、 suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too, she says.文中的這些名詞為考生提供了一條主線，即使沒完全讀懂，但通過這些名詞考生也可以確定這是一篇與經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)的文 章，每句話都沒離開這個(gè)主題。可以設(shè)想一下，如果把其中的任何一句刪去，然后讓考生選擇后補(bǔ)上，在遵循以“經(jīng)濟(jì)”為線索的前提下都是很容易解決的。也就是 說這些名詞表明了這篇文章的主題。二、動(dòng)詞表變化All of this caused a crisis

35、 of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid 1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.動(dòng)詞是各種變化最明顯的體現(xiàn)，它可以表明文中所述