初中英語語法整理人教版

1、詞匯 單詞1. 介詞： in, on, under, behind, near, at, of1) . in表示"在中","在內(nèi)"。例如：in our class 在我們班上 in my bag 在我的書包里in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom在教室里2) . on 表示 " 在上 " 。例如：on the wall 在墻上 on the desk 在桌子上on the blackboard 在黑板上3) . under 表示在下。例如：under the tree 在樹下 under the chair

2、在椅子下under the bed 在床下4) . behind 表示在后面。例如：behind the door 在門后 behind the tree在樹后5) . near 表示"在附近"。例如：6) . at 表示"在處"。例如：at school 在學校 at home 在家at the door 在門口7) . of表示"的"。例如：a picture of our classroom 我們教室的一幅畫a map of China 一張中國地圖2. 冠詞 a / an / the:冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前，用來署名名詞所

3、指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和 定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式，即 a 和 an。 a 用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前，如 a book; an 用在以元音音素開頭的字母前，如 an apple.a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，泛指某類人或某物中的一個。This is a cat.這是一只貓。It's an English book.這是一本英語書His father is a worker.他的爸爸是個工人。the 既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前，表示某個或某些特定的人 或事物，也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。Who's the boy in the hat?戴帽子的男孩是

4、誰呀 What can you see in the classroom? I can see a bag. Where's the bag? It's on the desk. 你能在教室里看到什么呀 我能看見一個書包。 書包在哪呀 在桌子上。3. some 和 any在肯定句中用some .例如:Lucy has some good books 露西有一些好書。在疑問句和否認句中用 any。例如：Is there any ink in your pen? 你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎There i

5、sn't any water in the glass.杯子里沒有水。記住它們的特殊用法。 some亦可用于表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中，這一點我們不久就會學到。例如：Would you like to have some apples? 你想吃蘋果嗎 any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：Any one of us can do this. 我們當中任何一個都能做這個。some 和 any 的用法是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點，希望大家能準確地掌握它們的用法。4. familyfamily看作為一個整體時，意思是家庭，后面的謂語動詞be用單數(shù)

6、形式is ；be 應(yīng)用 are 。如把 family 看作為家庭成員時，應(yīng)理解為復數(shù)，后面的謂語動詞我的家庭是個大家庭他的家人都是工人He isn't at home now.他現(xiàn)在不在家。My family is a big family.My family are all at home now. 我的家人現(xiàn)在都在家。Family強調(diào)由家人組成的一個集體或強調(diào)這個集體中的成員。home指個人出生、被撫養(yǎng)長大的環(huán)境和居住地點。 house 指"家"、 " 房屋"，側(cè)重居住的建筑本身。His family are all workers.My h

7、ome is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。It's a picture of my family.這是一張我全家的照片。5. little 的用法a little dog 一只小狗， a little boy 一個小男孩。 little 常用來修飾有生命的 名詞。*但 little 還可表示否認意義，意為 " 少的 " ，加不可數(shù)名詞There is little time.幾乎沒時間了There is little water in the cup.杯中水很少。 詞組on the desk 在桌子上under the chair 在椅子下面in her

8、pencil-box在她的鉛筆盒中near the door 在門附近a picture of a classroom一個教室的圖片look at the picture 看這張圖片the teacher's desk講桌a map of China 一張中國地圖family tree 家譜have a seat 坐下，就坐this way 這邊走二 . 日常用語1. Come and meet my family.2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.3. Glad to meet you.4. What can you see in the

9、picture?I can see a clock / some books.5. Can you see an orange?Yes, I can. / No, I can't.6. Where's Shenzhen?It's near Hong Kong.7. Let me see. 口語讓我想想看。see 在這是 "明白、懂了 " ，不可譯作 " 看見" 。例如：8. Please have a seat.seat 表示" 座位" ，是個名詞。 have a seat 表示 "就坐 "

10、 ，也可以說 take a seat, 和 sit down 的意思相同。三 . 語法1. 名詞所有格名詞如要表示與后面名詞的所有關(guān)系，通常用名詞所有格的形式，意為"的"0一般有以下幾種形式： 1 . 一般情況下在詞尾加 "'s" 0例如：Kate's father Kate的爸爸my mother's friend 我媽媽的朋友 2. 如果復數(shù)名詞以 s 結(jié)尾，只加 "'" 。例如：Teachers' Day 教師節(jié)The boys' game 男孩們的游戲 3 . 如果復數(shù)名詞不以

11、s 結(jié)尾，仍加 "'s" 。例如：Children's Day 兒童節(jié)Women's Day 婦女節(jié) 4 . 表示兩個或幾個共有時，所有格應(yīng)加在后一個名詞上。例如：Lucy and Lily's room Lucy和 Lily 的房間Kate and Jim's father Kate 和 Jim 的爸爸動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加 "'s" ，而常常用介詞 of 的短語來 表示。a map of China 一幅中國地圖the name of her cat她的貓的名字a picture

12、of my family 我的家庭的一張照片2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主 語，讀時用降調(diào)。為使語氣委婉、禮貌，常在句首或句尾加 please 。在句尾時， please 前多用逗號。 1 . 祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。Go and see. 去看看。Come in, please. 請進。 2 . 祈使句的否認形式常用 don't 于句首。Don't look at your books. 不要看書。Don't play on the road. 不要在馬路上玩。3. There be 的句子結(jié)構(gòu)T

13、here be 是一個 "存在"句型，表示 " 有" 的意思，肯定句的形式為： There be + 名詞單數(shù)或復數(shù) +地點狀語或時間狀語。be動詞單復數(shù)確實定，看 be后邊第一個名詞，當所接主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時， be動詞形式為is ;當所接主語為復數(shù)名詞時，be動詞為are ;當be動詞后接兩個以上主語時， be 動詞與最臨近主語保持數(shù)上的一致。意思為 "某地有某人或某物 "如：There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and an erase

14、r on the desk. 1 there be 的否認句，即在 be 的后面加上 not桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。否認形式為： There be + not + any +There is not any cat in the room.There aren't any books on the desk. 2 there be 句型的疑問句就是將 狀語肯定答復： Yes, there is / are.-Is there a dog in the picture?-Yes, there is.有。-Are there any boats in the

15、river?-No, there aren't.沒有。名詞+地點狀語。房間里沒貓。桌子上沒書。be 提到句首： Be there + (any) + 名詞 +地點否認答復： No, there isn't / aren't.畫上有一只狗嗎河里有船嗎 3特殊疑問句： How many . . . are there +地點狀語 " 某地有多少人或物答復用 There be . . .There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .有時直接就用數(shù)字來答復。 One. / Two . . .教室里有多少學生H

16、ow much water is there in the cup?How much food is there in the bowl?I. be 動詞 ( 用 be 動詞的正確形式填空1. _ your grandmother thin or chubby (杯中有多少水碗里有多少食物 英語語法練習題 )胖乎乎的 ) ?-How many students are there in the classroom?-There's only one. / There are nine.只有一個。 / 有九個。( 4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，用： How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is

17、 there +地點狀語2. Where your book on snakes?3. Where my pencil case and my notebook?4. There nine people in my family.5. -How much _ the exercise book and the magazine? That _ ninetydollars.6. Ben a middle school student, and his parents architects.7. Scott likes action movies best. His favorite actors

18、 Jackie Chanand Jet Li.8. - What color your shoes? - Black.9. - Hello. My name Jack. This is my friend. His name Tom.- Nice to meet you. I Rick.10. you still a librarian? No, I an accountant now.II. 用 a ， an， the 或者 填空1) There is water on the floor.2) There is _ orange on desk.3) What do you know ab

19、out pandas?4) I want to have chicken for dinner.5) There is fish in the bow. Look! It can swim very fast.6) There is m' in climb ' and there is u' in country7) I don ' t like broccoli but I like apples.8) My brother is engineer, and my sister is executive now.9) I don 't like mov

20、ie. It ' s boring.10) Jenny 's birthday is Nov. 12th.11) -Let 's go and play chess.-Sorry, I ' m afraid I can 't. It 's time for me to play piano.12) He usually has his breakfast at 7:00am and goes to schoolat 7:30.IV. 寫出以下名詞的復數(shù)形式1) Cemetery 2) tooth 3) country 4) month5) san

21、dwich 6) brush 7) candy bar 8) kangaroo 9)man 10) day 11) watch 12) photo 13) orange 14)dictionary 15) tomato 16) dollar 17) peach 18)strawberry 19)church20)child V. 用動詞的正確形式填空1. You from India. Brian from Korea. And I from China.(be)(speak)2. I Chinese and English. Brian _ German, Chinese and Engli

22、sh.3. George from Italy but he spaghetti very much. (come,like)4. Penguins in Antarctica. It 's cold, so no people want _ there.(live)5. The movie is very scary. I it is a good movie for kids.(think)6. - Can I your dictionary?-I amsorry. My dictionary is at home but I think Mary one. (have)7. We

23、 are in the music club. Tom the piano. Michael and Diana the violin. I the guitar. (play)8. The 1st class (start)at 8:00 o'clock and it (be) over at 8:40.9. His mother is a teacher. She (teach) Chinese in our school.10. I usually (come) to the classroom at 7:00 am. But he always (come) to school

24、 at 7:50 am.11. Julia always (go) shopping by car. But sometimes she (take)a bus.12. - (Do) your father usually help you with your homework?13. -Yes, he (do).14. He _(not go) home on weekends. So he always (wash) clothes byhimself.15. Peter _ (speak) English very well. He can also (speak) French and

25、German.16. David (not play ) football. He only (watch) the football gameson TV.17. Mybrother and I _(want) to go to see an action movie. _(do) you want to go?18. My uncle ( not need ) a calculator.19. -( Do ) Peter have a baseball ?- Yes, he (do), and he two baseball bats.20. Mum, can you ( take ) m

26、e to the tennis club?21. - May I help you?- Yes, I ( look ) for a book on gardening.III. 選擇正確的介詞填空in after on for at with to behind of by1. My family often buy clothes HuaXing store weekends.2. Can you help the children English? You may come our club.3. I 'm looking some presents. These shops ma

27、y have many kinds things sale. Save your money till then!4. How many cities are there Greece? -I don' t know.5. Look, the birds are the tree!6. When is her birthday? I can' t remember It ' sJanuary.the7. Mr. Green always goes to work _ bus. He has to get up _ 6 o' clockmorning.8. Com

28、e on! I ' m hungry. What do we have dinner?9. Don ' t eat and read night. That is bad your health.10. Come and see yourself Wendy ' s store!11. We live London. How about you? Where do you come ?12. Sunday morning, I usually sleep late home.13. Jack is shorter than Sam, but Jack is sittin

29、g Sam .14. Here is a photo your family.15. There aren ' t manypeople _the train five o'clock _ the morning.VI. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習Part 1 ： 單復數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換。1. How much is that?2. Is your uncle behind the armchair?3. They go to the park by bus.4. There are buses to Manchester every day.5. A kangaroo can jump 30 kilo

30、meters an hour.6. Here are some good newspapers.7. They can ' t walk.8. She doesn ' t have an orange hat.9. They are army officers.10. Baby koala bears aren ' t very big but adult polar bears are very strong.Part 2 ：將以下句子改為一般疑問句 , 并作肯定和否認兩種答復。1. I have a dictionary.2. There are a lot of

31、animals in the zoo.3. He does his homework at night.4. Dogs live in all parts of the world.5. Greenfield is a small village in England.Part 3 :將以下句子改為否認句。1. There is a very high waterfall in Venezuela.2. Egypt has a very long river.3. She does her homework every day.4. I come to school by bus.5. She

32、 can swim very well.Part 4 :對劃線局部提問。1. There is one radio in the living room.2. The library is behind the police station.3. Baby koala bears are only 2 centimeters tall.4. They can jump and swim.5. You can check out three6. Peter does his homework with Mary.7. Kan garoos live in Australia.8. Vera an

33、d Hillary come from England.9. He' s buying bananas at the store.10. They are secretaries.Part5 :綜合句型練習:1. My friend Tom usually goes to see acti on movies on weeke nds.分提問2. Tom has a red jacket and a blue sweater. 就畫線局部提問3. Mom s keys are in the drawer.就畫線局部提問4. The yellow hat is 10 dollars.就畫

34、線局部提問5. My grandfather likes documentaries.改為否認句6. My mother usually goes to see action movies.改為一般疑問句答復7. Is it a red tomato? 改為復數(shù)句8. That is my family photo. 改為復數(shù)句就畫線部,并做否認初一英語語法練習題1. Is 2.is 3.are 4.are 5.are; is6.is;are 7.are 8.are 9.is,is,am 10.Are ; ' mII. 用 a ， an，the 或者 填空1./ 2.an,the 3.

35、the 4./ 5.a 6.an,a 7.a, an 8.an,an 9.the 10./ 11./ 12./ 13./ /IV. 寫出以下名詞的復數(shù)形式1) Cemeteries 2) teeth 3) countries4) months5) sandwiches 6) brushes7) candy bars 8) kangaroos 9)men 10) days11) watches 12)photos13)oranges14)dictionaries15) tomatoes 16) dollars17) peaches18) strawberries 19)churches20) c

36、hildrenV. 用動詞的正確形式填空7. 1.are_,is,am2.speak ,speaks; 3 es,likes4.live,to live ; 5.don 't think 6.borrow_ _has_8.starts,is;9.teaches;11.goes_takes;7.is playing ,are playing_, am playing10 e,comes;12Does ,does_13.does ' tgo,washes;14speaks,speak;15.does n' t, play_watches;16.want,do; 17.doe

37、sn' t need_18.Does_, doeshas_ 19.take 20. am lookingIII. 選擇正確的介詞填空1. in, at 2. in, to 3. at, with, on 4. in 5. in 6. in 7. by, at, in,8. for 9. at, for 10. by, at 11. in, from 12. On, at 13. behind 14. in15. ,on, at, inVI. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習Part 1 ： 單復數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換。1.How much are these? 2.Are your uncles behind the a

38、rmchair?3.He goes to the park by bus. 4.There is a bus to Manchester every day.5.Some kangaroos can jump 30 kilometers an hour.6. Here is a piece of newspaper. 7.He can' t walk.8.They don ' t have an orange hat. 9.He is an army officer.10.Baby koala bear isn't very big but adult polar bear is very strong.t have.Part 2 ： 將以下句子改為一般疑問句 , 并作肯定和否認兩種答復。1.Do