初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法整理人教版

1、詞匯 單詞1. 介詞： in, on, under, behind, near, at, of1) . in表示"在中","在內(nèi)"。例如：in our class 在我們班上 in my bag 在我的書(shū)包里in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom在教室里2) . on 表示 " 在上 " 。例如：on the wall 在墻上 on the desk 在桌子上on the blackboard 在黑板上3) . under 表示在下。例如：under the tree 在樹(shù)下 under the chair

2、在椅子下under the bed 在床下4) . behind 表示在后面。例如：behind the door 在門(mén)后 behind the tree在樹(shù)后5) . near 表示"在附近"。例如：6) . at 表示"在處"。例如：at school 在學(xué)校 at home 在家at the door 在門(mén)口7) . of表示"的"。例如：a picture of our classroom 我們教室的一幅畫(huà)a map of China 一張中國(guó)地圖2. 冠詞 a / an / the:冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前，用來(lái)署名名詞所

3、指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和 定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個(gè)形式，即 a 和 an。 a 用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前，如 a book; an 用在以元音音素開(kāi)頭的字母前，如 an apple.a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，泛指某類(lèi)人或某物中的一個(gè)。This is a cat.這是一只貓。It's an English book.這是一本英語(yǔ)書(shū)His father is a worker.他的爸爸是個(gè)工人。the 既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前，表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人 或事物，也可以指上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。Who's the boy in the hat?戴帽子的男孩是

4、誰(shuí)呀 What can you see in the classroom? I can see a bag. Where's the bag? It's on the desk. 你能在教室里看到什么呀 我能看見(jiàn)一個(gè)書(shū)包。 書(shū)包在哪呀 在桌子上。3. some 和 any在肯定句中用some .例如:Lucy has some good books 露西有一些好書(shū)。在疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句中用 any。例如：Is there any ink in your pen? 你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎There i

5、sn't any water in the glass.杯子里沒(méi)有水。記住它們的特殊用法。 some亦可用于表示盼望得到對(duì)方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中，這一點(diǎn)我們不久就會(huì)學(xué)到。例如：Would you like to have some apples? 你想吃蘋(píng)果嗎 any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：Any one of us can do this. 我們當(dāng)中任何一個(gè)都能做這個(gè)。some 和 any 的用法是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)，希望大家能準(zhǔn)確地掌握它們的用法。4. familyfamily看作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)，意思是家庭，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be用單數(shù)

6、形式is ；be 應(yīng)用 are 。如把 family 看作為家庭成員時(shí)，應(yīng)理解為復(fù)數(shù)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞我的家庭是個(gè)大家庭他的家人都是工人He isn't at home now.他現(xiàn)在不在家。My family is a big family.My family are all at home now. 我的家人現(xiàn)在都在家。Family強(qiáng)調(diào)由家人組成的一個(gè)集體或強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的成員。home指?jìng)€(gè)人出生、被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的環(huán)境和居住地點(diǎn)。 house 指"家"、 " 房屋"，側(cè)重居住的建筑本身。His family are all workers.My h

7、ome is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。It's a picture of my family.這是一張我全家的照片。5. little 的用法a little dog 一只小狗， a little boy 一個(gè)小男孩。 little 常用來(lái)修飾有生命的 名詞。*但 little 還可表示否認(rèn)意義，意為 " 少的 " ，加不可數(shù)名詞There is little time.幾乎沒(méi)時(shí)間了There is little water in the cup.杯中水很少。 詞組on the desk 在桌子上under the chair 在椅子下面in her

8、pencil-box在她的鉛筆盒中near the door 在門(mén)附近a picture of a classroom一個(gè)教室的圖片look at the picture 看這張圖片the teacher's desk講桌a map of China 一張中國(guó)地圖family tree 家譜have a seat 坐下，就坐this way 這邊走二 . 日常用語(yǔ)1. Come and meet my family.2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.3. Glad to meet you.4. What can you see in the

9、picture?I can see a clock / some books.5. Can you see an orange?Yes, I can. / No, I can't.6. Where's Shenzhen?It's near Hong Kong.7. Let me see. 口語(yǔ)讓我想想看。see 在這是 "明白、懂了 " ，不可譯作 " 看見(jiàn)" 。例如：8. Please have a seat.seat 表示" 座位" ，是個(gè)名詞。 have a seat 表示 "就坐 "

10、 ，也可以說(shuō) take a seat, 和 sit down 的意思相同。三 . 語(yǔ)法1. 名詞所有格名詞如要表示與后面名詞的所有關(guān)系，通常用名詞所有格的形式，意為"的"0一般有以下幾種形式： 1 . 一般情況下在詞尾加 "'s" 0例如：Kate's father Kate的爸爸my mother's friend 我媽媽的朋友 2. 如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞以 s 結(jié)尾，只加 "'" 。例如：Teachers' Day 教師節(jié)The boys' game 男孩們的游戲 3 . 如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞不以

11、s 結(jié)尾，仍加 "'s" 。例如：Children's Day 兒童節(jié)Women's Day 婦女節(jié) 4 . 表示兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)共有時(shí)，所有格應(yīng)加在后一個(gè)名詞上。例如：Lucy and Lily's room Lucy和 Lily 的房間Kate and Jim's father Kate 和 Jim 的爸爸動(dòng)物和無(wú)生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加 "'s" ，而常常用介詞 of 的短語(yǔ)來(lái) 表示。a map of China 一幅中國(guó)地圖the name of her cat她的貓的名字a picture

12、of my family 我的家庭的一張照片2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主 語(yǔ)，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。為使語(yǔ)氣委婉、禮貌，常在句首或句尾加 please 。在句尾時(shí)， please 前多用逗號(hào)。 1 . 祈使句肯定形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用動(dòng)詞原形。Go and see. 去看看。Come in, please. 請(qǐng)進(jìn)。 2 . 祈使句的否認(rèn)形式常用 don't 于句首。Don't look at your books. 不要看書(shū)。Don't play on the road. 不要在馬路上玩。3. There be 的句子結(jié)構(gòu)T

13、here be 是一個(gè) "存在"句型，表示 " 有" 的意思，肯定句的形式為： There be + 名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù) +地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)確實(shí)定，看 be后邊第一個(gè)名詞，當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)， be動(dòng)詞形式為is ;當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞為are ;當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)時(shí)， be 動(dòng)詞與最臨近主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。意思為 "某地有某人或某物 "如：There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and an erase

14、r on the desk. 1 there be 的否認(rèn)句，即在 be 的后面加上 not桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。否認(rèn)形式為： There be + not + any +There is not any cat in the room.There aren't any books on the desk. 2 there be 句型的疑問(wèn)句就是將 狀語(yǔ)肯定答復(fù)： Yes, there is / are.-Is there a dog in the picture?-Yes, there is.有。-Are there any boats in the

15、river?-No, there aren't.沒(méi)有。名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。房間里沒(méi)貓。桌子上沒(méi)書(shū)。be 提到句首： Be there + (any) + 名詞 +地點(diǎn)否認(rèn)答復(fù)： No, there isn't / aren't.畫(huà)上有一只狗嗎河里有船嗎 3特殊疑問(wèn)句： How many . . . are there +地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) " 某地有多少人或物答復(fù)用 There be . . .There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .有時(shí)直接就用數(shù)字來(lái)答復(fù)。 One. / Two . . .教室里有多少學(xué)生H

16、ow much water is there in the cup?How much food is there in the bowl?I. be 動(dòng)詞 ( 用 be 動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1. _ your grandmother thin or chubby (杯中有多少水碗里有多少食物 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題 )胖乎乎的 ) ?-How many students are there in the classroom?-There's only one. / There are nine.只有一個(gè)。 / 有九個(gè)。( 4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，用： How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is

17、 there +地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)2. Where your book on snakes?3. Where my pencil case and my notebook?4. There nine people in my family.5. -How much _ the exercise book and the magazine? That _ ninetydollars.6. Ben a middle school student, and his parents architects.7. Scott likes action movies best. His favorite actors

18、 Jackie Chanand Jet Li.8. - What color your shoes? - Black.9. - Hello. My name Jack. This is my friend. His name Tom.- Nice to meet you. I Rick.10. you still a librarian? No, I an accountant now.II. 用 a ， an， the 或者 填空1) There is water on the floor.2) There is _ orange on desk.3) What do you know ab

19、out pandas?4) I want to have chicken for dinner.5) There is fish in the bow. Look! It can swim very fast.6) There is m' in climb ' and there is u' in country7) I don ' t like broccoli but I like apples.8) My brother is engineer, and my sister is executive now.9) I don 't like mov

20、ie. It ' s boring.10) Jenny 's birthday is Nov. 12th.11) -Let 's go and play chess.-Sorry, I ' m afraid I can 't. It 's time for me to play piano.12) He usually has his breakfast at 7:00am and goes to schoolat 7:30.IV. 寫(xiě)出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1) Cemetery 2) tooth 3) country 4) month5) san

21、dwich 6) brush 7) candy bar 8) kangaroo 9)man 10) day 11) watch 12) photo 13) orange 14)dictionary 15) tomato 16) dollar 17) peach 18)strawberry 19)church20)child V. 用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1. You from India. Brian from Korea. And I from China.(be)(speak)2. I Chinese and English. Brian _ German, Chinese and Engli

22、sh.3. George from Italy but he spaghetti very much. (come,like)4. Penguins in Antarctica. It 's cold, so no people want _ there.(live)5. The movie is very scary. I it is a good movie for kids.(think)6. - Can I your dictionary?-I amsorry. My dictionary is at home but I think Mary one. (have)7. We

23、 are in the music club. Tom the piano. Michael and Diana the violin. I the guitar. (play)8. The 1st class (start)at 8:00 o'clock and it (be) over at 8:40.9. His mother is a teacher. She (teach) Chinese in our school.10. I usually (come) to the classroom at 7:00 am. But he always (come) to school

24、 at 7:50 am.11. Julia always (go) shopping by car. But sometimes she (take)a bus.12. - (Do) your father usually help you with your homework?13. -Yes, he (do).14. He _(not go) home on weekends. So he always (wash) clothes byhimself.15. Peter _ (speak) English very well. He can also (speak) French and

25、German.16. David (not play ) football. He only (watch) the football gameson TV.17. Mybrother and I _(want) to go to see an action movie. _(do) you want to go?18. My uncle ( not need ) a calculator.19. -( Do ) Peter have a baseball ?- Yes, he (do), and he two baseball bats.20. Mum, can you ( take ) m

26、e to the tennis club?21. - May I help you?- Yes, I ( look ) for a book on gardening.III. 選擇正確的介詞填空in after on for at with to behind of by1. My family often buy clothes HuaXing store weekends.2. Can you help the children English? You may come our club.3. I 'm looking some presents. These shops ma

27、y have many kinds things sale. Save your money till then!4. How many cities are there Greece? -I don' t know.5. Look, the birds are the tree!6. When is her birthday? I can' t remember It ' sJanuary.the7. Mr. Green always goes to work _ bus. He has to get up _ 6 o' clockmorning.8. Com

28、e on! I ' m hungry. What do we have dinner?9. Don ' t eat and read night. That is bad your health.10. Come and see yourself Wendy ' s store!11. We live London. How about you? Where do you come ?12. Sunday morning, I usually sleep late home.13. Jack is shorter than Sam, but Jack is sittin

29、g Sam .14. Here is a photo your family.15. There aren ' t manypeople _the train five o'clock _ the morning.VI. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)Part 1 ： 單復(fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換。1. How much is that?2. Is your uncle behind the armchair?3. They go to the park by bus.4. There are buses to Manchester every day.5. A kangaroo can jump 30 kilo

30、meters an hour.6. Here are some good newspapers.7. They can ' t walk.8. She doesn ' t have an orange hat.9. They are army officers.10. Baby koala bears aren ' t very big but adult polar bears are very strong.Part 2 ：將以下句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句 , 并作肯定和否認(rèn)兩種答復(fù)。1. I have a dictionary.2. There are a lot of

31、animals in the zoo.3. He does his homework at night.4. Dogs live in all parts of the world.5. Greenfield is a small village in England.Part 3 :將以下句子改為否認(rèn)句。1. There is a very high waterfall in Venezuela.2. Egypt has a very long river.3. She does her homework every day.4. I come to school by bus.5. She

32、 can swim very well.Part 4 :對(duì)劃線局部提問(wèn)。1. There is one radio in the living room.2. The library is behind the police station.3. Baby koala bears are only 2 centimeters tall.4. They can jump and swim.5. You can check out three6. Peter does his homework with Mary.7. Kan garoos live in Australia.8. Vera an

33、d Hillary come from England.9. He' s buying bananas at the store.10. They are secretaries.Part5 :綜合句型練習(xí):1. My friend Tom usually goes to see acti on movies on weeke nds.分提問(wèn)2. Tom has a red jacket and a blue sweater. 就畫(huà)線局部提問(wèn)3. Mom s keys are in the drawer.就畫(huà)線局部提問(wèn)4. The yellow hat is 10 dollars.就畫(huà)

34、線局部提問(wèn)5. My grandfather likes documentaries.改為否認(rèn)句6. My mother usually goes to see action movies.改為一般疑問(wèn)句答復(fù)7. Is it a red tomato? 改為復(fù)數(shù)句8. That is my family photo. 改為復(fù)數(shù)句就畫(huà)線部,并做否認(rèn)初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題1. Is 2.is 3.are 4.are 5.are; is6.is;are 7.are 8.are 9.is,is,am 10.Are ; ' mII. 用 a ， an，the 或者 填空1./ 2.an,the 3.

35、the 4./ 5.a 6.an,a 7.a, an 8.an,an 9.the 10./ 11./ 12./ 13./ /IV. 寫(xiě)出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1) Cemeteries 2) teeth 3) countries4) months5) sandwiches 6) brushes7) candy bars 8) kangaroos 9)men 10) days11) watches 12)photos13)oranges14)dictionaries15) tomatoes 16) dollars17) peaches18) strawberries 19)churches20) c

36、hildrenV. 用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空7. 1.are_,is,am2.speak ,speaks; 3 es,likes4.live,to live ; 5.don 't think 6.borrow_ _has_8.starts,is;9.teaches;11.goes_takes;7.is playing ,are playing_, am playing10 e,comes;12Does ,does_13.does ' tgo,washes;14speaks,speak;15.does n' t, play_watches;16.want,do; 17.doe

37、sn' t need_18.Does_, doeshas_ 19.take 20. am lookingIII. 選擇正確的介詞填空1. in, at 2. in, to 3. at, with, on 4. in 5. in 6. in 7. by, at, in,8. for 9. at, for 10. by, at 11. in, from 12. On, at 13. behind 14. in15. ,on, at, inVI. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)Part 1 ： 單復(fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換。1.How much are these? 2.Are your uncles behind the a

38、rmchair?3.He goes to the park by bus. 4.There is a bus to Manchester every day.5.Some kangaroos can jump 30 kilometers an hour.6. Here is a piece of newspaper. 7.He can' t walk.8.They don ' t have an orange hat. 9.He is an army officer.10.Baby koala bear isn't very big but adult polar bear is very strong.t have.Part 2 ： 將以下句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句 , 并作肯定和否認(rèn)兩種答復(fù)。1.Do