無人機的中英文對照(共3頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)無人駕駛飛機An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an  without a human  onboard. Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the  of a , or  

2、;(in military UAVs called a  on UCAVs) on the ground or in another vehicle.無人駕駛飛機,俗稱無人機,即無需駕駛員在機內(nèi)駕駛的飛機。其飛行時接受的并不是機內(nèi)電腦的自動控制，也不是導(dǎo)航員的遠程控制，更不是來自地面或另一飛機上無人作戰(zhàn)機指揮官的控制.There are a wide variety of drone shapes, sizes, configurations, and characteristics. Historically, UAVs were simple remotely pilo

3、ted , but autonomous control is increasingly being employed. 無人機種類繁多,在外形、大小、結(jié)構(gòu)和性能上各有千秋。過去無人駕駛飛機只是簡單的遠程人工駕駛飛機，而現(xiàn)在越來越多的的無人機都采用了自動控制駕駛。Their largest use is within  applications. UAVs are also used in a small but growing number of civil applications, such as  or nonmilitary secu

4、rity work, such as surveillance of pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty, or dangerous" for manned aircraft. 無人機最廣泛地運用于軍事領(lǐng)域，在民用領(lǐng)域，如消防事業(yè)或管道監(jiān)控這樣的非軍事保障工作中也占有小額比重，并有所增長。對載人飛機來說，那些“無聊、骯臟或危險的”任務(wù)，就可以利用無人機來執(zhí)行。HistoryThe earliest attempt at a powered unmanned ae

5、rial vehicle was 's "" of 1916.  described a fleet of unmanned aerial combat vehicles in 1915. A number of  airplane advances followed, including the , during and after , including the first scale RPV (Remote Piloted Vehicle), developed by the fi

6、lm star and  enthusiast  in 1935. More were made in the technology rush during  these were used both to train antiaircraft gunners and to fly attack missions.  were applied after World War II, in such types as the   of 1951, while companies like 

7、; also got in the game with their  for the  in 1955. Nevertheless, they were little more than remote-controlled airplanes until the . 機動無人駕駛飛機最早的開發(fā)在1916年 A.M 羅的“空中目標”里。尼古拉·泰斯拉曾于1915年提出建造無人駕駛作戰(zhàn)機隊的構(gòu)想。隨之而來的是一系列遠程控制飛機的進步，如休伊特·斯佩里開發(fā)的自動化飛機；在一戰(zhàn)期間及其結(jié)束后， 還有由電

8、影演員、飛機模型愛好者雷金納德丹尼于1935年研發(fā)的第一架遠程人工駕駛飛機。二戰(zhàn)期間，科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛的發(fā)展使無人機有了更多的進步，無人機不僅用于訓(xùn)練防空炮手，還用于空中攻擊訓(xùn)練。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，無人機增添了噴氣發(fā)動機這一配置，這樣配置的飛機有泰勒雷恩公司1951年研發(fā)的AGM-34火蜂，還有山毛櫸飛機公司于1955年為美國海軍艦隊研發(fā)的1001。The birth of U.S. UAVs (called RPVs at the time) began in 1959 when  (USAF) officers, concerned about losing  

9、;over hostile territory, began planning for the use of  flights.  This plan became intensified when  and his "secret"  were shot down over the  in 1960. Within days, the highly  UAV program was launched under the code name of "Red Wago

10、n."  The August 2 and August 4, 1964, clash in the  between naval units of the U.S. and North Vietnamese Navy initiated America's highly classified UAVs into their first combat missions of the .  When the "Red Chinese" showed photographs of downed U.S

11、. UAVs via Wide World Photos, the official U.S. response was, "no comment."美國無人機（當(dāng)時稱為遠程控制飛機）的誕生始于1959，這是由于美國空軍指揮官在考慮到反恐行動中的飛行員損傷后，決心使用無人飛行機。1960年在弗蘭西斯加里鮑爾斯的U-2 隱形戰(zhàn)機蘇聯(lián)擊落事件后，這一計劃的開展得以加速。數(shù)日之內(nèi)，高度機密的無人機項目便以“紅色小馬車”為代號開始運行了。1964年8月2號及8月4號，在東京灣爆發(fā)的美國海軍部門與越南北方海軍的沖突事件，即標志著美國高度機密的無人機項目第一次在越戰(zhàn)

12、中執(zhí)行軍事任務(wù)。而在中國共產(chǎn)黨在“世界照片博覽”中展示美國無人機的照片后，美國空軍方面的回復(fù)卻是，“無可奉告”。Only on February 26, 1973, during testimony before the , did the U.S. military officially confirm that they had been utilizing UAVs in  (Vietnam). While over 5,000 U.S. airmen had been killed and over 1,000 more were either missi

13、ng in action (), or captured (prisoners of war/); the USAF  had flown approximately 3,435 UAV missions during the war, at a cost of about 554 UAVs lost to all causes. In the words of USAF  , Commander,  in 1972, "The only reason we need (UAVs) is that we don&#

14、39;t want to needlessly expend the man in the cockpit."  Later that same year, General , Commander in Chief, , stated, "we let the drone do the high-risk flying . the loss rate is high, but we are willing to risk more of them . they save lives!"  直到1

15、973年2月26日,美國軍方才在美國國會撥款宣言中正式承認對東南亞(越南)使用無人機。而在戰(zhàn)爭中，超過5000名飛行員被無情殺害，有一千多名飛行員或是失蹤，或是被俘；美國空軍偵查戰(zhàn)略共派遣了約3435架無人機參與戰(zhàn)爭，由于各種原因，有554架無人機丟失?？哲娚蠈讨?S.布朗，也是1972年空軍系統(tǒng)司令部的指揮官曾說：“我們需要無人機的唯一原因是因為我們不想在戰(zhàn)場上有不必要的損傷?！焙髞恚彩窃谀且荒辏s翰C. 邁耶上將，美國空軍戰(zhàn)略司令部首席指揮官也發(fā)表聲明： “我們讓無人機去執(zhí)行那些高風(fēng)險的飛行任務(wù)盡管它們的損傷率很高，但我們寧愿冒這些風(fēng)險因為它們拯救的是生命！”During the 19

16、73 , Syrian missile batteries in Lebanon caused heavy damage to Israeli . As a result, Israel developed the first modern UAV. Israel pioneered the use of UAVs for real-time surveillance, electronic warfare and decoys. The images and radar decoying provided by these UAVs helped Israel to co

17、mpletely neutralize the Syrian  at the start of the , resulting in no pilots downed. 1973年贖罪日戰(zhàn)爭期間，敘利亞在黎巴嫩所發(fā)射的導(dǎo)彈令以色列噴氣式戰(zhàn)斗機造成了嚴重損傷。因此，以色列開發(fā)了世界上第一臺現(xiàn)代化無人飛行機。以色列首創(chuàng)以無人機擔(dān)任實時監(jiān)控任務(wù)，開創(chuàng)電子戰(zhàn)爭以及電子誘餌的先河。這些無人機提供的影響及雷達誘餌使得敘利亞空軍在1982年黎巴嫩戰(zhàn)爭中的作用大打折扣，并且無一名以色列飛行員發(fā)生墜機事件。With the maturing and miniaturization

18、of applicable technologies as seen in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in UAVs grew within the higher echelons of the U.S. military. In the 90s the U.S. Department of Defense began to buy UAVs from Israel. The Navy bought the Pioneer UAV, which is still in use. Many of these Israeli and newly developed U.S. UAVs were us