時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)講解--過(guò)去時(shí)-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的不同及用法

1、時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)講解 : 過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的不同及用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)棗表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下某種后果和影響的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞用法：1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如:already, yet, ever, never,just, before, once,twice等連用 也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如these days,today,this year,so fa等連用.eg.I have already posted the letter. （信已經(jīng)不在我這兒了）2.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),

2、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還將繼續(xù)下去,可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，即for +時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句，in the last ten years等，謂語(yǔ)只可用延續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞.解析：1.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動(dòng)詞（也可稱(chēng)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞，或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）,如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等，表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成，不能再延續(xù)，所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句連用，也不能用在how long引導(dǎo)

3、的特殊疑問(wèn)句中.eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.（ ）xrve been away from Shanghai for three days.（ V ）.I left Shanghai three days ago. （ V ）It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.（ V ）2.初中英語(yǔ)課本中常見(jiàn)終止性動(dòng)詞有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.終止性動(dòng)詞要表示持續(xù)時(shí),可用以下方法:.將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為時(shí)間

4、段+ ago,句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí).eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.若保留for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句，或用在how long句型中，則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng) 詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下:come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be opendie-be dead close-be closed become-beborrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wearleave-

5、be away （from） buy-have fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a coldjoin the army-be in the army be a soldierjoin the Party-be in the Party be a Party memberTMy brother has bee n in the army for two years.TMy brother has bee n a soldier for two years.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中been to,gone to和been

6、in/at been to去過(guò)某地，表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷，可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等連用.eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. （表示目前人在這里）gone to去某地了,說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)某人已離開(kāi)此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,eg. She has gone to Sha ngha。（表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里）been in/at逗留在某地（已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間）.常和for ten days,sinee I came here等連用.eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there.4.

7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表明的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,不可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等連用.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表明的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事實(shí),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的for與sincefor +時(shí)間段 與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago.6. It is /has

8、 been +一段時(shí)間+ since從句.自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時(shí)間了.eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.過(guò)去完成時(shí)棗表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作 結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動(dòng)詞had +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞用法：1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間為“過(guò)去的過(guò)去“.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間可用by,before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),也可用when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過(guò)上下文表示. eg. By the end of lastterm,we had learned a thousand E

9、nglish words.He had finished his homework before his father came back last night. 2.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)刻,或還將繼續(xù)下去.eg. When I got to know him, he had worked there for twenty years.(注意)否定式had not = hadnt時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)1.主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài),He wants to speak to the headmaster.He said t

10、hat he wont be free tomorrow.he came last night.2.主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般情況下要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式.He said that he was working hard on his Chinese.he had a very good journey home.he hadnt bought the present yet.he would stop in Moscow on the way.3.如果從句所述內(nèi)容是客觀真理,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而不受主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響.eg. Miss Gao tol

11、d us that light travels much faster than sound.4.時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí).eg.Stop talking when the headteacher_(walk)into the classroom.Jim wont watch TV until he _ (finish) his homework every time.鞏固練習(xí)用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?The boy is happy because he (sell) out all the newspapers.2The plan

12、_(give) up because of the heavy rain.3If it_(not rain) tomorrow, we_(go )fishing.4Where_you_(be) these days?5Where is Tom? He_(go) to the post office. He said he_(come) back soon.6Mike says he_(want )to be a worker after he_(finish )school.7The last bus_just_(leave) when they_(get) to the bus stop.8

13、She_(not go) to bed until she_(finish) her work.9Light_(travel )much faster than sound.10I_(feel) much better after I_(take) the medicine.11”Where_we_(meet)?”“Lets meet outside the park gate.”12I_(be) afraid Mr Johnson_(not visit) out school tomorrow.13I_(lost) my bike ._you_(see) it anywhere?14_thi

14、s kind of car_(produce) in Shanghai?15We_(see) several members of the family since we_(arrive)16I found that the students_(play) football on the playground.17The shop_(close) at this time of day.18Where_your watch_(lose)?19_the doctor_(send) for last night?20Three children_(invite) to the party by M

15、iss Li yesterday.21Some children_(take ) good care by the nurse.22Some new houses_(build) by the villagers themselves.23What language_(speak) in Australia?24The colour TV_(buy) in that shop three days ago.25He said he_(stay) here for another two days.26The doctor said Jim must_(operate ) on at once.

16、27“_the bridge_(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_already_(repair) it.”28We are in Grade One this year, so we_(teach ) physics next year.29“Where_(be) you last night?”“I_(ask) to help Tom at home”30The big tree_(blow)down in the storm last night.31I_never_(eat) such delicious noodles before.32When we r

17、eached the town, it_(get) dark.33We_(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door.34Lucy said she_(visit) the school the next month.35I_(wait) until he comes back.36You_(watch) TV after supper, arent you?37They_(be) to that small village several times.38.If it_(snow) tomorrow , we wont go t

18、o the cinema.39.I_(study) it since I was ten years old.40Could you tell me if you_(read) the story book before?41He said the lights in the room_(go) out when he opened the door.42I_(be) fifteen soon.43Tom, your aunt_(come) this afternoon .44My teacher often_(tell) us not to play on the street.45They

19、_(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see?46The teacher said that the earth_(move) round the sun.47She said she_(put) on a new coat the next day.48The Great Wall_(know) all over the world.49Could you tell me where Alice_(live)?50_the film_(show) many times since last Sunday.51_the street lights usually

20、_(turn) on at seven in summer evening?52I_(not go) to the cinema because I_(see) the film before.53It_(get) dark. What about_(go) home at once?54You_(be) late if you_(not hurry).55Use your head and you_(find) a better way.56Look！Someone_(lie) on the floor.57It_(rain) harder now. It_(rain) quite ofte

21、n in summer.58Here_(come) the bus.59I dont know when the manager_(return), but when be_(come) back I_(let)you know.60“Where_(be) you this time yesterday?”“I_(be) at home. I_(go) over my lessonsthen.”參考答案：1has sold 2will be given up/ has been given up 3doesnt rain, will go 4have, been5has gone, would come 6wants, finishes 7had, left, got 8wont go, finishestravels10felt, had taken11shall/will, meet12am, wo