探究暖寶寶中的化學(xué)原理

1、探究暖寶寶中的化學(xué)原理(預(yù)習(xí)報(bào)告)王兆寧（ID 2011302290091）武漢大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院 11級(jí)生物學(xué)基地二班一 背景信息Heat PadMain Ingredient: Iron powder, wood powder, active carbon, water, salt, vermiculite, etc.Characteristics: It becomes hot as soon as being turned on, applying to detumescence, acesodyne, activating blood circulation and recoverin

2、g bruise effectively. It relieves the pain with the warm and comfortable temperature.Applications:(1) Cure pain, anaesthesia and tumidity caused by rheumatism, arthritis, acne, job injury, etc.(2) Cure gastroenterological disease, diarrhea, stomach ache, etc.(3) Cure dysmenorrheal, abdomen recovery,

3、 etc.(4) Activate blood circulation and recover bruise in wound treatment.(5) Warm up in skiing, fishing, hunting, outing, field work.(6) Warm up in the cold room.(7) Warm up in massage.Instructions: Take out the internal product by tearing up the package. Take off the protective tissue and apply it

4、 on the underwear where the body part needs warming up. After it, take off it from the underwear and throw it into the trash bin.Storage: Put the product in a dry and dark place. The quality guarantee period is for 3 year.Attentions: Keep it from the reach of children. It should not be applied direc

5、tly on the skin. The one with broken package should not be used. It should not be applied in sleep. It should not be applied in quilt, or used together with other heating facilities, for it becomes very hot then. It should not be applied on the same body part for a long time. It should be taken off

6、at once when any abnormality is found out.The eye should be rinsed with lots of water, if it contacts the eye. If the eye still feels uncomfortable, a doctor should be asked for treatment. People with diabetes or sensitive skin, children, pregnant women, the disabled should be careful in using it.(C

7、ited from Vermiculite(Cited from /wiki/Vermiculite)GeneralCategoryPhyllosilicateChemical formula(Mg,Fe,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)24H2OIdentificationColorColorless, white, yellow, green, brownCrystal habitClay, scaly, aggregate, rarely as pseudohexagonal crystal platesFractureUnevenTen

8、acityPliableMohs scale hardness1.5-2LusterDull to pearly, bronzyStreakGreenish whiteDiaphaneityTranslucentSpecific gravity2.2-2.6Optical propertiesBiaxial (-)Refractive indexn = 1.525 - 1.561 n = 1.545 - 1.581 n = 1.545 - 1.581Birefringence = 0.020PleochroismX in paler shades than Y and Z暖寶寶的發(fā)熱原理“暖寶

9、寶”是利用鐵氧化反應(yīng)放熱來(lái)發(fā)熱。實(shí)際上也就是根據(jù)鐵在潮濕空氣中發(fā)生吸氧腐蝕的原理。同時(shí)利用活性炭的強(qiáng)吸附性，在活性炭的疏松結(jié)構(gòu)中儲(chǔ)有水蒸氣，水蒸氣液化成水滴，流出與空氣和鐵粉接觸，在氯化鈉的催化作用下較為迅速的發(fā)生反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鐵，放出熱量。 鐵在自然條件下的氧化反應(yīng)速度是緩慢的，若能加快這種反應(yīng)，如設(shè)法加大鐵的表面積，使用水，食鹽和活性炭形成原電池來(lái)促進(jìn)反應(yīng)，就可以得到發(fā)熱袋所需的溫度，成為發(fā)熱袋的熱源。 電池反應(yīng)式：負(fù)極：Fe-2e-=Fe2+ 正極：O2 + 2H2O + 4e-=4OH- 總反應(yīng)：2Fe + O2 + 2H2O=2Fe(OH)2 4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2

10、=4Fe(OH)3 2Fe(OH)3 = Fe2O3+3H2O來(lái)源：中國(guó)知網(wǎng)二 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分1.實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器:原電池反應(yīng)槽,碳棒,鐵棒,導(dǎo)線,靈敏電流表,鐵絲,酒精燈.所用試劑:NaCl固體(A.R.),無(wú)水硫酸銅(或五水合硫酸銅)(A.R.),6mol/L鹽酸, AgNO3溶液, KSCN溶液，鎂試劑，鋁試劑(或茜素磺酸鈉溶液),2mol/L NaOH溶液, NH4Cl溶液, HAc溶液，NH4Ac溶液，澄清石灰水.2.原理探究將碳棒和鐵棒平行插入盛有0.1mol/L NaCl溶液的原電池反應(yīng)槽中,將兩極用導(dǎo)線連接到靈敏電流表上,觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象.(電流表是否偏轉(zhuǎn)?兩極各有什么現(xiàn)象?)3.成分探究3.1

11、水的檢驗(yàn):取未開(kāi)封的暖寶寶中的固體粉末適量,置于蒸發(fā)皿中,再放入一些無(wú)水CuSO4,蓋上表面皿,稍稍加熱,觀察現(xiàn)象.(另設(shè)置一組對(duì)照,避免空氣中的水蒸氣對(duì)結(jié)果的干擾.無(wú)水硫酸銅是否變藍(lán)?若沒(méi)有無(wú)水硫酸銅可先用五水合硫酸銅制備.)3.2 樣品的預(yù)處理及食鹽的檢驗(yàn):取暖寶寶中的固體粉末于250mL燒杯,加入100mL水溶解之.過(guò)濾,將濾液分為兩份,一份加入AgNO3溶液,觀察現(xiàn)象.(是否生成白色沉淀?再加入硝酸,有何現(xiàn)象?)用潔凈的鐵絲(用稀鹽酸洗滌并烤干,反復(fù)操作至沒(méi)有焰色)沾取另一份溶液,用酒精燈灼燒,觀察現(xiàn)象.(焰色是否為黃色?)3.3 鐵、鎂、鋁的檢驗(yàn):將上步所得濾渣溶于6mol/L鹽酸,充分?jǐn)嚢韬筮^(guò)濾.(濾液顏色?)將濾液分成三份.向第一份中加入KSCN溶液,觀察現(xiàn)象.(溶液是否變血紅色?若不變血紅色,加入少量氯水或雙氧水,是否變色?)向第二份中滴加2mol/L NaOH溶液至不再有沉淀產(chǎn)生,離心,棄沉淀,向清液中加入鎂試劑,觀察現(xiàn)象.(是否生成藍(lán)色沉淀?)向第三份溶液中加入過(guò)量2mol/L NaOH溶液,離心并棄去沉淀,向清液中加入鋁試劑,觀察現(xiàn)象.(是否出現(xiàn)紅色沉淀?若沒(méi)有鋁試劑,則加入NH