西華大學汽車理論實驗報告

1、 西華大學實驗報告交通與汽車工程學院實 驗 報 告課 程 名 稱: 汽車理論A 課 程 代 碼: 8244880 年級/專業(yè)/班: 2009級車輛工程汽電4班 學 生 姓 名: 龍 強 學 號: 312009080306530 實驗總成績: 任 課 教 師: 吳 濤 開 課 學 院: 交通與汽車工程學院 實驗中心名稱: 汽車交通實驗中心 第 組西華大學實驗報告開課學院及實驗室： 實驗時間： 年 月 日學 生 姓 名龍強學 號312009080306530實 驗 成 績課 程 名 稱課 程 代 碼實驗項目名稱項 目 代 碼指 導 教 師項 目 學 分1、實驗目的2、實驗設備、儀器及材料3、實驗內

2、容3.1 一般實驗（非上機實驗）：3.1.1實驗方案設計與選擇（設計性、創(chuàng)新性實驗需寫該項內容）3.1.2實驗原理及實驗步驟（實驗工作原理或實驗的主要操作過程）3.1.3實驗記錄（核心代碼及調試過程）3.2 上機實驗：3.2.1上機實驗的內容及要求3.2.2算法設計思想與算法實現(xiàn)步驟3.2.3程序核心代碼，程序調試過程中出現(xiàn)的問題及解決方法3.2.4 程序運行的結果注解：理工科實驗需記錄實驗過程中的數(shù)據(jù)、圖表、計算、現(xiàn)象觀察等，實驗過程中出現(xiàn)的問題；其它如在計算機上進行的編程、仿真性或模擬性實驗需記錄程序核心代碼以及程序在調式過程中出現(xiàn)的問題及解決方法；記錄程序執(zhí)行的結果。4、實驗總結4.1實

3、驗結果分析及問題討論4.2實驗總結心得體會注解：實驗總結的內容根據(jù)不同學科和類型實驗要求不一樣，一般理工科類的實驗需要對實驗結果進行分析，并且對實驗過程中問題進行討論；在計算機上進行的編程、仿真性或模擬性實驗需要對上機實踐結果進行分析，上機的心得體會及改進意見。其它實驗應總結實驗過程寫出心得體會及改進意見。說明：各門實驗課程實驗報告的格式及內容要求，請按照實驗指導書的要求手工書寫。1. 實驗目的2. 實驗設備、儀器及材料3. 實驗內容3.1程序核心代碼，程序調試過程中出現(xiàn)的問題及調試方法Option ExplicitDim n, x, cDim Tq, ig, Dim f, GDim m, i

4、, CdA, rDim i0, Ua, Iw, if0Dim t, aDim Ft, Ff, FiDim Fx, Fw, FjPrivate Sub Command1_Click() '驅動力與阻力平衡圖 Picture1.Cls Picture1.Scale (-10, 15000)-(130, -700) Picture1.Line (-8, 0)-(150, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 15000)-(0, -500) '畫坐標軸 Picture1.Line (126, -200)-(130, 0) '畫橫軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (12

5、6, 200)-(130, 0) Picture1.Line (-2, 14700)-(0, 15000) '畫縱軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (2, 14700)-(0, 15000) For i = 1 To 12 '畫橫坐標刻度線和刻度 Picture1.Line (10 * i, 0)-(10 * i, 200) Picture1.CurrentX = 10 * i - 2: Picture1.CurrentY = -50: Picture1.Print 10 * i Next i For i = 1 To 14 '畫縱坐標刻度線和刻度 Picture1.

6、Line (0, 1000 * i)-(2, 1000 * i) Picture1.CurrentX = -8: Picture1.CurrentY = 1000 * i + 400: Picture1.Print 1 * i Next i Picture1.CurrentX = -5: Picture1.CurrentY = -50: Picture1.Print 0 Picture1.CurrentX = 115: Picture1.CurrentY = 700: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)" Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Pict

7、ure1.CurrentY = 14600: Picture1.Print "F(kN)" Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 1000: Picture1.Print "Ff" Picture1.CurrentX = 120: Picture1.CurrentY = 3000: Picture1.Print "Ff+Fw" Dim ig(4) As Single ig(0) = Val(Text18) ig(1) = Val(Text19) ig(2) = Val(Text20) i

8、g(3) = Val(Text21) ig(4) = Val(Text22) f = Val(Text6) m = Val(Text2) G = Val(Text3) * 9.8 i = 0 CdA = Val(Text7) r = Val(Text4) i0 = Val(Text8) Iw = Val(Text10) + Val(Text11) if0 = Val(Text9) t = Val(Text5) Ff = G * f Fi = G * i a = 0 For n = 600 To 4000 For x = 0 To 4 = 1 + (1 * Iw) / (m * r * r) +

9、 (1 * if0 * ig(x) * ig(x) * i0 * i0 * t) / (m * r * r) Ua = 0.377 * (r * n) / (ig(x) * i0) Fw = (CdA * Ua * Ua) / 21.15 Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) 4 Ft = (Tq * ig(x) * i0 * t) / r Fj = * m * a Picture1.PSet (Ua, Ft), vbBlu

10、e Picture1.PSet (Ua, Ff + Fw), vbRed Picture1.PSet (Ua, Ff), vbGreen If Abs(Ff + Fw - Ft) < 1 Then Text26.Text = Ua '求最高車速Uamax Next x Next nEnd SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click() '加速度曲線 Picture1.Cls Picture1.Scale (-10, 5)-(130, -0.3) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(180, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0,

11、5) Picture1.Line (126, -0.03)-(130, 0) '畫橫軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (126, 0.03)-(130, 0) Picture1.Line (-1, 4.8)-(0, 5) '畫縱軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (1, 4.8)-(0, 5) For i = 1 To 11 Picture1.Line (10 * i, 0)-(10 * i, 0.05) Picture1.CurrentX = 10 * i - 3: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.05: Picture1.Print 10 * i Next

12、i For i = 1 To 9 Picture1.Line (0, 0.5 * i)-(2, 0.5 * i) Picture1.CurrentX = -8: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.5 * i + 0.05: Picture1.Print 0.5 * i Next i Picture1.CurrentX = -3: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.03: Picture1.Print 0 Picture1.CurrentX = 110: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.2: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)"

13、 Picture1.CurrentX = 3: Picture1.CurrentY = 4.8: Picture1.Print "a(m/s2)" Dim ig(4) As Single ig(0) = Val(Text18) ig(1) = Val(Text19) ig(2) = Val(Text20) ig(3) = Val(Text21) ig(4) = Val(Text22) f = Val(Text6) m = Val(Text2) G = Val(Text3) * 9.8 i = 0 CdA = Val(Text7) r = Val(Text4) i0 = Va

14、l(Text8) Iw = Val(Text10) + Val(Text11) if0 = Val(Text9) t = Val(Text5) Ff = G * f Fi = G * i Fj = * m * a For n = 600 To 4000 For x = 0 To 4 = 1 + (1 * Iw) / (m * r * r) + (1 * if0 * ig(x) * ig(x) * i0 * i0 * t) / (m * r * r) Ua = 0.377 * (r * n) / (ig(x) * i0) Fw = (CdA * Ua * Ua) / 21.15 Tq = -19

15、.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) 4 Ft = (Tq * ig(x) * i0 * t) / r a = (Ft - Ff - Fw) / ( * m) If a < 0 Then GoTo Label1 '不畫加速度小于0的部分 Picture1.PSet (Ua, a), vbBlueLabel1: Next x Next nEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click() '加速度倒數(shù)

16、曲線 Picture1.Cls Picture1.Scale (-8, 5)-(130, -0.3) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(130, 0) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 5) Picture1.Line (126, -0.03)-(130, 0) '畫橫軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (126, 0.03)-(130, 0) Picture1.Line (-1, 4.8)-(0, 5) '畫縱軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (1, 4.8)-(0, 5) For i = 1 To 11 Picture1.Line (10 * i

17、, 0)-(10 * i, 0.05) Picture1.CurrentX = 10 * i - 3: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.05: Picture1.Print 10 * i Next i For i = 1 To 9 Picture1.Line (0, 0.5 * i)-(2, 0.5 * i) Picture1.CurrentX = -8: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.5 * i + 0.05: Picture1.Print 0.5 * i Next i Picture1.CurrentX = -4: Picture1.CurrentY = 0:

18、Picture1.Print 0 Picture1.CurrentX = 110: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.2: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)" Picture1.CurrentX = 4: Picture1.CurrentY = 4.7: Picture1.Print "1/a" Dim ig(4) As Single ig(0) = Val(Text18) ig(1) = Val(Text19) ig(2) = Val(Text20) ig(3) = Val(Text21) ig(4) = Val(Text22

19、) f = Val(Text6) m = Val(Text2) G = Val(Text3) * 9.8 i = 0 CdA = Val(Text7) r = Val(Text4) i0 = Val(Text8) Iw = Val(Text10) + Val(Text11) if0 = Val(Text9) t = Val(Text5) Ff = G * f Fi = G * i Fj = * m * a For n = 600 To 4000 For x = 0 To 4 = 1 + (1 * Iw) / (m * r * r) + (1 * if0 * ig(x) * ig(x) * i0

20、 * i0 * t) / (m * r * r) Ua = 0.377 * (r * n) / (ig(x) * i0) Fw = (CdA * Ua * Ua) / 21.15 Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) 4 Ft = (Tq * ig(x) * i0 * t) / r a = (Ft - Ff - Fw) / ( * m) If 1 / a > 4.8 Then GoTo Label1 '不畫1

21、/ a > 4.8的部分 Picture1.PSet (Ua, 1 / a), vbRedLabel1: Next x Next nEnd SubPrivate Sub Command4_Click() '動力特性圖 Picture1.Cls Picture1.Scale (-10, 1)-(130, -0.1) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(130, 0) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 1) Picture1.Line (126, -0.005)-(130, 0) '畫橫軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (126, 0.005)-(1

22、30, 0) Picture1.Line (-1, 0.95)-(0, 1) '畫縱軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (1, 0.95)-(0, 1) For i = 1 To 11 Picture1.Line (10 * i, 0)-(10 * i, 0.005) Picture1.CurrentX = 10 * i - 3: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.005: Picture1.Print 10 * i Next i For i = 1 To 9 Picture1.Line (0, 0.1 * i)-(2, 0.1 * i) Picture1.CurrentX

23、 = -8: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.1 * i + 0.05: Picture1.Print "0" 0.1 * i Next i Picture1.CurrentX = -3: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.02: Picture1.Print 0 Picture1.CurrentX = 115: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.05: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)" Picture1.CurrentX = 4: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.95: Picture1.

24、Print "D" Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.05: Picture1.Print "f" Dim ig(4) As Single Dim D '引入動力因數(shù) ig(0) = Val(Text18) ig(1) = Val(Text19) ig(2) = Val(Text20) ig(3) = Val(Text21) ig(4) = Val(Text22) f = Val(Text6) m = Val(Text2) G = Val(Text3) * 9.8 i = 0 CdA =

25、Val(Text7) r = Val(Text4) i0 = Val(Text8) Iw = Val(Text10) + Val(Text11) if0 = Val(Text9) t = Val(Text5) Ff = G * f Fi = G * i For n = 600 To 4000 For x = 0 To 4 = 1 + (1 * Iw) / (m * r * r) + (1 * if0 * ig(x) * ig(x) * i0 * i0 * t) / (m * r * r) Ua = 0.377 * (r * n) / (ig(x) * i0) Fw = (CdA * Ua *

26、Ua) / 21.15 Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) 4 Ft = (Tq * ig(x) * i0 * t) / r a = (Ft - Ff - Fw) / ( * m) Fj = * m * a D = (Ff + Fi) / G + ( * a) / 9.8 If D < 0 Then GoTo Label1 '不畫D小于0的部分 Picture1.PSet (Ua, D), vbBlue Pi

27、cture1.PSet (Ua, f), vbRedLabel1: Next x Next nEnd SubPrivate Sub Command5_Click() ' 爬坡度圖 Picture1.Cls Picture1.Scale (-10, 0.5)-(120, -0.1) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(120, 0) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 0.5) Picture1.Line (116, -0.003)-(120, 0) '畫橫軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (116, 0.003)-(120, 0) Picture1.Li

28、ne (-1, 0.48)-(0, 0.5) '畫縱軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (1, 0.48)-(0, 0.5) For i = 1 To 11 Picture1.Line (10 * i, 0)-(10 * i, 0.008) Picture1.CurrentX = 10 * i - 3: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.003: Picture1.Print 10 * i Next i For i = 1 To 4 Picture1.Line (0, 0.1 * i)-(2, 0.1 * i) Picture1.CurrentX = -10: Pictur

29、e1.CurrentY = 0.1 * i + 0.005: Picture1.Print 10 * i Next i Picture1.CurrentX = -4: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.003: Picture1.Print 0 Picture1.CurrentX = 110: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.04: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)" Picture1.CurrentX = -8: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.47: Picture1.Print "i(%)" Di

30、m ig(4) As Single ig(0) = Val(Text18) ig(1) = Val(Text19) ig(2) = Val(Text20) ig(3) = Val(Text21) ig(4) = Val(Text22) f = Val(Text6) m = Val(Text2) G = Val(Text3) * 9.8 CdA = Val(Text7) r = Val(Text4) i0 = Val(Text8) Iw = Val(Text10) + Val(Text11) if0 = Val(Text9) t = Val(Text5) Ff = G * f Fj = * m

31、* a a = 0 For n = 600 To 4000 For x = 0 To 4 = 1 + (1 * Iw) / (m * r * r) + (1 * if0 * ig(x) * ig(x) * i0 * i0 * t) / (m * r * r) Ua = 0.377 * (r * n) / (ig(x) * i0) Fw = (CdA * Ua * Ua) / 21.15 Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000)

32、4 Ft = (Tq * ig(x) * i0 * t) / r Fi = Ft - (Ff + Fw) i = Fi / Sqr(G 2 - Fi 2) If i < 0 Then GoTo Label1 '不畫加速度小于0的部分 Picture1.PSet (Ua, i)Label1: Next x Next nEnd SubPrivate Sub Command6_Click() '直接擋加速時間曲線 Dim t Picture1.Cls Picture1.Scale (-5, 100)-(50, -10) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 100)

33、 Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(50, 0) Picture1.Line (48, -2)-(50, 0) '畫橫軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (48, 2)-(50, 0) Picture1.Line (-1, 97)-(0, 100) '畫縱軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (1, 97)-(0, 100) For i = 1 To 4 Picture1.Line (10 * i, 0)-(10 * i, 3) Picture1.CurrentX = 10 * i - 1.5: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.1: Picture1.Pr

34、int 10 * i Next i For i = 1 To 9 Picture1.Line (0, 10 * i)-(1, 10 * i) Picture1.CurrentX = -3: Picture1.CurrentY = 10 * i + 2: Picture1.Print 10 * i Next i Picture1.CurrentX = -1: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print 0 Picture1.CurrentX = 46: Picture1.CurrentY = -5: Picture1.Print "t/s"

35、Picture1.CurrentX = 2: Picture1.CurrentY = 98: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)" Picture1.CurrentX = 30: Picture1.CurrentY = 40: Picture1.Print "直接擋加速時間曲線" ig = 1 m = Val(Text2) G = Val(Text3) * 9.8 i = 0 CdA = Val(Text7) r = Val(Text4) i0 = Val(Text8) Iw = Val(Text10) + Val(Text11) if0

36、= Val(Text9) t = Val(Text5) Ff = G * f Fi = G * i Fj = * m * a t = 0 For n = 600 To 4000 Step 0.1 = 1 + (1 * Iw) / (m * r * r) + (1 * if0 * ig * ig * i0 * i0 * t) / (m * r * r) Ua = 0.377 * (r * n) / (ig * i0) Fw = (CdA * Ua * Ua) / 21.15 Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) 2 +

37、40.874 * (n / 1000) 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) 4 Ft = (Tq * ig * i0 * t) / r a = (Ft - Ff - Fw) / ( * m) t = t + 1 * 0.377 * r * 0.1 / (i0 * a) '微分法求面積 Picture1.PSet (t, Ua), vbRed Next nEnd SubPrivate Sub Command7_Click() '外特性曲線 Dim Pe Picture1.Cls Picture1.Scale (-500, 250)-(4500, -30) Pictur

38、e1.Line (0, 0)-(4500, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 240) Picture1.Line (4400, -3)-(4500, 0) '畫橫軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (4400, 3)-(4500, 0) Picture1.Line (-50, 235)-(0, 240) '畫縱軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (50, 235)-(0, 240) For i = 1 To 10 Picture1.Line (400 * i, 0)-(400 * i, 5) Picture1.CurrentX = 400 * i -

39、100: Picture1.CurrentY = 0: Picture1.Print 400 * i Next i For i = 1 To 11 Picture1.Line (0, 20 * i)-(50, 20 * i) Picture1.CurrentX = -300: Picture1.CurrentY = 20 * i + 5: Picture1.Print 20 * i Next i Picture1.CurrentX = -150: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print 0 Picture1.CurrentX = 3900: Picture

40、1.CurrentY = 20: Picture1.Print "n(r/min)" Picture1.CurrentX = 100: Picture1.CurrentY = 235: Picture1.Print "Tq(N.m)" Picture1.CurrentX = -400: Picture1.CurrentY = 235: Picture1.Print "Pe/kW" Picture1.CurrentX = 1600: Picture1.CurrentY = 185: Picture1.Print "Tq曲線&q

41、uot; Picture1.CurrentX = 1600: Picture1.CurrentY = 45: Picture1.Print "Pe曲線" For n = 600 To 4000 Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) 4 Pe = Tq * n / 9550 Picture1.PSet (n, Tq), vbBlue Picture1.PSet (n, Pe), vbRed Next nEn

42、d SubPrivate Sub Command8_Click() '汽車功率平衡圖 Picture1.Cls Picture1.Scale (-15, 75)-(200, -10) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(200, 0) Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 70) Picture1.Line (195, -2)-(200, 0) '畫橫軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (195, 2)-(200, 0) Picture1.Line (-3, 67)-(0, 70) '畫縱軸箭頭 Picture1.Line (3, 67)-(0, 7

43、0) For i = 1 To 3 Picture1.Line (50 * i, 0)-(50 * i, 2) Picture1.CurrentX = 50 * i - 5: Picture1.CurrentY = -0.05: Picture1.Print 50 * i Next i For i = 1 To 13 Picture1.Line (0, 5 * i)-(3, 5 * i) Picture1.CurrentX = -10: Picture1.CurrentY = 5 * i + 1: Picture1.Print 5 * i Next i Picture1.CurrentX =

44、-10: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print 0 Picture1.CurrentX = 170: Picture1.CurrentY = 4: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)" Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 70: Picture1.Print "Pe/kW" Picture1.CurrentX = 110: Picture1.CurrentY = 70: Picture1.Print "(Pf+Pw)/t" Dim

45、Pe As Double, Pz As Double Dim ig(4) As Single ig(0) = Val(Text18) ig(1) = Val(Text19) ig(2) = Val(Text20) ig(3) = Val(Text21) ig(4) = Val(Text22) f = Val(Text6) m = Val(Text2) G = Val(Text3) * 9.8 i = 0 CdA = Val(Text7) r = Val(Text4) i0 = Val(Text8) Iw = Val(Text10) + Val(Text11) t = Val(Text5) Ff

46、 = G * f Fi = G * i if0 = Val(Text9) For n = 600 To 4000 For x = 0 To 4 = 1 + (1 * Iw) / (m * r * r) + (1 * if0 * ig(x) * ig(x) * i0 * i0 * t) / (m * r * r) Ua = 0.377 * (r * n) / (ig(x) * i0) Fw = (CdA * Ua * Ua) / 21.15 Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) 2 + 40.874 * (n / 100

47、0) 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) 4 Ft = (Tq * ig(x) * i0 * t) / r a = (Ft - Ff - Fw) / ( * m) Fj = * m * a Pe = (G * f * Ua + G * i * Ua + CdA * Ua * Ua * Ua / 21.15 + * m * a * Ua) / (3600 * t) Pz = (G * f * Ua / 3600 + CdA * Ua * Ua * Ua / 76140) / t If Pz > 70 Then GoTo Label1 '不畫加速度小于0的部分 Pictu

48、re1.PSet (Ua, Pe), vbBlue Picture1.PSet (Ua, Pz), vbRedLabel1: Next x Next nEnd SubPrivate Sub Command9_Click() EndEnd Sub3.2程序運行結果 圖1-1界面設計 1-2驅動力與行駛阻力平衡圖 1-3加速度曲線1-4加速度倒數(shù)曲線1-5動力特性圖1-6爬坡度圖1-7直接擋加速時間 1-8發(fā)動機外特性曲線1-9功率平衡圖4. 思考題5. 實驗總結第 組西華大學實驗報告開課學院及實驗室： 實驗時間： 年 月 日學 生 姓 名龍強學 號312009080306530實 驗 成 績課

49、程 名 稱課 程 代 碼實驗項目名稱項 目 代 碼指 導 教 師項 目 學 分1、實驗目的2、實驗設備、儀器及材料3、實驗內容3.1 一般實驗（非上機實驗）：3.1.1實驗方案設計與選擇（設計性、創(chuàng)新性實驗需寫該項內容）3.1.2實驗原理及實驗步驟（實驗工作原理或實驗的主要操作過程）3.1.3實驗記錄（核心代碼及調試過程）3.2 上機實驗：3.2.1上機實驗的內容及要求3.2.2算法設計思想與算法實現(xiàn)步驟3.2.3程序核心代碼，程序調試過程中出現(xiàn)的問題及解決方法3.2.4 程序運行的結果注解：理工科實驗需記錄實驗過程中的數(shù)據(jù)、圖表、計算、現(xiàn)象觀察等，實驗過程中出現(xiàn)的問題；其它如在計算機上進行的編程、仿真性或模擬性實驗需記錄程序核心代碼以及程序在調式過程中出現(xiàn)的問題及解決方法；記錄程序執(zhí)行的結果。4