外文翻譯---基于電子商務的航空公司成本控制

1、附 錄Airline Cost Control Based on E-commerceAbstractAirlines operating situation is not good nowadays. At this situation, cost control is very important to airline. It is a new idea and method for airline to using computer and network oriented information technology to cost control. Firstly, this art

2、icle analyses the airlines cost composition, then describes how to use e-commerce to control cost of airline in air material cost, sales expenses, financial expenses, administrative expenses and so on. Finally, based on service-oriented architecture technology, this article also describes how to int

3、egrate information resources within and outside the airline to build air e-commerce platform, which not only helps airline cost control, but also helps airline innovative business model to improve the competitiveness of enterprise. Keywords-airline; e-commerce; cost control; service-oriented archite

4、cture I. INTRODUCTION Since the Great Depression, 2009 went into the history books as the worst year the air transportation industry has ever seen. Passenger transportation demand dropped 3.5 percent while cargo transportation demand suffered an even bigger hit, falling 10.1 percent. All over the wo

5、rld, 30 airlines have ceased business due to lack of funds, 14 of which went out of business. This year, as the global economic recovery, demand for the air traffic has improved significantly. Statistics show that the situation is moving in the right direction. During the World Air Transport Summit

6、held in June, IATA said: "The global air transportation industry's most difficult times are over, but challenges remain. It will take at least three years to recover the $81 billion drop in revenues in 2009." Compared to the difficult situation of foreign airlines, China Airlines are i

7、n the better situation, but should not be too optimistic. In 2009, China's civil aviation industry achieved revenue of 212 billion yuan with profit of 7.4 billion, however, which was mainly caused by appreciation of the RMB exchange gains and jet fuel hedging. II. AIRLINE COST ANALYSIS Cost of C

8、hina's airlines is composed of operating cost, sales expenses, administrative expenses, finance charges, aviation infrastructure construction funds, tax and associate charges and other costs. Operating cost accounts for about 73% of the total cost, which includes about 24% in fuel cost, 18% in t

9、he aircraft depreciation and maintenance cost, 13% in the airport landing and service fees, 9% in the air material cost, and 9% in wage cost and other. Basically fuel cost, aircraft depreciation and maintenance cost, airport landing and service fees are non-controllable cost. Because the China Aviat

10、ion Oil Holding Company almost entirely controls the import, storage, transportation of jet fuel. The domestic airlines have not alternative channel of long-term effective fuel supply, so they are powerless in controlling fuel cost. Similarly, the China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Group Co

11、rporation is plenipotentiary of Chinese airlines for foreign plane purchasing, so the airlines can not play their orders directly to the aircraft manufacturers, which makes the purchasing price of aircraft at a high level. Moreover, most of the domestic airports are in the regional monopoly status.

12、The available choices for airlines are very limited, so the airlines have no bargaining power. Therefore, the airlines should control cost from the relative controllable aspects.III. USING E-COMMERCE TO AIRLINE COST CONTROLE-commerce refers to not only internet-based transaction but also all activit

13、ies using electronic information technology on increasing publicity, lowering cost, adding value and creating business opportunities, which including a series of trade activities of procurement, product, storage, transportation, display, order and payment through the network. Now, in the most of Chi

14、nas airlines, e-commerce is limited to e-ticket. However, the fact is that many other airline businesses can be achieved through e-commerce. E-business is ideal platform for airline to implement cost control. IV. SOA-BASED AIRLINE E- COMMERCE PLATFORMSOA(service-oriented architecture) is the service

15、-oriented software developing idea and architecture, which is to solve business integration problem in the internet environment. SOA neutrally defines standardized interfaces, which can make services based on different hardware platforms, operating systems, even different programming languages commu

16、nicate with each other to achieve cross-platform portfolio of services. For the reason, the SOA-based airline e-commerce platform can unite airlines information systems of different architectures together. In addition, SOA is dynamic flexibility, so this e-commerce platform can meet demand of expans

17、ion of airline business in the future. The SOA-based airline e-commerce platform will target the establishment of core business function controlled on airlines own. Its background support system is build on the basic business functions, such as the departure control system, agent distribution system

18、, tariffs system, payment system, frequent flyer system, air material inventory and procurement system, operation control system, financial management system, which support business logic by enterprise service bus, while business logic provide unique services to all channel applications in the consi

19、stent and flexible way. In a word, the SOA-based airline e-commerce platform will not only enable airline control product, channel, customer effectively, but also enable airline have a strong direct sales capabilities and cooperation initiative for B2B. Meanwhile, through this e-commerce platform, c

20、ustomer will receive consistent, seamless services, which help improve customer loyalty and revenue contribution. V. CONCLUSION In the information age, using computer-based, network-centric information technology to control cost is a new idea and method for airline. The SOA-based airline e-commerce

21、platform can fully integrate airline internal systems and external social resources, uniformly control and use core resources. With its help, the airline can not only control cost, but also have a new business model and great space for development. 基于電子商務的航空公司成本控制 摘要：現在航空公司的經營狀況也不好。在這種情況下，成本控制對于航空公司

22、是非常重要的。航空公司使用計算機和網絡為導向的信息技術是成本控制的一個新的想法和方法。本文首先分析了航空公司的成本構成，然后介紹了如何使用電子商務對航空公司航材成本：銷售費用，財務費用，管理費用等，以控制成本。最后，面向服務架構技術的基礎上，本文還介紹了如何整合內部和外部信息資源，航空公司建立空中電子商務平臺，不僅有利于航空公司的成本控制，也有利于航空公司的創(chuàng)新業(yè)務模式，提高企業(yè)的競爭力。關鍵詞：航空；電子商貿；成本控制；面向服務架構 一 引言大蕭條以來，2009年航空運輸業(yè)進入有史以來最糟糕的一年?？瓦\需求下降了3.5，而貨物運輸的需求遭受更大的打擊，下降了10.1。世界各地的30家航空公司

23、已由于缺乏資金而停止營業(yè)，其中14家倒閉了。今年以來，隨著全球經濟的復蘇，對空中交通的需求已顯著改善。統(tǒng)計數據顯示，這種情況在朝著好的方向發(fā)展。在6月舉行的世界航空運輸首腦會議上，國際航空運輸協(xié)會表示：“全球航空運輸行業(yè)的最困難的時期已經結束，但挑戰(zhàn)依然存在，至少還需要3年才能收回在2009年損失的810億美元的收入?！敝袊鴩H航空公司與外國航空公司的困難局面相比較，處于較好的情況，但不應過于樂觀。2009年，中國的民航業(yè)實現收入212億元人民幣，利潤7.4億元，但是，這主要是人民幣匯率升值收益和噴氣燃料的對沖造成的。 二 航空公司的成本分析 中國的航空公司的成本由經營成本，銷售費用，管理費用

24、，財務費用，航空基礎設施建設資金，稅收及副收費等的成本分布。經營成本約占總成本的73，其中包括約24的燃料成本，18的飛機的折舊和維修費用，13的機場著陸費和服務費，9的空中材料成本，9的工資和其他成本?；旧先剂腺M用，飛機折舊和維修費用，機場起降費和服務費是不可控成本。因為中國航空控股油料控股公司，幾乎完全控制噴氣燃料的進口，儲存，運輸。國內航空公司沒有長期有效的燃料供應替代通道，所以在控制燃料成本，他們是無能為力的。同樣，中國航空公司是由中國航空器材進出口集團公司全權代理采購外國飛機，因此航空公司不能把他們的訂單直接給飛機制造商，這使得飛機的購買價格始終在一個較高水平。此外，大多數國內機場是在該地區(qū)處于壟斷地位，可供選擇的航空公司是非常有限的，所以航空公司沒有討價還價的能力。因此，航空公司應該從相對可控方面控制成本。 三 使用電子