定語(yǔ)從句 (6)

1、1.定義定義： 又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語(yǔ)作用。飾名詞或代詞，起定語(yǔ)作用。2.先行詞先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞3.關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞who, whom, whose, which, thatwhen, where, why在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words

2、.句子主干：句子主干：定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句：先行詞：先行詞：關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：A dictionary is a book.which gives the meaning of words.bookwhich4. 分類：限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句分類：限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句中限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分不可缺少的組成部分，使先行詞區(qū)別于同類其使先行詞區(qū)別于同類其他事物；主句和從句之他事物；主句和從句之間間不用逗號(hào)不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)隔開(kāi)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有這種從句不影響主沒(méi)有這種從句不影響主句

3、意思完整句意思完整.一般一般用逗號(hào)用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)把主句和從句分開(kāi)引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作關(guān)系副詞，作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)一些關(guān)系代詞一些關(guān)系代詞可以省可以省略略引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，等，不用不用that或或why,不能省不能省略略限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例： 1. The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 2. China is a country which

4、 has a long history. 3. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：1. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 2. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 3. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important m

5、eetings are held every year. 1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.(她還有其他哥哥。她還有其他哥哥。)(她只有一個(gè)哥哥。她只有一個(gè)哥哥。)2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written. All the books, which ha

6、ve pictures in them, are well written. (帶插圖的書寫得好。帶插圖的書寫得好。)(所有的書都寫的很好。所有的書都帶所有的書都寫的很好。所有的書都帶插圖插圖)關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法1. who指人指人, ,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) ( (作賓語(yǔ)可略）作賓語(yǔ)可略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人指人, ,作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) ( (作賓語(yǔ)可省略作賓語(yǔ)可省略, ,如介如介 詞提前則不

7、能省詞提前則不能省) ) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.3. whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，與后面的在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指多指人，也可指物，指物時(shí)可與物，指物時(shí)可與 of which互換使用?；Q使用。1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

8、=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I

9、broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. 4which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓 語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴?1. Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 2. The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.5. that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或或whom；指；指

10、物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴?. Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 2. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. that和和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互在指物的情況下一般都可以互換換, , 但在下列情況下但在下列情況下, , 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li sa

11、id? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. (1) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞為限制性定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞為all, few, everything, anything, nothing, none, little, some等不定代詞指物時(shí)。等不定代詞指物時(shí)。(something用用that或或which均可均可)(2)There be 句型中用句型中用that。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾。先行詞被序數(shù)詞

12、或最高級(jí)修飾。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4)先行詞是先行詞是who或或which引導(dǎo)的主句。引導(dǎo)的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(5)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。They talked about the pers

13、ons and things that they remembered at school. (6)先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修飾。等修飾。Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 緊跟介詞作賓語(yǔ)緊跟介詞作賓語(yǔ)Those are many trees under which they can have a r

14、est.(2) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.(3) 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.在下列情況下在下列情況下, , 一般用一般用which而不而不that。as 和和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1. which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；as引導(dǎo)的從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。引導(dǎo)的從句，可放

15、在句首、句中或句尾。2. which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個(gè)主既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。相當(dāng)于句的內(nèi)容。相當(dāng)于 “and this” 或或 “and that”. 譯為譯為“這一點(diǎn)這一點(diǎn)”。as只能代指整個(gè)只能代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。常帶有主句的內(nèi)容。常帶有“正如正如”之意，且已之意，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)形成固定結(jié)構(gòu): as is known, as is reported, as is said, as is expected, as we know, etc.1. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.2. As is repo

16、rted, China has become an important country in the world.3. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to all.4. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.5. He didnt come to attend the meeting, as is expected.3. as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須在從句中作主語(yǔ)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須 是系動(dòng)詞；而是系動(dòng)詞；而which則不一定。則不一定。 He is very strict, as is sho

17、wn in his work.4. 先行詞前有先行詞前有the same, such限定時(shí)，關(guān)限定時(shí)，關(guān) 系詞只能用系詞只能用as. I have the same opinion as you (have). Dont read such books as are beyond your ability.當(dāng)先行詞受當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時(shí)，有時(shí)也用修飾時(shí)，有時(shí)也用 that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但與引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思有區(qū)別。句意思有區(qū)別。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. She wore

18、 the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 5.主從之間存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)主從之間存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往用系詞往往用which。Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichIll never forget the time which/that was spent with

19、you.when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，先行詞往在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞。相當(dāng)于往是表示時(shí)間的名詞。相當(dāng)于介詞介詞+ +which若定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，需用若定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，需用which或或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichThe library (which/that) you visited yesterday was built in 1990.where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。相當(dāng)于往

20、往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。相當(dāng)于“介詞介詞 + + which”。若定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用若定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用which或或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也可以修飾引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也可以修飾case, condition, situation, instance, 等先行詞。等先行詞。There are cases where this rule does not hold good.Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?Do you know the reason why she wa

21、s late.The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，常位于在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，常位于reason之后，相當(dāng)于之后，相當(dāng)于for which。the reason whyis that 的原因是的原因是他辭職的原因是他和老板吵架了。他辭職的原因是他和老板吵架了。The reason why he resigned was that he quarreled with his boss.Mencius believed that the reason why man

22、 is different from animals is that man is good.1. 在在the reason why 結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)構(gòu)中，why 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句，它也可以換為，它也可以換為for which或者或者省略省略。在從句中作。在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)。2. 如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞reason在從句在從句中中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等時(shí)，則用等時(shí)，則用that或或which。3. the reason is that結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句，不要受漢語(yǔ)的影響，誤，不要受漢語(yǔ)的影響，誤用用be

23、cause。【例【例1】 I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. 1994 上海上海 A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 【解析】解析】本題的第一個(gè)空格處應(yīng)填入表示時(shí)間的關(guān)本題的第一個(gè)空格處應(yīng)填入表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞系副詞when，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。答案：答案：B。 【例例2】 Carol said the work would

24、 be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. 1999全國(guó)全國(guó) A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析解析】“我個(gè)人所懷疑的我個(gè)人所懷疑的”是是“到十月份這工作到十月份這工作能否被完成能否被完成”，而不是，而不是“十月份十月份”，由此，由此判定非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是判定非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是October,而是前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。而是前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。答案：答案：D。 【例例3】 John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _

25、was true.2001春春 A. he B. this C. which D. who 【解析解析】“John說(shuō)他在辦公室工作一個(gè)小時(shí)了，這說(shuō)他在辦公室工作一個(gè)小時(shí)了，這件事情是真的件事情是真的” 所以要用關(guān)系代詞所以要用關(guān)系代詞which指代這件事情并引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句指代這件事情并引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。答案：。答案：C?！纠?】Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. he答案答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修修

26、飾，而用飾，而用which. it 和和he 都使后句成為句子，都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選選he句意不通。句意不通?！纠?】 The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。不可。That 不能用不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由不為連詞，使

27、由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。法上行不通?！纠?】The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. （2004年全國(guó)卷年全國(guó)卷23題）題） A. for which B. at whichC. in which D. on which 本句屬于本句屬于“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句這一情況。通過(guò)拆分我們可以得句這一情況。通過(guò)拆分我們可以得 My students acted in the English pl

28、ay at the New Years party.,所以答案為所以答案為C。 【例例7】 _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. （2004年北京卷年北京卷34題）題） A. It B. As C. That D. What【例例8】 I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (2004年湖南卷年湖南卷23題題) A. how B. which C. where D

29、. that【例例9】 Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one在該句中，主句中所缺部分為表語(yǔ)，從句在該句中，主句中所缺部分為表語(yǔ)，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)。只有中缺少賓語(yǔ)。只有the one既做了主句的表既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于：詞，相當(dāng)于：the one that/which 所以應(yīng)選所以應(yīng)選D。 【例例10】 Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?

30、A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one該句中該句中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又，又因因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選用的不對(duì)，所以選A。【例例11】 The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.

31、 (04NMET) A. of whichB. during which C. From whichD. for whichA 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞which指代指代 the journey, 定語(yǔ)從定語(yǔ)從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)該是：句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)該是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. A. whichB. who C. hisD. what2

32、. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child. A. whichB. when C. that D. where 3. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whomD. with whom 4. Please take any seat is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. that5.

33、 The old man has two sons, is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them6. This is the ship we crossed the Pacific(太平洋太平洋). A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which7. New York is famous for its sky- scrapers (摩天大樓摩天大樓), has more than 100 storeys. A. the higher of the

34、m B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which8. My home village is no longer the same it used to be. A. which B. as C. where D. when9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time10. The boy c