八年級英語Chapter One France is calling上海牛津版知識精講

1、初二英語Chapter One: France is calling上海牛津版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Chapter One: France is calling二. 重點句子：1. However, not only is the marble tower beautiful, it is perhaps the strangest tower in the world.而這座大理石塔不僅僅是漂亮，它可能也是世界上最奇異的塔。however 是連詞，意為：然而。用于句中時，前后都用逗號隔開。Eg: I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.

2、 我有點累了，但我能堅持下去。He hasnt arrived. He may, however, come later. 他還未到，不過，他可能過一會來。這句話使用了倒裝句，原本的句序應(yīng)該是the marble tower is not only beautiful. 英語表達中，如果將 not only, neither等表示否定意義的詞放在句首，通常會引起句子倒裝。Eg: Not only did he teach at school, but he wrote novels. 他不但在學(xué)校教書，還寫小說。但是注意，如果not only 與 but also 連用，在句中引導(dǎo)并列結(jié)構(gòu)為主

3、語，這時，句子應(yīng)適用正常語序。Eg: Not only Tom but also many other boys enjoy reading the book. 不僅湯姆喜歡讀這本書，其他許多男孩也喜歡。2. It leans to one side and looks like it is going to fall over. 它向一邊傾斜，看上去像要倒一樣。look like 在句中表示：“看起來好像”，后面可以跟名詞，v.-ing形式或從句。Eg: It looks like rain/ snow. 看起來好像要下雨/下雪了。She looks like crying. 她看起來好像要

4、哭了。He looks like an athlete. 他看上去像個運動員。You look like a princess in this dress. 穿上這條裙子，你看上去像個公主。3. The building of the tower began in August 1173 and took nearly two hundred years to complete. 建造這座塔始于1173年8月，歷時近兩百年才竣工。complete 在此處作動詞，意為：使完整，完成。此外，該詞還可作形容詞，意為：完整的，全部的，完成的，結(jié)束的。Eg: The work is not comple

5、ted yet. 這個工作還未完成。When will work on the highway be completed? 高速公路什么時候能完工?Is this a complete list? 這是份完整的清單么?We cant go out until our homework is completed. 我們把作業(yè)做完才能出去。4. In 1319, all the floors were finished and years later, work eventually began on the bell chamber at the top.在1319年，所有的樓層都完成了，多年后

6、，頂部鐘房的修建工作終于開始了。eventually 是副詞，意為：終于，相當于at last , in the end, finally.Eg: The government eventually collapsed in 1970. 該政府終于在1970年倒臺了。He fell ill and eventually died. 他得病了最后去世了。5. As soon as three floors had been built, by 1178, it began to lean as the ground beneath it sank. 三層一建完，到1178年，隨著地基下沉塔就開始

7、傾斜。as soon as 意為：一就，用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。Eg: As soon as she saw the coat, the woman said she did not like it. 這位婦女剛一看那件衣服就說不喜歡。She didnt finish her homework as soon as she had expected. 她的作業(yè)沒有她預(yù)料的那樣快完成。6. For ten years, the rescue of the tower was a serious problem. 十年來，拯救比薩塔一直是個難題。rescue 是個名詞，意為：援救，營救。此外，該詞也

8、可以作及物動詞使用。Eg: Rescue was at hand. 救援近在咫尺。The rescue attempt was impeded by bad weather. 營救工作受到惡劣天氣的妨礙。We rescued the boy who fell into the river. 我們救起了掉進河里的小孩。7. Measurements taken in 1911 estimated that the tower would collapse by 2050, if not sooner. 1911年的測量估計，比薩塔將在2050年倒塌，如果不提前的話。estimate 意為：估計，

9、估量，后接介詞at 和that 引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語。Eg: The police estimated the number of demonstrators at about 5,000. 警方估計示威者的人數(shù)為五千左右。The medicare cost is estimated to be one billion dollars. 老年醫(yī)療保健費用估計為十億元。collapse 是動詞，意為：倒塌。Eg: Having been neglected for years, the house collapsed. 這所房子因年久失修而倒塌了。The roof of the old house

10、collapsed. 這座舊房子的房頂?shù)顾恕?. However, it was not opened to the public until the end of 2001 and even now, the number of visitors is restricted. 然而，直到2001年末，比薩才向公共開放，即使到現(xiàn)在，游客數(shù)量也受到限制。句中：not until 結(jié)構(gòu)意為：直到才，使用時，until后可以使用名詞性短語，也可以用表示時間的從句。Eg: she didnt go to bed until her daughter came back. 她一直等到女兒回來才去睡覺。

11、I couldnt sew until I was six. 我直到六歲時才會用針縫東西。I couldnt fall asleep until about three oclock in the morning. 我直到凌晨大約三點鐘才睡。the number of 意為：的數(shù)目，數(shù)量，數(shù)字。作主語時，句中謂語常用單數(shù)，使用時應(yīng)注意區(qū)別該短語與a number of 的不同，后者表示：大量的，具有形容詞性，常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，句中謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Eg: The number of students absent is five. 有五名學(xué)生缺席。There are a lar

12、ge number of people there. 那里有很多人。9. It is now safe for the next 300 years because engineers have reduced the lean by 50 centimeters to give it the same lean that it had in 1838.對于未來300年，比薩塔是安全的，因為工程師已經(jīng)使比薩塔的傾斜減少了50厘米，這樣就和1838年的傾斜角度一樣了。reduce 是動詞，意為：減少，縮小，降。Eg: He is trying to reduce expenses. 他正試圖減少

13、開支。Theyve reduced the prices in the shop, so its a good time to buy. 商店已經(jīng)降低了商品的價格，所以現(xiàn)在是買東西的好時候。三. 冠詞的用法：定冠詞（the Definite Article），冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中定冠詞就是the定冠詞的用法：（1）表示特定的或上文已提到過的人或物。第二次提到。例如：John bought a TV and a radio, but there was something wrong with the TV.說話的雙方都了解的人或

14、事。例如：He went to the station to meet his father yesterday evening. Could you please pass me the dictionary?由短語或定語從句修飾的名詞前。例如：Do you know the girl playing basketball there. This is the recorder that I promised. （2）表示世界上獨一無二的東西。例如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the world, etc. （3）用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級及對

15、兩人或物進行比較時起特定作用的比較級前。例如：the second story, the largest room, He is the taller of the two children in his family. （4）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家、黨派、報紙、雜志、大建筑物、朝代、時代等專有名詞前。例如：the United Nations, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States, the Communist Party of China, the “Times”, the Great Hall of the People, t

16、he Warring States Period等。（5）用在江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。例如：the Changjiang River, the Great Lake, the Rocky Mountains, the Atlantic,等等。（6）用在方位名詞前或某些表示時間的詞組或習(xí)語中。例如：on the left(right),in the east(west),in the morning(afternoon, evening),on the other hand, the end, in the daytime, to tell the truth, on the con

17、trary, in the middle of, go to the cinema, at the age of, at the beginning of,等等。（7）用在某些形容詞前表示一類人。例如：the poor(rich, old, young, sick, dead, new, blind, wounded) （8）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人，或這一姓氏的夫婦倆。例如：The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table. The Wangs are watching TV now. （9）用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：Th

18、e horse is a useful animal. The brain is the centre of thought. （10）演奏樂器時，樂器的名詞前通常用定冠詞。例如：Do you like to play the piano or the violin? （11）在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指某一世紀的某個年代。例如：In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he began to learn Russian. （12）在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞。例如：The compass（指南針）was invented in C

19、hina four thousand years ago. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. （13）在有些關(guān)于國家和民族的形容詞前加上定冠詞，也可以泛指這個國家和民族的全體人員（這些形容詞是以sh, ch, ese結(jié)尾的）。例如：the Irish, the Welsh, the English, the Scotch, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese （14）在人體部位前加定冠詞。例如：lead sb. by the hand, Jim received a blow on

20、 the head.用在慣用語中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre ，on the way【模擬試題

21、】（答題時間：40分鐘）一、選擇：1. _ youve passed the driving test, you can drive your own car.A. ThoughB. WhenC. Now thatD. Not until2. I hope the school life will help him _ his wings a lot. Me too.A. spreadB. keepC. startD. grow3. _ to the names on the list, there are six other students who want to take part in

22、 the activity.A. In timesB. In additionC. In frontD. At the back4. Mr Brown came into the classroom, _ a book under his arm.A. forB. atC. fromD. with5. After meal, Eddie went on _ a cup of tea.A. to ask forB. asking forC. to ask aboutD. asking about6. Its very hot today, _ dont you go swimming? Good

23、 idea!A. How B. WhyC. WhenD. Where7. During holidays, parents always take their children to the Disney parks to _ their interests.A. useB. beginC. furtherD. see8. The computer _ us to calculate much faster than before.A. enablesB. makeC. findsD. reminds9. would you like to buy this digital camera? I

24、ts too expensive. I have to _ it.A. think aboutB. comp up withC. catch up withD. get along with10. Did you buy a house? Yes, it is a large one_ a small garden in front of it.A. forB. toC. withD. on11. There are many school things in the shop, _ rulers, pens and pencils.A. suchB. so asC. soD. such as

25、12. Paris is one of _ in the world.A. the more beautiful citiesB. the beautiful citiesC. the most beautiful citiesD. the most beautiful city13. That _ me of a joke I heard last week.A. makesB. thinksC. remembersD. reminds14. Itll take us about half an hour to _ the airport.A. reach to B. arriveC. ge

26、tD. get to15. Jim, please _ the lights when you leave.A. turn onB. turn offC. turn upD. turn down二、用適當形式填空1. The centre of France is a big _ region. (agriculture)2. I like the beautiful _ of the Great Wall in China. (scene)3. Shanghai is known as the shopping paradise. It has got the same _ as Hong

27、Kong. (attract)4. My ambition is to be a top jewellery _ in the world. (design)5. France is a _ in art and culture. (lead)三、改寫句子：1. Can you tell me the way to the post office?Can you tell me _ to _ to the post office?Can you tell me _ the post office _?2. Turn right at the first crossing._ the first

28、 _ _ the right.3. Youll see Peoples Square before you .Youll see Peoples Square _ _ _ you.4. Walk to the end of the road.Walk _ the road _ you reach the end.5. Where is the bank?Which is _ _ _ the bank?四. 閱讀分析（A）A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well, but he always

29、began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly（肚子）or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most g

30、reat artists who really know their business do not follow other peoples rule. They make their own rules. Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar（奇特的） to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy to work in that way. Now the very same thing is true to literature（文學(xué)）

31、. And the question, "How shall I begin?" only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced（有經(jīng)驗的） enough to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will never ask the question, and I

32、think that you will often begin at the tail -that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning. 1. A friend of the writers drew the horses _. A. very well B. in the way of western rule C. in the way of his own rule D. all of the above 2. The writer was

33、 surprised because _. A. the artist began to draw at the head of the horse B. the artist began to draw at the tail of the horse C. the artist made his own rule D. the artist did not follow other peoples rule 3. You are not yet experienced because _. A. you dont know where to begin B. you want to beg

34、in at the head instead of beginning at the tail C. you always asked question D. you do not trust to your own powers 4. When you become more experienced you will _. A. never ask question B. often begin at the tail C. write the end of the story D. think of the beginning 5. The topic of the passage is

35、_. A. How to draw a horse B. How to write a story C. How to make your own rules D. Trust to your own powers （B）James wrote a play for television about a family who came to England from India, and the play was very interesting. It was bought by an American TV company（公司）. James was then invited to go

36、 to New York to help them. He lived in Washington, which is an hour away from New York by air. The plane was going to take off at 8:30 in the morning. So he had to be at the airport at bout 7:30. He ordered a taxi for 6:30 and went to sleep. He forgot to wind the clock, and it stopped after midnight. Also the driver of the taxi had to work very late that night and he got up very late the next morning. James woke with the feeling that something was wrong. He looked at his clock. It stood there si