第一講時態(tài)語態(tài)

1、重難增分篇第一講時態(tài)語態(tài)第一課時知識過關(guān)課1運(yùn)用 “7 看法 ”，熟記 “4 句型 ”速判動詞的時態(tài)(1)掌握獨(dú)特的時間狀語標(biāo)志(7 看法 )1看到 always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等想到用一般現(xiàn)在時2看到 yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other 想到用一般過去時態(tài)day 等3看到 tomorrow, next year, in a week等想到用將來時態(tài)4看到等想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)all the time, now, at present5看到at that time, then, a

2、t six o 等想到用過去進(jìn)行時clock yesterday6看到 at this time tomorrow, from 1 oclock to 3o clock tomorrow等想到用將來進(jìn)行時7看到 since, so far, up to now, by the time, in the想到用完成時態(tài)last/past few years等I usually get up at four o clock every morning when it s still dark.我通常每天早晨四點(diǎn)起床，那時天還很黑。I will be talkingwith the professor

3、 at this time tomorrow .明天這個時間我將在和教授談話。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.到你回家的時候，我將會已經(jīng)把房子打掃得干干凈凈。(2)熟記固定句型中的時態(tài)(4 句型 )?be doing.when.，主句常用過去進(jìn)行時，從句常用一般過去時。?no sooner.than或 hardly.when.，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。?It is/has been時間段 since.表示“自從以來已經(jīng)”。主句用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用一般過去時

4、。?This/It/That is the first/second.time that. 表示“這 /那是第一 /二次”，后面的句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時。Hardlyhad the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking himquestions.演講者一結(jié)束他的講話，觀眾就不停地向他提問。It is the third time thatyou have been late for work this week, isn t it?這已經(jīng)是你本周第三次工作遲到了，不是嗎？The boy was doing his hom

5、ework when his father came back from work.當(dāng)那個男孩的父親下班回來時，他正在做作業(yè)。2被動語態(tài)的幾點(diǎn)說明(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時，就要用被動語態(tài)。(2)只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。 但 cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to， consist of 等及物動詞或及物的短語動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。(3)happen，occur，come about， take place等不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。(4)帶有介詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)，不要漏掉介詞。T

6、he children will be looked after well here.這些孩子在這里將受到很好的照顧。(5)系動詞 feel，look ，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain 等用主動形式表示被動意義，主語通常是事物。The material feels very soft.這種料子摸起來很柔軟。讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文， 領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。 注意時態(tài)語態(tài)的用法。I am Li Fan，chairman of the Students amUnionwriting.I 1 to draw your attention to

7、 some improper behaviour in our campus ： littering and scribbling.It has_been_making2 our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel_ashamed3 whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Last week，the students Unionheld4 a meeting to seek some solutions

8、 to these problems.We were_having 5 a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting，the headmaster said that the schoolhad_made6 efforts to improve this situation and more dustbinswould_be_placed 7 around.Recently， the Students Unionhas_set_up8 specific rules against suc

9、h behaviour.At the same time，all of us should develop good habits and better behave ourselves.We believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers and students，our school will_become 9 a more enjoyable place in the near future.1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作。2現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，表示從過去從開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。3一般現(xiàn)在時，表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)

10、慣性動作。4一般過去時，在過去某個時間里(last week 上周 )所發(fā)生的動作。5過去進(jìn)行時，在過去某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。6過去完成時，表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”。7過去將來時，表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)。另外，此處主語dustbins 為動作的承受者，所以用被動語態(tài)。8現(xiàn)在完成時，表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。9一般將來時，表示在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 .單句填空 (用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1The sun was setting when my car broke (break) down

11、 near a remote village.2This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention.3People stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elbows，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.4He

12、r mother was excited“.Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane was_informed(inform) 5I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He was_pretending(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.6I ll go to the library as soon a

13、s I finish whatamI_doing(do)7It is the most instructive lecture that I have_attended(attend) since I came to thisschool.8In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced(produce) all over the world.9By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had_graduated(graduate) from college.1

14、0Barbara is easy to recognize as she only ones ofthethe women who wears(wear) evening dress. .單句改錯 (下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。 )1It is the first time that he talked with his father face to face.talked has_talked2The vase isn t belong to him.isndoesnt3She insisted that she organized the

15、trip on her anizedorganize4In the last twenty years，great changes have been taken place in our country去.掉 have 后的 been5As time go by，online shopping is becoming more and more popular.go goes6Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 在 dreamed前加

16、have7Hardly I sat down when I heard the shocking news在. I 前加 had8The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.在 translated前加 been9The old man is happy because he is well taken care在. care 后加 of 10The new teaching building was builded last year.buildedbuilt .語篇填空

17、(用括號中動詞的正確形式填空 )How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years？It 1._(take)me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question.When Dad first quit drinking ，the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that ，in the pas

18、t，2._(start) him drinkingagain.For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3._(begin) again.“ I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times aday，” was Dad sreply to my 18 year old unasked question.And then he 4._(share) the poem with me.Abou

19、t a month after this talk with my father，when I 5._(have) a rest，Ireceived a gift in the mail from a friend of mine.It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.It 6._(be) my experience that when you 7._(get) something withdays of the year on it， you 8._(t

20、urn) to the page that lists your own birthday.I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me.There， on my birthday ， was the exact same poem that 9._(help) my father for all these years！ It 10._(call) the Serenity Prayer.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】一位十八歲的兒子鼓起勇氣問出了懷揣了將

21、近二十年的問題：父親是如何成功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本書上， 正好在自己生日對應(yīng)的那一頁看到了父親戒酒期間鼓勵自己的禱告，體現(xiàn)了父親為了兒子而戒酒的濃濃的父愛。1took從下文 “For a few years we were afraid to.”的“were”可知，此處應(yīng)該用一般過去時。 2would have started句意： “父親最初戒酒時，一旦他陷入過去再次喝酒的情景時，整個家庭就會坐立不安。”從上文 “every time he got into a.” 的謂語動詞的過去式可知，此處表達(dá)的是過去肯定會發(fā)生的事情。3would begin 從句無謂語動詞，且從上文 “

22、we were afraid to bring it up for fear” 謂語動詞 were 可知，此處缺少一個表示過去將來的謂語動詞。 4shared 本句無謂語動詞，從該句時間副詞 “then”可知，此處應(yīng)為一般過去時。 5was having 由 when 引起的時間狀語從句中從句部分無謂語動詞，故have在本句應(yīng)作謂語動詞， 又從主句的謂語動詞received 可知，當(dāng)時作者應(yīng)該是正在休息，收到禮物，故此處應(yīng)該填動詞的過去進(jìn)行時，表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作。 6has been 此句為 it 引導(dǎo)的形式主語從句， be 在主句中作謂語動詞；由下文的 “my experience”可知

23、這樣的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生多次，已成經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故用完成時態(tài)。7get 由 when 引起的從句缺少謂語動詞，再由原文可知，這里表達(dá)的是一件經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情，故用動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。8will turn由 when 引起的時間狀語從句中，從句的謂語動詞get 用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句就會用一般將來時，表示將要發(fā)生的動作。9had helped由于主句 therebe 句式的謂語動詞be 用過去時，而以 the poem為先行詞的定語從句中無謂語動詞，需要一個表示發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前的動作，故用過去完成時。 10is called句子無謂語動詞，故call 應(yīng)作句子的謂語；而it 與 call 之間是被動關(guān)系；文中講

24、的是書名， 應(yīng)為客觀存在的事實(shí)， 故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。第二課時高考研究課動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法“ 4 步法”確定動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)?第一步，確定句子是否缺少謂語：如果括號中給出的提示詞是動詞，首先要分析句子成分。 如果句子缺少謂語， 那么空格處應(yīng)填謂語動詞， 就要考慮使用合適的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。?第二步，確定時態(tài)：要根據(jù)具體的語境、時間狀語或另一動詞的時態(tài)來判斷用哪種時態(tài)。?第三步，確定語態(tài)：語態(tài)要根據(jù)主語和謂語動詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定。主語和謂語動詞之間是主動關(guān)系時動詞就應(yīng)用主動語態(tài)，是被動關(guān)系時就應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。?第四步，確定主謂一致：要注意謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一

25、致。真題驗(yàn)證 11 Whilerunning regularly can tmake you liveforever, the review says it_(be) moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.(2018 全·國卷 )答案is 首先確定該動詞為says 賓語從句的謂語動詞；其次根據(jù)平行的謂語動詞 make， says 等為一般現(xiàn)在時，故該謂語動詞應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時；最后，主語和謂語動詞之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。2Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages an

26、d it must have been fairlyunpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017全國卷 )·答案were used此處講的是過去的事情，主語Steam engines和 use之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。3Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deeptunnels(隧道 )，which became known as the Tube.(2017全國卷· )答案man

27、aged 此處講的是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時，主語engineers和 manage之間是主動關(guān)系，故填 managed。 4When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missingsomething.(2017 全·國卷 )答案are removed填空處在句中作謂語。本文講述的是現(xiàn)狀，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語是 fat and salt，與 remove 之間是被動關(guān)系，故填are removed。 5Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britain s new

28、supermodel, earning a milliondollars in the next year.(2017全國卷 ·)答案has been told/was told 句意應(yīng)為 “有人告訴過 Sarah，她可能是英國的一名新超模，下一年能掙一百萬美元 ”，故句子謂語應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。由于從句中的謂語動詞could be 此處也可以使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。6Sarah says,“ My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school_(come) first.I don t w

29、antto get too absorbed in modeling. ”(2017 ·全國卷 )答案comes 此句是直接引語，根據(jù)前后句子的謂語可知，動詞come 應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時。 7Pahlsson and her husband _(search)the kitchen, checking every corner, butturned up nothing.(2017 浙江卷·)答案searched 根據(jù)后面的 but turned up nothing 可知，此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的行為，故要用一般過去時。8Pahlsson and her husband n

30、ow think the ring probably got _(sweep)into apile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生長 )through it.(2017 浙江·卷 )答案swept 戒指被掃進(jìn)垃圾堆里。主語the ring 與動詞 sweep 之間為被動關(guān)系，故此處要用動詞的過去分詞形式。9Confucius believed knives would rem

31、ind people of killings and _ (be) tooviolent for use at the table.(2016全國卷 ) ·答案 were 由前面謂語動詞 believed, would remind 等使用過去時，可知此處 be 動詞應(yīng)使用過去時。 10It was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.(全國卷 )答案arrived 在句型 “be doing.when.”中，前半分句中使用了過去進(jìn)行時，后半分句中 arrive 應(yīng)該使用過去時。 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

32、在短文改錯中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法3“從”原則1從語篇和上下文整體把握時態(tài)；從時間狀語上判斷時態(tài)。2從連詞前后看平行謂語動詞的差異。3從主謂關(guān)系上判斷主動或被動關(guān)系。真題驗(yàn)證 21During my last winter holiday ，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.(2018全國卷 ) ·答案find found 從時間 During my last winter holiday ，可知該句時態(tài)為過去時。 2I didn t rea

33、lize how right my parents are untilnteredI high school.(2018 全國卷· )_答案 arewere 由平行的謂語 didntrealize 和 entered可知該句的時態(tài)為過去時。 3When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！(2017 ·全國卷 )_答案camecomes 本文整體用一般現(xiàn)在時， 描述現(xiàn)狀。此處主句是一般將來時， when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，且從句主語為第三人稱單

34、數(shù)，故應(yīng)用 comes。4Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructorstarted the car, my mind goes blank.(2017全國卷 ) ·答案goeswent 此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。 s orders, bu5. I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.(2017全國卷 )_答案hadhave 根據(jù)時間狀語 in the past few

35、 years 可知，本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 6. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017全國卷 ) ·答案 tooktaken 由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)該使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故應(yīng)用過去分詞 taken。7. About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of hi

36、gh school and become a new member of the school music club.(2017 全·國卷 )_答案become became 此句中的 enter 和 become是并列謂語，應(yīng)用一般過去時。 8However, my parents didn t seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.(2016·全國卷 )_答案tell told由前句中的時態(tài)“didnt seem”，可知，后句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去時。 9A woman saw h

37、im crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(全國卷 )_答案telling told由并列連詞 and 可知， telling 應(yīng)該和前面的saw 為平行的謂語動詞，故用told。第三課時寫作增分課時態(tài)、語態(tài)在寫作中的增分點(diǎn)一、洞察 “過去、現(xiàn)在和將來 ” 寫對句子1我希望他度過一個愉快的生日。(hope, have a happy birthday)I_hope_that_he_has/will_have_a_happy_birthday.2我們快一點(diǎn)，火車4 點(diǎn) 30 分開。 (leave)Let shurry.The_train

38、_leaves_at_4：30.3我在那個小學(xué)上過6 年學(xué)。 (study, the primary school, for)I_studied_in_that_primary_school_for_six_years.4我不知道你已經(jīng)出國了。(go abroad)I_didn tknow_you_had_gone_abroad.5如果你想上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)，你的英語必須很優(yōu)秀。(be to, a key college, excellent)If_you_are_to_go_to_a_key_college,_your_English_must_be_excellent.6像我們班主任這樣的人理應(yīng)受

39、到尊重。 (such.as, headteacher, be to, respect) Such_people_as_our_headteacher_are_to_be_respected.二、知曉 “何時完成 ” 推敲句子1我的表弟已經(jīng)回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已經(jīng)走了一個星期了。他在這里待了一個月。 (cousin, go back home, stay)2他 2016 年搬到這里，自那之后他一直住在這里。(move, live, ever since)He_moved_here_in_2016_and_he_has_lived_here_ever_since.3過去幾年中國發(fā)展得很快。

40、 (develop rapidly, past few years) China_has_developed_rapidly_in_the_past_few_years.4他感冒已經(jīng)快一個星期了，他是上周一得的感冒。 (have a cold, catch a cold) He_has_had_a_cold_for_almost_a_week.He_caught_the_cold_last_ Monday.5上星期他沒去青島旅游，因?yàn)樗郧霸?jīng)去過。(visit Qingdao)He_didn tvisit_Qingdao_last_week,_because_he_had_been_ther

41、e_before.6到下周末為止，我離開家將有兩個月了。(be away from, by the end of)By_the_end_of_next_week,_I_will_have_been_away_from_home_for_two_months.三、善辨 “何時進(jìn)行 ” 優(yōu)化句子1我沒有聽懂我們老師說什么， 因?yàn)槲覄偛旁诳紤]別的事情。 (catch，think about，something else)I_didn tcatch_what_our_teacher_said,_because_I_was_thinking_about_something_else.2你不必買那么貴的手

42、機(jī)?？萍及l(fā)展很快，即使最新的型號也會很快就過時。 (expensive, cell phone, technology, develop rapidly, the newest model, out of date) You_needntbuy_that_expensive_a_cell_phone.As_technology_is_devel oping_very_rapidly,_even_the_newest_model_will_be_out_of_date_s oon.3既然你總是玩電子游戲，你怎能趕上別人呢？(how can, when, always, playvideo gam

43、es)How_can_you_catch_up_with_others_when_you_are_always_playing_video_games?4明天的這個時候我們就會在一起高興地交談。我急不可待地想見到你。(talktogether happily, can t wait to)We ll_be_talking_together_happily_at_this_time_tomorrow_and_I_cant_wait_to_see_you.5當(dāng)他從昏迷中醒來之后， 他意識到他已在那里躺了很長時間。(come to, realize,lie)When_he_came_to,_he_r

44、ealized_he_had_been_lying_there_for_a_long_time.四、巧用 “主將從現(xiàn) ” 寫美句子1只要你不告訴別人，我就告訴你真相。(tell the truth, as long as, keep it toyourself)I_will_tell_you_the_truth_as_long_as_you_keep_it_to_yourself. 2一旦你到那里，請給我打個電話。 (once, give sb a call) Once_you_get_there,_please_give_me_a_call.3等到你下次來，我們的新房子將會蓋好。 你就可以和

45、我們一起住了。 (new house,complete, by the time, stay)Our_new_house_will_have_been_completed_by_the_time_you_come_next_time.Then_you_can_stay_with_us.4即使明天下雨，我們也不會改變計劃。(change our plan, even if)We_wontchange_our_plan_even_if_it_rains_tomorrow.5抓到這個被通緝的人或者提供有價值線索的人將得到一大筆錢。(anyone who,the wanted man, provide

46、 useful information, award, a large sum of money)Anyone_who_catches_the_wanted_man_or_provides_useful_information_will_be_awarded_a_large_sum_of_money.6你越努力，你的進(jìn)步就越大。(the harder, the greater progress)The_harder_you_work,_the_greater_progress_you_will_make.五、熟用句型 “亮” 化句子1我正要離開這時我的手機(jī)響了。(be about to.whe

47、n)I_was_about_to_leave_when_my_mobile_phone_rang.2我們正在上語文課，這時門開了，進(jìn)來一個警察。(have a Chinese class, when,in come)We_were_having_a_Chinese_class_when_the_door_opened_and_in_came_a_policeman.3當(dāng)他們來到的時候， 我的作業(yè)剛完成， 正要去購物。 (finish, go shopping, when) I_had_just_finished_my_homework_and_was_about_to_go_shopping_ _when_they_arrived.4這是我第一次到上海，我感到一切都是那么神奇。 (the